1. Q: Dab tsi yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev sib txawv ntawm N02200 (Nickel 200) thiab N02270 (Nickel 270), thiab cov kev sib txawv no txhais li cas rau lawv cov npe thov?
A:Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm N02200 thiab N02270 yog nyob rau hauv lawv cov qib purity thiab kev tswj cov kab ke, uas cuam tshuam rau lawv cov kev coj cwj pwm, kev tiv thaiv corrosion, thiab tsim nyog rau kev ua haujlwm siab -.
N02200 (Nickel 200)yog tus qauv lag luam ntshiab wrought npib tsib xee qib, muaj qhov tsawg kawg nkaus ntawm 99.0% npib tsib xee nrog qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm impurities ntawm 0.15% carbon, 0.40% hlau, 0.35% manganese, 0.35% silicon, 0.25% tooj liab, thiab 0.01% sulfur. Qhov sib xyaw no muab qhov sib npaug zoo ntawm kev tiv thaiv corrosion, ductility, thiab fabricability ntawm tus nqi lag luam. Nws yog qib workhorse rau caustic alkali tuav, khoom noj khoom haus, thiab tshuaj manufacturing uas siab purity tsis yog overriding kev txhawj xeeb.
N02270 (Nickel 270)Raws li qhov sib txawv, sawv cev rau qhov siab tshaj plaws purity uas muaj nickel, nrog cov ntsiab lus npib tsib xee yam tsawg kawg nkaus ntawm 99.97% thiab tshwj xeeb nruj nruj ntawm cov ntsiab lus: carbon Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug rau 0.02%, sulfur Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug rau 0.001%, hlau tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 0.05%, thiab cobalt Tsawg dua 0.0%. Qhov no ultra- siab purity yog ua tiav los ntawm cov txheej txheem carbonyl refining (Mond txheej txheem), uas yields ib cov khoom uas muaj cov yam ntxwv tshwj xeeb nrog rau cov tsis tshua muaj outgassing, tsawg magnetic permeability (feem ntau<1.003), and superior ductility even at cryogenic temperatures.
Daim ntawv thov domains diverge raws li. N02200 tau teev tseg rau cov kav dej hauv kev lag luam uas muaj kev tiv thaiv corrosion thiab tus nqi -kev ua tau zoo yog cov tsav tsheb tseem ceeb- xws li cov evaporators caustic, kev tsim cov xab npum, thiab cov khoom siv hluavtaws. N02270 yog tshwj tseg rau lub hom phiaj- cov ntawv thov tseem ceeb uas cov kab mob tsis tuaj yeem lees txais: semiconductor manufacturing gas distributions, ultra-high-vacuum (UHV) chambers, precision electronic components, and analytical instrumentation. Hauv cov cheeb tsam no, txawm tias qhov chaw -ib -million theem ntawm hlau, cobalt, los yog sulfur tuaj yeem cuam tshuam cov khoom lag luam lossis kev ua haujlwm zoo, ua pov thawj tus nqi tseem ceeb ntawm N02270.
2. Q: Nyob rau hauv siab - qhov kub thiab txias kev pab cuam, dab tsi txawv qhov kev ua tau zoo ntawm N02200 los ntawm qis dua -purity npib tsib xee alloys, thiab dab tsi yog qhov siab tshaj plaws kev nyab xeeb kub rau kev pab cuam?
A:N02200 nthuav tawm tshwj xeeb tiv thaiv rau caustic alkalis (sodium, potassium, thiab calcium hydroxides) thoob plaws txhua qhov chaw thiab qhov kub thiab txias, cov cuab yeej muab tau los ntawm qhov muaj txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm cov nickel ntshiab. Txawm li cas los xij, cov khoom siv cov ntsiab lus carbon imposes ib qho tseem ceeb kub txwv uas yuav tsum tau saib xyuas kom tsis txhob graphitic embrittlement.
Hauv kev pabcuam caustic, N02200 tsim qhov ruaj khov, tus kheej - kho cov yeeb yaj kiab tsis zoo uas tiv taus kev xeb thiab, tshwj xeeb ntawm cov khoom siv hlau, tiv thaiv kev ntxhov siab corrosion tawg (CSCC). Qhov kev sib xyaw ua ke no ua rau nws cov khoom xaiv rau kev tuav cov concentrated sodium hydroxide ntawm qhov kub txog li 315℃(600℃F). Hauv qab no qhov pib, N02200 muab kev pabcuam txhim khu kev qha nrog cov nqi corrosion feem ntau qis dua 0.025 mm / xyoo (1 mpy), ua rau kev pabcuam lub neej ntev tshaj 25 xyoo yam tsis muaj phab ntsa tseem ceeb.
