1. Q: Dab tsi yog qhov sib txawv ntawm Nickel 200 (Ni200) thiab Nickel 201 (Ni201), thiab vim li cas qhov kev sib txawv no tseem ceeb rau kev siv hauv kev lag luam?
A: Txawm hais tias ob qho tib si Nickel 200 thiab Nickel 201 yog cov khoom lag luam ntshiab wrought npib tsib xee alloys (feem ntau muaj 99.0% mus rau 99.6% npib tsib xee), lawv qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb nyob hauv cov ntsiab lus carbon. Nickel 200 muaj cov ntsiab lus siab tshaj plaws ntawm 0.15%, thaum Nickel 201 yog qhov qis -carbon variant nrog qhov siab tshaj ntawm 0.02% carbon.
Qhov no zoo li me me metallurgical sib txawv muaj qhov cuam tshuam loj rau kev lag luam. Nyob rau hauv siab - qhov kub thiab txias ib puag ncig, tshwj xeeb ntawm 300℃thiab 600℃(572℃F txog 1112℃F), Nickel 200 yog qhov cuam tshuam rau qhov tshwm sim hu ua "graphitization." Cov pa roj carbon tam sim no nyob rau hauv lub alloy precipitates rau hauv graphite hais nyob rau hauv grain ciam teb, uas hnyav heev embrits cov khoom, ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj loj heev nyob rau hauv kev ntxhov siab.
Yog li ntawd, Nickel 201 tau tsim los muab tib yam corrosion kuj thiab txhua yam khoom zoo li Nickel 200 tab sis nrog kev ruaj ntseg ntawm qhov kub siab. Hauv cov chaw muaj kev lag luam-xws li cov chaw ua tshuaj lom neeg tsim cov dej qab zib caustic (NaOH) lossis hluavtaws fibers- cov engineers nruj me ntsis qhia cov Nickel 201 rau cov cuab yeej ua haujlwm siab tshaj 315℃kom muaj kev ncaj ncees. Nickel 200 feem ntau yog tshwj tseg rau cov ntawv thov hauv qab no qhov kub thiab txias, xws li cov khoom siv hluav taws xob lossis chav tsev -kub caustic tuav. Kev siv cov qhab-nees tsis raug tuaj yeem ua rau cov cuab yeej ua tsis tiav ntxov, ua rau qhov sib txawv yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev yuav khoom thiab tsim engineering.
2. Q: Dab tsi yog cov kev cai purity tshwj xeeb uas txhais cov qib N4 thiab N6, thiab lawv ua raws li cov qauv thoob ntiaj teb xws li ASTM B160?
A: Hauv cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov npib tsib xee ntshiab, N4 thiab N6 yog Suav GB / T 5235 tus qauv uas sib raug zoo rau cov qauv thoob ntiaj teb. N4 yog qhov sib npaug ntawm Nickel 200 (UNS N02200), thaum N6 ua ke nrog Nickel 201 (UNS N02201). Txawm li cas los xij, cov txheej txheem nuance nyob rau hauv qhov kev tso cai impurity pib, uas hais txog kev ua tau zoo hauv cov ntawv thov kev lag luam.
Rau N6 (Ni201 qib), qhov purity feem ntau yuav tsum tsis pub tsawg tshaj 99.5% npib tsib xee ntxiv rau cobalt, nrog rau kev tswj nruj heev ntawm kab kawm. Tshwj xeeb, cov ntsiab lus carbon rau N6 yuav tsum nyob qis dua 0.02%, silicon qis dua 0.10%, thiab hlau qis dua 0.20% kom tau raws li GB / T 4435 tus qauv. Rau N4 (Ni200 qib), cov pa roj carbon ntau dua (tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 0.10%), tab sis cov ntsiab lus ntawm impurities (xws li tooj liab, manganese, thiab sulfur) yuav tsum khaws cia qis dua 0.5%.
