1. C26000 yog renowned rau nws superior txias workability, uas yog vim li cas nws thiaj li hu ua "Cartridge Brass." Dab tsi yog qhov tshwj xeeb metallurgical mob (piv txwv li, annealed, ib nrab- nyuaj) uas muab cov cuab yeej no, thiab dab tsi ib qho -theem microstructure yog lub luag haujlwm rau nws cov ductility zoo heev thaum lub sij hawm sib sib zog nqus nqus thiab lub raj nthuav dav?
Cov mob uas muab kev ua haujlwm txias txias yog qhov Annealed (Soft) temper. Nyob rau hauv lub xeev no, cov khoom tau raug rhuab mus rau ib tug tshwj xeeb kub thiab txias kom ua tau siab tshaj ductility thiab ib tug tag nrho recrystallized, kev nyuaj siab-dawb microstructure.
Qhov tshwj xeeb microstructure lub luag haujlwm rau qhov tshwj xeeb formability no yog ib qho, homogeneous Alpha ( ) Phase solid tov. Nyob rau hauv Cu-Zn system, alpha theem yog lub ntsej muag -centered cubic (FCC) qauv uas zinc atoms yog yaj nyob rau hauv interstitially hauv tooj liab lattice. FCC cov qauv siv lead ua muaj ntau lub tshuab ua haujlwm hauv pliaj, tso cai rau kev txav mus los yooj yim los ntawm cov siv lead ua lattice thaum muaj kev ntxhov siab. Qhov no ua rau cov hlau tuaj yeem ua rau cov yas deformation ntau heev- xws li kev sib sib zog nqus- rub mus rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv cartridge lossis nthuav dav rau hauv cov ntawv raj- yam tsis muaj kev tawg lossis tsis ua haujlwm. Cov xwm txheej nkaus xwb -theem ua kom zoo ib yam deformation yam tsis muaj qhov nyuaj, nkig beta theem uas tshwm nyob rau hauv siab dua{10}}zinc tooj dag, uas yuav impede formability.
2. Hauv kev siv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, C26000 tooj dag raj yuav tsum tiv thaiv ob qho tib si hauv lub siab thiab cov khoom siv sab nraud. Yuav ua li cas cov txheej txheem ntawm "kev ntxhov siab ntxhov siab annealing" tshwj xeeb tiv thaiv qhov tshwm sim hu ua "lub caij tawg" hauv cov hlab ntsha, thiab dab tsi yog qhov cuam tshuam rau qhov tsis ua haujlwm no?
"Season Cracking" yog ib lo lus keeb kwm rau ib hom kev ua tsis tiav tam sim no nkag siab tias yog Stress Corrosion Cracking (SCC).
Environmental Trigger: Thawj qhov ua rau muaj ammonia (NH₃) lossis lwm yam amines tshwj xeeb hauv ib puag ncig. Txawm tias muaj pes tsawg tus kab mob, uas tuaj yeem los ntawm cov pa phem hauv huab cua, kev puas tsuaj lom neeg, lossis qee yam kev lag luam, yog txaus. Nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm noo noo thiab oxygen, ammonia tuaj yeem tsim ib qho nyuaj nrog tooj liab, ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam ntawm intergranular.
Lub luag hauj lwm ntawm Residual Stresses: Thaum lub raj tooj dag txias - kos los yog khoov thaum lub sij hawm fabrication, nws tsim siab nyob rau hauv seem tensile stresses. Cov kev ntxhov siab no raug kaw rau hauv cov khoom siv cov qauv.
Lub Tshuab Ua Haujlwm Tsis Ua Haujlwm: Kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm tshwj xeeb corrosive (ammonia) thiab tensile stress tsim cov xwm txheej zoo rau SCC. Lub corrosive ib puag ncig tawm tsam cov ciam teb, thiab cov kev ntxhov siab seem muab lub zog tsav kom rub cov ciam teb tsis muaj zog sib nrug, ua rau muaj kev sib tsoo, tawg tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj sai sai.
