1. Q: Dab tsi yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev sib xyaw ua ke thiab cov khoom siv hlau sib txawv ntawm Nickel 200, Nickel 201, thiab Nickel 270, thiab cov kev sib txawv no txhais li cas rau lawv lub hnab ntawv thov?
A:Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm peb qhov kev lag luam ntshiab nickel alloys nyob rau hauv lawv cov ntsiab lus carbon thiab tag nrho cov purity theem, uas cuam tshuam rau lawv cov kev coj cwj pwm, kev tiv thaiv corrosion, thiab tsim nyog rau cov kev pabcuam tshwj xeeb.
Nickel 200 (UNS N02200) Cov khoom sivyog tus qauv lag luam ntshiab wrought npib tsib xee qib, muaj qhov tsawg kawg nkaus ntawm 99.0% npib tsib xee nrog cov ntsiab lus carbon tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 0.15%. Nws nthuav tawm cov kev tiv thaiv corrosion zoo heev hauv kev txo qis ib puag ncig thiab caustic alkalis, tab sis nws cov ntsiab lus carbon ua rau nws raug rau embrittlement thaum raug kub ntawm 315℃thiab 650℃(600℃F thiab 1200℃F). Hauv qhov ntsuas kub no, graphitization tuaj yeem tshwm sim, qhov twg cov pa roj carbon precipitates li graphite ntawm cov ciam teb, ua rau poob ntawm ductility thiab cuam tshuam lub zog.
Nickel 201 (UNS N02201) Cov khoom sivtau tsim tshwj xeeb los hais txog qhov siab -kub embrittlement txwv ntawm Nickel 200. Nws tuav tib yam tsawg kawg nkaus nickel cov ntsiab lus (99.0%) tab sis nta nruj tswj cov pa roj carbon tsawg tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 0.02%. Qhov kev txo qis hauv cov pa roj carbon zoo li no tshem tawm graphitization, ua rau Nickel 201 yuav siv tau zoo ntawm qhov kub siab txog li 315℃(600℃F) rau kev pab cuam, nrog kev sib tshuam tuaj yeem ncav cuag 425℃(800℃F). Tshaj li qhov sib txawv ntawm cov pa roj carbon monoxide, ob qib muaj ze li qhov zoo tib yam corrosion kuj thiab txhua yam khoom ntawm qhov kub thiab txias. Rau cov kav dej ua haujlwm siab tshaj 300℃-xws li cov kab hluav taws xob superheated lossis siab -kub caustic circuits-Nickel 201 yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua los tiv thaiv graphitic embrittlement.
Nickel 270 (UNS N02270) CAS TSIS TAU.sawv cev rau lub siab tshaj plaws purity uas muaj nickel, nrog tsawg kawg nkaus nickel cov ntsiab lus ntawm 99.97% thiab tshwj xeeb nruj txwv nyob rau hauv ib txoj lw ntsiab xws li carbon (tsawg tshaj los yog sib npaug rau 0.02%), sulfur (tsawg dua los yog sib npaug rau 0.001%), thiab hlau (tsawg dua los yog sib npaug rau 0.05%). Qhov no ultra- qib purity siab yog tsim los ntawm carbonyl refining, uas ua rau cov khoom uas muaj superior ductility, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tsis tshua muaj outgassing yam ntxwv, thiab tsawg heev sib nqus permeability. Nickel 270 feem ntau tsis yog siv rau cov kav dej dav dav vim nws tus nqi siab, tab sis yog rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tseem ceeb, ultra- siab- lub tshuab nqus tsev (UHV), cov khoom siv hluav taws xob semiconductor, thiab cov cuab yeej ntsuas qhov tseeb qhov twg cov kab mob kis tau los ntawm cov ntsiab lus tsis tuaj yeem lees txais.