Txawm li cas los xij, thaum N02200 raug kub siab tshaj 315℃(600℃F) rau ncua sij hawm, ib qho tshwm sim hu uagraphitizationtuaj yeem tshwm sim. Cov pa roj carbon supersaturated (txog li 0.15%) precipitates li graphite nodules raws li cov ciam teb. Qhov kev hloov pauv no ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam loj heev uas tshwm sim los ntawm kev txo qis hauv ductility (elongation poob ntawm 40-50% mus rau tsawg dua 5%) thiab cuam tshuam lub zog, tsis muaj qhov pom kev hloov pauv ntawm phab ntsa tuab lossis qhov tsos. Lub kav dej uas zoo li qub tuaj yeem ua tsis tau zoo nyob rau hauv thermal shock lossis mechanical stress.
Rau kev pabcuam siab tshaj 315 degree,N02201 (Nickel 201)- qhov qis- carbon variant nrog siab tshaj 0.02% carbon- tau teev tseg. N02201 khaws tib qhov kev tiv thaiv corrosion li N02200 tab sis tshem tawm txoj kev pheej hmoo ntawm graphitization. Nyob rau hauv kev xyaum, lub luag hauj lwm engineering specifications mandate N02201 rau tej piping system kev khiav hauj lwm saum toj no 300℃nyob rau hauv caustic kev pab cuam, txawm yog hais tias tus tsim kub tsuas yog intermittently nce. Qhov kev saib xyuas no ua kom muaj kev ncaj ncees ntev ntev thiab tshem tawm txoj kev pheej hmoo ntawm embrittlement- cuam tshuam txog kev ua tsis tiav uas tau tshwm sim hauv keeb kwm hauv cov chaw uas N02200 tau siv tsis tau siv nyob rau hauv siab dua -kub concentrators.
3. Q: Dab tsi yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev vuam thiab kev txiav txim siab rau N02200 thiab N02270 piping systems, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog hais txog kev huv, kev xaiv hlau muab tub lim, thiab kev tswj cua sov?
A:Vuam ua lag luam ntshiab npib tsib xee alloys-tshwj xeeb tshaj yog N02200 thiab ultra- siab- purity N02270-yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo saib xyuas kev huv thiab kev tswj cua sov, vim cov ntaub ntawv no zoo heev rau kev sib kis uas yuav ua rau cov hlau tsis muaj steel lossis carbon steel fabrication.
Kev huv huv:Ib qho tseem ceeb tshaj plaws hauv kev vuam nickel alloys yog qhov tsis suav nrog cov khoom paug. Sulfur, lead, phosphorus, thiab qis - melting - cov ntsiab lus hlau yog cov tshuaj embrittling hnyav. Txhua qhov chaw nyob hauv 50 hli ntawm thaj tsam weld yuav tsum tau ua kom huv si uas tsis yog -chlorinated cov kuab tshuaj xws li acetone lossis isopropyl cawv. Cov kuab tshuaj chlorinated raug txwv nruj, vim cov chlorides seem tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev ntxhov siab corrosion tawg tom qab- kev pabcuam. Abrasive cov cuab yeej siv rau cov pa roj carbon lossis stainless hlau yuav tsum mob siab rau kev ua haujlwm nickel kom tiv thaiv kev sib kis -. Rau N02270 nyob rau hauv ultra- siab- daim ntaub ntawv purity, welding feem ntau ua nyob rau hauv ib puag ncig huv si nrog cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb.
Filler hlau xaiv:Rau N02200, qhov sib txuam muab tub lim hlau yogNickel 61 (UNS N9961) CAS TSIS TAU., uas tswj kev sib piv corrosion kuj thiab txhua yam khoom. Rau N02270, lub ultra{2}} siab purity ntawm lub hauv paus hlau precludes kev siv cov pa muab tub lim hlau; autogenous welding (fusion tsis muaj muab tub lim) feem ntau yog ua haujlwm siv precision orbital gas tungsten arc vuam (GTAW / TIG). Hauv kev siv UHV tseem ceeb, vuam yog ua nyob rau hauv cov huab cua tswj kom tsis txhob muaj kev sib kis ntawm huab cua ambient.
Kub input tswj:Nickel alloys muaj cov thermal conductivity qis dua carbon steel thiab ntau dua coefficient ntawm thermal expansion, yuav tsum tau ceev faj thaum tshav kub kub input tswj. Interpass kub yuav tsum tau khaws cia qis dua 150℃(300℃F) kom tsis txhob kub tawg thiab cov qoob loo loj hlob. Preheating feem ntau tsis tas yuav tsum tau, tab sis kev siv cov roj rov qab (argon lossis helium) yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua rau cov hauv paus hla los tiv thaiv oxidation thiab kis kab mob ntawm cov hauv paus hniav. Rau N02270, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tau txo qis kom txuag tau qhov ultra- cov qauv nplej zoo thiab tiv thaiv kev sib cais ntawm impurity.