Kev Tiv Thaiv Kev Nyuaj Siab Li Cas: Qhov kev kho cua sov no suav nrog kev ua kom txias txias - ua haujlwm tooj dag raj rau qhov kub hauv qab nws qhov chaw recrystallization (feem ntau ntawm 200-300℃/ 400-570℃F). Cov txheej txheem no tsis soften cov khoom lossis hloov nws cov qauv nplej tab sis tso cai rau cov atoms txav me ntsis, so kom txaus thiab txo cov kev ntxhov siab sab hauv. Los ntawm kev tshem tawm cov tensile stress Cheebtsam ntawm qhov sib npaug ntawm SCC, lub raj yuav ua tau heev resistant rau no tsis ua hauj lwm hom, txawm yog raug me me ntawm ammonia.
3. Rau cov dej uas siv tau, tus tsim qauv yuav tsum xaiv ntawm C26000 tooj dag thiab dezincification-resistant (DZR) tooj dag xws li C44300. Dab tsi yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm electrochemical mechanism ntawm dezincification, thiab nyob rau hauv dab tsi tshwj xeeb dej chemistry tej yam kev mob (ob qhov tseem ceeb tsis) yog C26000 feem ntau raug?
Dezincification yog ib hom kev xaiv corrosion qhov twg zinc yog xaiv leached tawm ntawm tooj dag alloy, tawm hauv qab ib tug ntxeem tau, tsis muaj zog, thiab tooj liab- nplua nuj qauv.
Electrochemical Mechanism:
Cov tooj dag ua haujlwm hauv cov hluav taws xob hluav taws xob, nrog rau zinc- thaj chaw nplua nuj yog anodic thiab tooj liab- thaj chaw nplua nuj cathodic.
Zinc yaj zoo dua rau hauv dej (Zn → Zn²⁺ + 2e⁻).
Cov electrons tso tawm txo cov pa oxygen ntawm cov chaw cathodic (O₂ + 2H₂O + 4e⁻ → 4OH⁻).
Cov tooj liab, uas muaj txiaj ntsig zoo dua, tsis yaj tab sis rov ua dua - tso rau ntawm qhov chaw hauv ib qho spongy, tsis yog - daim ntawv tiv thaiv. Qhov no tawm ntawm lub qhov ntxeem tau tooj liab uas tsis muaj zog txhua yam.
Cov dej tshwj xeeb Chemistry rau Susceptibility:
Stagnant lossis Low-Flow Conditions: Stagnation tso cai rau cov zinc ions yaj hauv zos thiab tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv carbonate los ntawm kev tsim kom zoo.
Mos, me ntsis acidic dej: Cov dej mos (tsis tshua muaj hardness, qis Ca²⁺ thiab Mg²⁺ ions) yog nruj heev vim nws tsis muaj cov zaub mov uas yuav tsum tau los ua ib qho kev tiv thaiv (xws li CaCO₃) ntawm lub raj sab hauv. Ua ke nrog pH qis (acidic dej, qis dua ~ 7.0), qhov chaw no zoo heev rau kev sib cais ntawm zinc. Cov tshuaj chloride siab kuj tuaj yeem ua kom cov txheej txheem.
Qhov no yog vim li cas cov kav dej niaj hnub no feem ntau xav tau DZR tooj dag (CuZn36Pb2As lossis C69400) rau cov khoom tseem ceeb hauv cov dej haus, vim nws muaj me me ntawm Arsenic (As) uas inhibits zinc dissolution kauj ruam.
4. Lub manufacturability ntawm C26000 raj yog ib tug tseem ceeb economic kom zoo dua. Piav txog ob txoj hauv kev tseem ceeb rau kev tsim seamless tooj dag raj thiab txheeb xyuas cov txheej txheem twg feem ntau cuam tshuam nrog kev ua tiav qhov siab precision thiab nto tiav yuav tsum tau ua rau cov khoom siv tshuab precision.
Ob txoj hauv kev tseem ceeb yog Extrusion thiab Piercing & Drawing.
1. Extrusion:
Cov txheej txheem: Ib lub tshuab hluav taws xob kub kub yog yuam los ntawm kev tuag siv lub ram, tsim kom ntev ntev ntawm lub raj. Qhov no yog qhov kub - txheej txheem ua haujlwm.
Cov yam ntxwv: Nws yog qhov siab - ntim, tus nqi- txoj kev siv tau zoo tsim nyog rau kev tsim cov raj ntev ntev nrog lub ntsej muag zoo. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov ntev ntawm qhov kam rau ua tsis nruj npaum li qhov ua tiav los ntawm kev kos duab.