2. Q: Nyob rau hauv siab -cov ntawv thov kev pabcuam kub kub, xws li chlor-alkali evaporators thiab concentrators, vim li cas Nickel 201 tau teev tseg tshaj Nickel 200, thiab cov txheej txheem tsis ua haujlwm tshwj xeeb no puas txo qis?
A:Nyob rau hauv siab -kub caustic kev pab cuam, kev xaiv ntawm Nickel 200 thiab Nickel 201 yog tswj los ntawm kev pheej hmoo ntawm graphitic embrittlement, ib tug tsis ua hauj lwm mechanism uas yog feem ntau to taub yuam kev tab sis tseem ceeb heev nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem kev nyab xeeb thiab cov khoom vaj khoom tsev tswj kev ncaj ncees.
Chlor-alkali nroj tsuag feem ntau ua hauj lwm caustic evaporators thiab concentrators ntawm kub xws li ntawm 120℃mus rau 150℃(250℃F txog 300℃F), nrog rau ib co txheej txheem mus txog 400℃(750℃F) nyob rau hauv zaum kawg concentrators. Thaum ob qho tib si Nickel 200 thiab Nickel 201 pom zoo heev corrosion kuj nyob rau hauv caustic soda thoob plaws tag nrho cov concentrations thiab kub, qhov kev pab cuam kub dictates qhov tsim nyog qib xaiv.
Nickel 200, nrog nws cov ntsiab lus carbon txog 0.15%, ua rau raug mobgraphitizationthaum raug kub siab tshaj 315℃(600℃F) rau ncua sij hawm. Thaum lub sij hawm graphitization, cov supersaturated carbon nyob rau hauv cov nickel matrix precipitates li graphite nodules nyob rau hauv grain ciam teb. Qhov kev hloov pauv no ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam loj heev, uas tshwm sim los ntawm kev txo qis hauv elongation (los ntawm 40-50% mus rau tsawg dua 5%) thiab cuam tshuam lub zog, tsis muaj kev hloov pauv ntawm qhov pom lossis phab ntsa tuab. Lub kav dej uas zoo li qub tuaj yeem ua tsis tau zoo nyob rau hauv thermal shock lossis mechanical stress.
Nickel 201, nrog nws cov ntsiab lus siab tshaj plaws ntawm 0.02%, tshem tawm qhov kev pheej hmoo no tag nrho. Cov ntsiab lus qis carbon tiv thaiv kev tsim ntawm graphite precipitates txawm tias lub sijhawm ntev raug rau qhov kub siab uas tau ntsib hauv kev pabcuam caustic concentration. Vim li no, tag nrho ASME Boiler thiab Pressure Vessel Code (Section VIII) kev tsim kho rau cov kev pabcuam caustic saum 300℃yuav tsum tau nickel 201. Ib yam li ntawd, NACE MR0175/ISO 15156 cov lus qhia rau kev pabcuam qaub ntawm qhov kub siab qhia txog Nickel 201 thaum kev lag luam ntshiab nickel raug xaiv.
Kev cuam tshuam txog kev lag luam yog qhov tseem ceeb: thaum Nickel 201 hais kom tus nqi qis tshaj Nickel 200, kev zam ntawm kev puas tsuaj rau kev puas tsuaj, kev kaw tsis tau, thiab qhov xwm txheej kev nyab xeeb ua pov thawj nws qhov yuav tsum tau ua rau cov kav dej ua haujlwm siab tshaj 315℃hauv kev pabcuam caustic.
3. Q: Dab tsi yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev tsim thiab vuam kev txiav txim siab tshwj xeeb rau Nickel 201 thiab Nickel 270, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog hais txog kev huv huv, kev tswj cov cua sov, thiab tom qab- vuam cov kev kho cua sov?
A:Fabrication thiab vuam ntawm siab -purity npib tsib xee alloys-tshwj xeeb yog Nickel 201 thiab Nickel 270-yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo saib xyuas kev huv thiab kev tswj xyuas thermal, vim tias cov ntaub ntawv no zoo heev rau kev sib kis thiab thermal puas.