Cov qib purity no tseem ceeb heev rau kev lag luam uas yuav tsum tau ua raws li ASTM B160 (Standard Specification for Nickel Rod and Bar). Thaum lub Hoobkas thov "tus nqi Hoobkas" rau siab - purity npib tsib xee alloys, ua raws li cov tshuaj tshwj xeeb no kom ntseeg tau tias cov khoom khaws cia nws cov yam ntxwv: qis vapor siab, siab sib nqus permeability, thiab tshwj xeeb tsis kam rau caustic alkalis. Ib qho kev sib txawv ntawm cov kev txwv tsis pub dawb no- tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov tooj liab lossis cov hlau lead- tuaj yeem cuam tshuam cov hlau tsis muaj peev xwm tiv taus qhov chaw corrosive lossis cuam tshuam rau nws qhov kev ua tau zoo hauv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob xws li cov roj teeb tabs lossis lub tshuab nqus tsev vacuum.
3. Q: Vim li cas cov npib tsib xee dawb huv (Ni200/Ni201) suav tias yog cov khoom siv rau kev tuav cov dej qab zib caustic (NaOH) hauv cov nroj tsuag tshuaj?
A: Ntshiab npib tsib xee nthuav tawm ib qho tshwj xeeb electrochemical passivity nyob rau hauv cov concentrated caustic soda (sodium hydroxide) ib puag ncig uas tsis sib xws los ntawm stainless hlau lossis txawm npib tsib xee - tooj liab alloys zoo li Monel. Hauv kev lag luam tshuaj, xws li cov khoom tsim chlor-alkali lossis alumina (Bayer txheej txheem), kev tuav cov sodium hydroxide ntawm qhov siab siab (50% txog 100%) thiab qhov kub siab yog niaj hnub.
Nickel lub superiority stems los ntawm nws lub peev xwm los tsim ib tug ruaj khov, tiv thaiv oxide zaj duab xis (feem ntau npib tsib xee oxide) ntawm nws nto nyob rau hauv ib puag ncig caustic. Cov yeeb yaj kiab no tiv taus cov kab mob embrittlement thiab kev ntxhov siab -corrosion cracking (SCC), uas feem ntau cuam tshuam rau austenitic stainless hlau (xws li 304L lossis 316L) nyob rau hauv tib lub sijhawm. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov npib tsib xee ntshiab yog siv los tsim cov evaporators, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob sib hloov, thiab cov kav dej vim tias lawv tswj cov ductility txawm tias kub txog li 400 degree.
Rau cov neeg yuav khoom lag luam ntawm "tus nqi Hoobkas," nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias thaum Nickel 200 yog qhov tsim nyog rau feem ntau cov kev siv caustic ntawm qhov kub nruab nrab, Nickel 201 yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua rau kev pab cuam hauv qhov chaw kub siab tshaj 315℃(600℃F). Kev siv siab -purity, tsis yog{6}} paug nickel kom ntseeg tau tias tsis muaj galvanic corrosion tshwm sim hauv cov pob qij txha, uas yog ib qho kev ua tsis tiav hauv cov nroj tsuag caustic concentration.
4. Q: Yuav ua li cas cov neeg kho tshuab kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov ntshiab nickel tuav (N4/N6) piv rau austenitic stainless hlau, thiab nyob rau hauv uas muaj kev thov no puas tsim nyog tus nqi them nqi?
A: Txawm hais tias cov npib tsib xee ntshiab feem ntau nqa tus nqi siab dua li cov qauv stainless hlau, lawv cov kev xaiv yog tsim nyog los ntawm kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov khoom siv thiab lub cev uas cov hlau tsis tuaj yeem rov ua dua hauv cov khoom lag luam tshwj xeeb.
Los ntawm cov neeg kho tshuab pom, cov npib tsib xee dawb huv nyob rau hauv cov mob annealed muaj qhov tsis tshua muaj zog (feem ntau 15-40 ksi) piv rau 316 stainless hlau (25-45 ksi). Txawm li cas los xij, npib tsib xee qhov zoo nyob hauv nws qhov tshwj xeeb ductility thiab elongation (feem ntau 40-60% hauv 2 ntiv tes). Qhov siab ductility no ua rau nws zoo tagnrho rau kev sib sib zog nqus sib sib zog nqus, sib sau ua ke, thiab ua haujlwm txias txias- cov txheej txheem feem ntau xav tau hauv kev tsim cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, cov hluav taws xob hluav taws xob, thiab cov khoom siv tshuaj lom neeg lub taub hau.