Tom qab-weld heat treatment (PWHT):Rau N02200, PWHT feem ntau tsis tas yuav tsum tau tshwj tsis yog tias cov khoom tau raug ua haujlwm txias heev. Thaum ua tiav, kev ntxhov siab rau kev ntxhov siab ntawm 595-705℃(1100-1300℃F) yuav tsum tau ua nyob rau hauv qhov chaw tswj tau. Rau N02270, PWHT feem ntau raug zam tag nrho, vim tias lub voj voog thermal tuaj yeem txhawb nqa kev loj hlob ntawm cov nplej thiab muaj peev xwm ua rau cov yam ntxwv ntshiab huv uas ua rau nws xaiv.
4. Q: Hauv kev tsim khoom semiconductor thiab ultra- siab- lub tshuab nqus tsev (UHV), cov khoom dab tsi ua rau N02270 cov khoom nyiam tshaj N02200, thiab cov kev xav tau tshwj xeeb yuav siv li cas?
A:Kev tsim khoom semiconductor thiab ultra- siab- lub tshuab nqus tsev xav tau cov khoom siv uas txo qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev sib kis thiab tswj xyuas cov qauv kev ncaj ncees nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej hnyav. N02270 yog cov khoom siv zoo tshaj plaws rau cov ntawv thov no vim nws qhov tshwj xeeb purity thiab cov khoom siv lub cev tshwj xeeb, thaum N02200 feem ntau tsis tsim nyog rau cov kev pabcuam xav tau.
Outgassing kev ua haujlwm:N02270 nthuav tawm cov nqi qis tshaj tawm vim nws cov ntsiab lus tsawg kawg nkaus. Nyob rau hauv UHV systems, outgassing ntawm hydrogen, dej vapor, thiab hydrocarbons los ntawm lub chamber phab ntsa thiab cov kav dej sab hauv tuaj yeem cuam tshuam lub tshuab nqus tsev zoo thiab txuas ntxiv twj tso kua mis - lub sijhawm poob. Lub ultra- tsis tshua muaj leej faj thiab cov ntsiab lus carbon ntawm N02270 (sulfur Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 0.001%, carbon Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 0.02%) ua rau cov nqi tawm ntawm qhov kev txiav txim siab qis dua li tus qauv N02200, ua kom muaj kev siab siab hauv 10⁻¹⁰ txheej txheem txheej txheem rau cov txheej txheem semiconductor.
Sib nqus permeability:N02270 muaj qhov tsis tshua muaj hlau nplaum permeability (feem ntau<1.003), which is essential for applications sensitive to magnetic interference. In electron beam lithography, magnetic resonance systems, and certain analytical instruments, even minor magnetic fields can distort electron trajectories or compromise measurements. N02200, with its higher trace element content, exhibits slightly higher permeability that can be problematic in these applications.
Cov kev xav tau tshwj xeeb ntawm kev yuav khoom:Rau N02270 seamless yeeb nkab nyob rau hauv semiconductor daim ntaub ntawv, procurement specifications feem ntau mandate:
Electropolished sab hauvua tiav roughness (Ra) Tsawg dua los yog sib npaug rau 0.25 µm (10 µin) kom txo tau cov particle entrapment thiab txo qhov chaw nto rau outgassing
Ua raws li SEMI F57(ultra- cov qauv dej ntshiab thiab tshuaj lom neeg faib khoom) lossis sib npaug kev lag luam specifications
Kev ntim khoom huvnrog tus kheej ob npaug - hnab ntim khoom thiab ntawv pov thawj ntawm hydrocarbon - mob dawb
EN 10204 Hom 3.2 ntawv pov thawjnrog rau kev soj ntsuam tag nrho, kev txheeb xyuas kev huv huv, thiab kev txheeb xyuas cov khoom zoo (PMI) ntawm txhua lub kav dej ntev
N02200, thaum muaj nyob rau hauv pickled thiab passivated tiav, tsis muaj ultra- kab purity thiab tshwj xeeb nto kev kho mob yuav tsum tau rau cov ntawv thov no. Tus nqi tseem ceeb ntawm N02270-feem ntau yog 3 mus rau 5 npaug ntawm N02200-yog qhov tseeb los ntawm kev zam ntawm kev poob tawm uas tuaj yeem ua rau ntau lab nyiaj daus las rau ib qho kev kis kab mob hauv semiconductor fabrication.