Cov kev cai huv huv:Ib qho tseem ceeb tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv vuam kev lag luam ntshiab npib tsib xee alloys yog qhov tsis suav nrog cov kab mob. Sulfur, lead, phosphorus, thiab qis - melting - cov ntsiab lus hlau yog cov tshuaj embrittling hnyav. Txhua qhov chaw nyob hauv 50 hli ntawm thaj tsam weld yuav tsum tau ua kom huv si uas tsis yog -chlorinated cov kuab tshuaj xws li acetone lossis isopropyl cawv. Cov kuab tshuaj chlorinated raug txwv nruj, vim cov chlorides seem tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev ntxhov siab corrosion tawg tom qab- kev pabcuam. Abrasive cov cuab yeej siv rau cov pa roj carbon lossis stainless hlau yuav tsum mob siab rau kev ua haujlwm nickel kom tiv thaiv kev sib kis -. Rau Nickel 270 nyob rau hauv ultra- siab- daim ntaub ntawv purity, welding feem ntau ua nyob rau hauv ib puag ncig huv si nrog cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb los tswj cov khoom purity.
Kub input tswj:Nickel alloys muaj cov thermal conductivity qis dua carbon steel thiab ntau dua coefficient ntawm thermal expansion, yuav tsum tau ceev faj thaum tshav kub kub input tswj. Interpass kub yuav tsum tau khaws cia qis dua 150℃(300℃F) kom tsis txhob kub tawg thiab cov qoob loo loj hlob. Preheating feem ntau tsis tas yuav tsum tau, tab sis kev siv cov roj rov qab (argon lossis helium) yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua rau cov hauv paus hla los tiv thaiv oxidation thiab kis kab mob ntawm cov hauv paus hniav. Rau npib tsib xee 270, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob txo qis kom txuag tau qhov ultra- cov qauv nplej zoo thiab tiv thaiv kev sib cais ntawm impurity.
Filler hlau xaiv:Rau Nickel 201, qhov sib txuam muab tub lim hlau yogNickel 61 (UNS N9961) CAS TSIS TAU., uas tswj kev sib piv corrosion kuj thiab txhua yam khoom. Rau Nickel 270, lub ultra{2}} siab purity ntawm lub hauv paus hlau precludes kev siv cov pa muab tub lim hlau; autogenous vuam (fusion tsis muaj muab tub lim) feem ntau yog ua haujlwm siv precision orbital GTAW (gas tungsten arc vuam) cov cuab yeej. Hauv kev siv UHV tseem ceeb, vuam yog ua nyob rau hauv cov huab cua tswj kom tsis txhob muaj kev sib kis.
Tom qab-weld heat treatment (PWHT):Rau Nickel 201, PWHT feem ntau tsis tas yuav tsum tau tshwj tsis yog cov khoom siv tau raug ua haujlwm txias txias lossis yog tias muaj kev ntxhov siab yog tsim nyog rau kev ruaj ntseg. Thaum ua tiav, kev ntxhov siab annealing ntawm 595-705℃(1100-1300℃F) yuav tsum tau ua nyob rau hauv qhov chaw tswj kom tsis txhob oxidation. Rau Nickel 270, PWHT feem ntau yog zam tag nrho, vim tias cov voj voog thermal tuaj yeem txhawb kev loj hlob ntawm cov nplej thiab muaj feem cuam tshuam rau ultra- cov yam ntxwv ntshiab uas ua rau nws xaiv.
4. Q: Nyob rau hauv ultra-siab-purity (UHP) thiab semiconductor manufacturing applications, dab tsi txawv ntawm Nickel 270 los ntawm Nickel 201, thiab dab tsi tshwj xeeb kev yuav khoom, nto tiav, thiab kev huv huv?