2. Piercing & Drawing (Tus Txheej Txheem Precision):
Txheej txheem:
a. Piercing: Ib lub rhuab puag ncig yog pierced los ntawm ib tug mandrel los tsim ib tug hollow "plhaub."
b. Kev kos duab: Lub plhaub no ces rub (kos) los ntawm cov kab me me tuag thiab hla mandrels ntawm chav tsev kub. Qhov no yog kev ua haujlwm txias -.
Cov yam ntxwv: Cov qauv no feem ntau cuam tshuam nrog kev ua tiav qhov siab precision, zoo heev nto tiav, thiab txhim kho cov khoom siv kho mob vim ua haujlwm txias. Cov txheej txheem kev kos duab tso cai rau kev tswj nruj heev rau sab nraud txoj kab uas hla (OD), sab hauv txoj kab uas hla (ID), thiab phab ntsa thickness. Lub raj ua tau muaj qhov du, huv si saum npoo zoo tagnrho rau cov khoom siv kho tshuab precision, cov kab hydraulic, thiab cov raj ntsuas ntsuas qhov tseeb haum thiab ua tiav yog qhov tseem ceeb.
5. Hauv kev txheeb xyuas tus nqi / kev ua tau zoo rau lub tshuab hluav taws xob tsheb, piv rau C26000 tooj dag raj rau txhuas raj, peb qhov kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov tooj dag yog dab tsi uas pom zoo rau nws cov nqi khoom siv ntau dua, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv hnyav - lub luag haujlwm lossis cov ntawv thov hwm?
Txawm hais tias aluminium qhov hnyav thiab tus nqi kom zoo dua, C26000 tooj dag tuav txoj haujlwm muaj zog vim nws qhov kev ua tau zoo tshaj plaws hauv cov chaw tseem ceeb:
Superior Strength thiab Pressure Capability: Brass tubes muaj zog tensile thiab yield zog dua txhuas. Qhov no tso cai rau cov phab ntsa nyias nyias thaum tseem muaj qhov system siab, uas tuaj yeem cuam tshuam qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj, nws muab kev tiv thaiv ntau dua rau kev vibration, kev tsim txom txhua yam, thiab kev kub ntxhov, ua rau cov tub ntxhais muaj zog thiab txhim khu kev qha, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv hnyav - daim ntawv thov.
Zoo heev Solderability thiab Repairability: tooj dag tuaj yeem yooj yim thiab ntseeg siab koom nrog cov hlau lead -tin lossis lead- cov solders dawb, tsim kom muaj zog, xau{2}} pov thawj metallurgical daim ntawv cog lus nrog lub tshuab hluav taws xob tooj dag headers. Aluminium, nyob rau hauv sib piv, yuav tsum tau complex thiab rhiab heev brazing los yog vuam cov tswv yim nyob rau hauv ib tug tswj qhov chaw. Qhov no ua rau kev tsim cov tooj dag radiators yooj yim dua thiab txhua qhov kev kho qhov chaw muaj peev xwm ua tau ntau dua.
Kev tiv thaiv rau Galvanic thiab Erosion-Corrosion: Hauv lub tshuab hluav taws xob, muaj cov hlau sib txawv (piv txwv li, solder, fins, raj). tooj dag yog ze rau solder ntawm cov galvanic series, txo lub zog tsav rau galvanic corrosion. Aluminium yog anodic heev rau feem ntau lwm yam hlau, ua rau nws raug rau galvanic nres yog tsis zoo tag nrho cais. Tsis tas li ntawd, tooj dag lub hauv paus hardness thiab corrosion khoom txheej muab kev tiv thaiv zoo dua rau kev yaig-corrosion los ntawm cov dej ntws tsis tu ncua, uas tuaj yeem yog qhov teeb meem nrog cov raj aluminium softer.
Qhov kev ncaj ncees rau tooj dag, yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv nws cov pov thawj ntev -lub sij hawm durability, manufacturing simplicity, thiab tag nrho cov system kev cia siab rau, uas yog heev muaj nuj nqis nyob rau hauv daim ntawv thov uas tsis ua hauj lwm yog ib qho kev xaiv.