5. Q: Xav txog tag nrho cov nqi ntawm lub neej (LCC) rau cov kev pabcuam corrosive, N02200 thiab N02270 piv li kev lag luam li cas, thiab dab tsi cuam tshuam rau kev xaiv cov qib siab dua - purity?
A:Qhov kev txiav txim siab nyiaj txiag rau kev xaiv N02200 piv rau N02270 yuav tsum muaj kev txheeb xyuas tus nqi ntawm lub neej zoo uas suav nrog cov nqi khoom pib, cov nqi tsim khoom, kev saib xyuas, kev pheej hmoo txo qis, thiab kev cia siab rau lub neej. Ob qib no ua haujlwm rau cov lag luam sib txawv, thiab lawv cov kev xaiv feem ntau yog txiav txim siab los ntawm kev ua tau zoo dua li kev ua kom zoo dua tus nqi.
N02200 lifecycle economics:N02200 sawv cev rau lub hauv paus kev lag luam ntshiab nickel qib nrog tus nqi zoo tshaj plaws. Nws cov khoom siv thawj zaug yog qis dua N02270, thiab cov nqi tsim khoom yog nruab nrab vim tsim cov txheej txheem vuam thiab muaj ntau dua. Hauv cov ntawv thov kev lag luam txheej txheem-xws li cov kab hluav taws xob hloov pauv ntawm qhov kub nruab nrab (hauv qab 300 degree), cov khoom siv ua zaub mov, thiab cov khoom siv tshuaj reactor cov hlab ntsha-N02200 muab cov txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm kev nqis peev. Tshaj li 20 xyoo kev pab cuam lub neej, kom tau teev tseg N02200 tshuab feem ntau xav tau kev saib xyuas tsawg, nrog rau kev tiv thaiv corrosion ua rau hauv qhov pib tsim. Tag nrho cov nqi ntawm lub neej nyob rau hauv cov ntawv thov no yog qis dua li lwm yam khoom siv, suav nrog cov hlau tsis muaj steel, thaum muaj kev tiv thaiv corrosion thiab cov nqi hloov pauv.
N02270 lifecycle economics:N02270 hais kom them nyiaj ntau heev -feem ntau yog 3 txog 5 npaug ntawm tus nqi ntawm N02200- thiab cov nqi tsim khoom tau nce siab vim cov txheej txheem vuam tshwj xeeb, kev sib dhos hauv chav huv, thiab kev ruaj ntseg zoo. Txawm li cas los xij, hauv nws daim ntawv thov npaj, tus nqi ntawm N02270 tsis raug ntsuas tawm tsam N02200 tab sis tawm tsam qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov khoom raug cuam tshuam los yog tsis ua haujlwm.
Hauv kev tsim khoom semiconductor, ib qho kev kis kab mob los ntawm cov kab hlau tawm tuaj yeem ua rau cov txiaj ntsig raug nqi ntau lab daus las, ua rau kev puas tsuaj ntev -cov neeg siv khoom sib raug zoo, thiab ua rau muaj txiaj ntsig zoo. Rau ultra- siab- lub tshuab nqus tsev siv hauv kev tshawb fawb thiab kev ntsuas ntsuas, lwm txoj hauv kev rau N02270- siv qis dua - cov ntaub ntawv purity- feem ntau ua rau lub sij hawm twj tso kua mis ntev dua, kev tu ntau dua, thiab kev ntsuas qhov tseeb, ua rau ntau dua tag nrho cov nqi ntawm kev ua tswv cuab ntawm lub neej.
Risk-raws li kev xaiv:Kev xaiv ntawm N02200 thiab N02270 yuav tsum ua raws li kev pheej hmoo -raws li txoj hauv kev:
N02200rau kev lag luam chemical ua, kev tuav caustic, khoom noj khoom haus thiab dej haus, thiab kev xeb dav dav -cov ntaub ntawv tiv thaiv qhov twg ultra- tsis tas yuav muaj purity siab
N02270rau semiconductor gas tis, UHV chambers, electron beam khoom, magnetic resonance systems, thiab txhua daim ntawv thov qhov twg qhov chaw -ib - lab - theem tsis tuaj yeem zam tsis tau
Txoj kev sib tw no ua kom ntseeg tau tias cov nqi khoom siv tau ua raws li cov kev xav tau ntawm kev ua haujlwm, ua kom muaj txiaj ntsig tag nrho ntawm lub neej. Rau cov ntawv thov uas nce siab - qhov kub thiab txias yuav tsum tau (siab dua 315 degree) tab sis ultra- siab purity tsis yog,N02201 (Nickel 201)muab tus nqi -kev daws teeb meem nruab nrab, muab cov graphitization tsis kam ntawm qib qis -carbon yam tsis muaj tus nqi them nqi ntawm N02270.