Tsis tas li ntawd, npib tsib xee ntshiab muaj qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm lub cev: nws yog ferromagnetic (nrog rau Curie kub nyob ib ncig ntawm 360 degree) thiab muaj cov thermal conductivity ntawm stainless hlau. Hauv kev lag luam hluav taws xob, cov khoom no yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev sib cuag roj teeb, cov hlau lead, thiab cov ntaub thaiv hluav taws xob. Hauv kev lag luam aerospace thiab zaub mov, cov khoom siv muaj peev xwm tswj tau qhov tsis muaj -reactive, yooj yim ntxuav qhov chaw tsis muaj corrosion ua rau nws superior rau coated steels.
Rau cov chaw tsim khoom lag luam, kev yuav N4 lossis Ni200 ntawm kev sib tw ntawm lub Hoobkas nqi yuav ua rau muaj txiaj ntsig zoo thaum daim ntawv thov xav tau cov yam ntxwv tshwj xeeb no -tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum cov khoom siv ua haujlwm ntev hauv corrosive lossis siab - purity ib puag ncig txo qhov ntev - cov nqi txij nkawm piv rau nquag hloov cov khoom tsis zoo stainless hlau.
5. Q: Dab tsi ntawm qhov chaw tiav thiab cov txheej txheem ua tiav feem ntau muaj rau cov khoom siv nickel ntshiab hauv cov khoom lag luam, thiab cov khoom no cuam tshuam li cas rau kev tsim khoom thiab nqi?
A: Hauv kev lag luam khoom lag luam rau cov khoom siv nickel ntshiab (N4, N6, Ni200, Ni201), kev ua haujlwm hauv lub xeev thiab qhov chaw tiav yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm qhov sib txawv uas cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau ob qho tib si cov ntaub ntawv fabricability thiab qhov kawg tus nqi tsaws.
Ntshiab nickel tuav feem ntau muaj nyob rau hauv peb lub xeev ua haujlwm tseem ceeb:Kub-Tiav lawm (Kub-Rolled), Txias-Tiav lawm (Cold-Drawn), thiabAnnealed. Txias-cov tuav tiav muaj qhov ua kom nruj dua qhov ntev, txhim kho qhov chaw tiav, thiab lub zog tensile ntau dua vim kev ua haujlwm tawv. Txawm li cas los xij, rau kev ua haujlwm loj heev-xws li flanging lossis sib sib zog nqus nqus- lub xeev annealed feem ntau yuav tsum tau los kho qhov siab tshaj plaws ductility, vim tias txias- ua haujlwm npib tsib xee tuaj yeem ua rau txo qis corrosion nyob rau hauv qee qhov chaw hnyav yog tias tsis muaj kev ntxhov siab zoo-relieved.
Hais txog qhov chaw tiav, cov chaw tsim khoom lag luam muabDub Oxide(raws li -rolled),Pickled(chemically ntxuav kom tshem tawm nplai),Ci ntsa iab(txias-kos los yog polished), thiabHauv av / Polished. Rau kev siv hauv kev tsim khoom semiconductor lossis kev ua tshuaj, polished tiav yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua kom tshem tawm cov crevices uas muaj cov kab mob sib kis. Piv txwv li, rau cov khoom siv hauv cov kev pabcuam caustic, cov khoom tiav yog feem ntau txaus los tshem tawm cov hlau tsis huv, uas yog qhov tseem ceeb vim tias cov hlau nyob rau saum npoo tuaj yeem tsim cov galvanic hlwb uas pib hauv zos corrosion.
Thaum ntsuas "lub Hoobkas nqi" quotes, industrial buyers yuav tsum sib piv cov specifications kom zoo zoo. Txias-kos, polished tuav yuav tsum tau ua cov kauj ruam ntau dua li kub- dov, dub tuav. Xaiv qhov sib xyaw ua ke uas tsim nyog-xws li annealed thiab pickled rau cov khoom siv tshuaj lom neeg cov hlab ntsha piv rau txias- kos thiab ci rau kev sib cuag hluav taws xob- xyuas kom tus neeg yuav khoom tsis them nyiaj ntau dhau rau qhov tsis tsim nyog ua tiav thaum tseem ua tau raws li qhov tshwj xeeb engineering ntawm daim ntawv thov.
