Distinguish Ntshiab Copper thiab Copper Alloys

1. Cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb & tshuaj lom neeg muaj pes tsawg leeg

Ntshiab tooj liab:

Feem ntau muaj cov tooj liab (Cu) nrog qhov tsawg kawg nkaus purity ntawm 99.3%–99.99% (piv txwv li, qib C10100 oxygen- tooj liab dawb, C11000 electrolytic tooj liab). Cov kab mob tsis huv (piv txwv li, Fe, Pb, Zn) raug tswj nruj, thiab tsis txhob txwm ua cov ntsiab lus alloying (xws li Zn, Sn, Al, Be, Ni) ntxiv.Copper alloys:

Tsim los ntawm txhob txwm ntxiv ib lossis ntau lub ntsiab lus alloying rau cov tooj liab ntshiab kom txhim kho cov khoom tshwj xeeb (xws li, lub zog, corrosion kuj, hnav tsis kam). Cov ntsiab lus tooj liab feem ntau nyob ntawm 50% -99% (piv txwv li, tooj dag: Cu-Zn alloy; bronze: Cu-Sn / Al / Be alloy; cupronickel: Cu-Ni alloy).

2. Cov khoom tseem ceeb sib txawv

Yam khoom	Ntshiab tooj liab	Tooj Alloys
Mechanical Strength	Tsawg mus rau nruab nrab: Tensile zog ≈ 220-300 MPa; Tsawg hardness (HB 35-65); ductility zoo heev (elongation Ntau dua lossis sib npaug li 40%). Mos thiab yooj yim deformable.	Lub zog siab: Tensile lub zog yog li ntawm 300-1,200 MPa (nyob ntawm hom alloy thiab kev kho cua sov); hardness siab dua (HB 80-350); ductility txawv (xws li, tooj dag yog ductile, thaum siab -lub zog bronze muaj nruab nrab ductility).
Hluav taws xob / Thermal conductivity	Tshwj xeeb siab: Hluav taws xob conductivity ≈ 90% -101% IACS; thermal conductivity ≈ 380-401 W / m·K. Ntawm qhov zoo tshaj plaws conductive hlau.	Tsawg dua tooj liab ntshiab: Kev coj ua tau zoo li ntawm 10% -85% IACS (piv txwv li, tooj dag: 25% - 40% IACS; beryllium bronze: 22% - 30% IACS; cupronickel: 10% - 20% IACS). Thermal conductivity kuj txo nrog alloying.
Corrosion Resistance	Zoo nyob rau hauv ib puag ncig me me (piv txwv li, huab cua qhuav, dej tshiab) tab sis tsis zoo hauv cov xwm txheej hnyav (piv txwv li, dej hiav txwv, tshuaj lom neeg, sulfur- muaj cov huab cua) vim muaj kev cuam tshuam rau oxidation thiab corrosion.	Superior thiab tailored: Alloying ntsiab txhim kho corrosion kuj (xws li, cupronickel resists seawater corrosion; aluminium bronze resists acid / alkali corrosion; beryllium bronze resists kev nyuaj siab corrosion cracking).
Xim & Zoo	Bright reddish-txiv kab ntxwv (feem ntau hu ua "liab tooj liab"); tarnishes rau tsaus xim av / dub dhau sijhawm hauv huab cua.	Nws txawv ntawm cov hlau: tooj dag (Cu-Zn) yog daj / kub; bronze (Cu-Sn) yog reddish-xim av / tsaus xim av; cupronickel (Cu-Ni) yog nyiaj-grey; beryllium bronze yog daj ntseg daj.
Qhov ntom	Sib npaug sib npaug: ≈ 8.96 g / cm³.	Nws txawv nrog alloying ntsiab: tooj dag (≈ 8.4–8.7 g / cm³); tooj liab (≈ 8.6–8.9 g / cm³); cupronickel (≈ 8.9–9.2 g / cm³).
Machinability & Workability	Zoo heev ductility thiab formability (yooj yim dov, kos, khoov, los yog welded) tab sis tsis zoo machinability (zoo li yuav lo rau cov cuab yeej).	Machinability sib txawv: tooj dag muaj zoo machinability; siab -lub zog bronze (xws li, beryllium bronze) yog ib qho nyuaj tab sis machinable nrog cov cuab yeej tsim nyog; workability nyob ntawm hom alloy (xws li, ib co bronzes yog tsawg ductile tshaj tooj liab ntshiab).

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3. Txoj Kev Qhia Txog Tus Kheej (rau Hauv -Siv Site)

Kev tshuaj xyuas qhov muag: Ntshiab tooj liab yog xim liab -txiv kab ntxwv; tooj liab alloys muaj xim sib txawv (xws li, tooj dag daj, nyiaj -grey cupronickel).

Magnet Test: Ob qho tib si tooj liab ntshiab thiab feem ntau tooj liab alloys tsis yog- sib nqus (tshwj tsis yog: qee cov hlau- muaj tooj liab alloys, tab sis tsis tshua muaj). Qhov no pab txiav txim tawm cov hlau nplaum sib nqus (xws li, hlau) tab sis tsis paub qhov txawv ntawm cov tooj liab ntshiab los ntawm cov alloys.

Hardness Test: Ntshiab tooj liab yog mos (yooj yooj yim khawb nrog ib tug ntsia thawv los yog ntaub ntawv); tooj liab alloys nyuaj (tiv thaiv khawb).

Conductivity Test: Siv lub ntsuas ntsuas hluav taws xob- tooj liab ntshiab muaj qhov ua tau zoo dua (Ntau dua lossis sib npaug li 90% IACS) dua li cov alloys feem ntau.

Tshuaj ntsuam xyuas: Rau kev qhia meej meej, siv txoj hauv kev xws li X-ray fluorescence (XRF) lossis optical emission spectroscopy (OES) txhawm rau txheeb xyuas cov ntsiab lus alloying (xws li Zn hauv tooj dag, Sn hauv tooj liab, Ni hauv cupronickel) uas tsis muaj tooj liab dawb.

4. Application Scenarios (Indirect Distinction)

Ntshiab tooj liab: Siv nyob rau hauv daim ntawv thov uas yuav tsum tau high conductivity los yog ductility (piv txwv li, hluav taws xob xov hlau / cables, busbars, tshav kub exchangers, hniav qhov chaw).

Copper alloys: Siv thaum txhim kho lub zog, kev tiv thaiv corrosion, lossis cov khoom siv tshwj xeeb xav tau (xws li tooj dag rau li qub / fittings; bronze rau bearings / iav; cupronickel rau marine hardware; beryllium bronze rau springs / hluav taws xob tiv tauj).

Distinguish Ntshiab tooj liab thiab tooj liab Alloys

1. Cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb & tshuaj lom neeg muaj pes tsawg leeg

2. Cov khoom tseem ceeb sib txawv

3. Txoj Kev Qhia Txog Tus Kheej (rau Hauv -Siv Site)

4. Application Scenarios (Indirect Distinction)