A:Ultra-high-purity (UHP) daim ntawv thov-xws li kev tsim khoom siv hluav taws xob, kev tsim tshuaj, thiab siab- tshuab nqus tsev- xav tau cov ntaub ntawv uas txo qis kev pheej hmoo kis kab mob. Nickel 270 yog cov khoom siv zoo tshaj plaws rau cov cheeb tsam no, thaum Nickel 201 ua haujlwm hauv cov ntawv thov tsawg dua qhov twg siab - kub kub kuj tseem yog qhov tseem ceeb.
Nickel 270 (99.97% npib tsib xee yam tsawg kawg nkaus)muaj ntau yam tseem ceeb hauv kev pabcuam UHP. Nws tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov ntsiab lus tsis tshua muaj nyob hauv cov ntsiab lus -tshwj xeeb yog leej faj, phosphorus, thiab carbon- ua rau muaj kev tawm paug tsawg heev nyob rau hauv lub tshuab nqus tsev, qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob semiconductor thiab kev ntsuas ntsuas. Tsis tas li ntawd, Nickel 270 nthuav tawm tsis tshua muaj hlau nplaum permeability (feem ntau<1.005), which is essential for applications sensitive to magnetic interference, such as electron beam equipment and magnetic resonance systems.
Cov kev xav tau ntawm qhov chaw tiav:Rau cov ntawv thov UHP, Nickel 270 seamless yeeb nkab feem ntau teev nrogelectropolishedsab hauv. Electropolishing tshem tawm cov amorphous txheej (Beilby txheej) tsim thaum lub sij hawm ua tshuab, nthuav tawm ib tug ntshiab, passive npib tsib xee nto nrog ib tug roughness (Ra) tsawg dua los yog sib npaug zos rau 0.25 µm (10 µin). Qhov no ua tiav minimizes particle entrapment, txo qhov chaw nto rau outgassing, thiab muab superior cleanability.
Kev huv huv thiab ntim khoom:Kev yuav khoom tshwj xeeb rau Nickel 270 feem ntau ua raws li txoj caiSIB F57(ultra- dej ntshiab thiab tshuaj lom neeg faib cov qauv) lossisASTM G 93Qib C (qhov tseem ceeb tu). Txhua lub yeeb nkab ntev dhau los ua ntau lub voj voog tu- suav nrog cov kuab tshuaj degreasing, ntxuav ultrasonic hauv dej deionized, thiab zaum kawg yaug nrog ultra- dej ntshiab- ua ntej tus kheej ob npaug - ntim hauv ib puag ncig huv. Traceability yuav tsum tauEN 10204 Hom 3.2ntawv pov thawj nrog tag nrho cov kev soj ntsuam yaj, cov ncauj lus kom ntxaws kev huv huv, thiab tsis yog -cov ntaub ntawv ntsuam xyuas puas tsuaj.
Nickel 201, thaum tseem muaj nyob rau hauv pickled thiab passished tiav, feem ntau tsis tau teev tseg rau feem ntau xav tau UHP daim ntawv thov vim nws cov kab ntau dua cov ntsiab lus thiab muaj peev xwm rau outgassing. Hloov chaw, Nickel 201 ua haujlwm nyob rau hauv cov ntawv thov uas siab -purity yog qhov xav tau tab sis tsis tseem ceeb- xws li kev ua tshuaj uas caustic tsis kam yog thawj tus tsav tsheb, lossis hauv cov tshuaj tshwj xeeb hloov cov kab uas muaj kev tiv thaiv corrosion thiab nce siab - qhov kub thiab txias yog xav tau yam tsis muaj ultra- taug kev ntawm cov khoom siv purity.
5. Q: Xav txog tag nrho cov nqi ntawm lub neej (LCC) thiab cov tswv yim xaiv cov khoom siv rau ib puag ncig corrosive hnyav, Nickel 200, Nickel 201, thiab Nickel 270 piv li cas ntawm kev lag luam, thiab dab tsi cuam tshuam rau cov nqi them nqi tseem ceeb cuam tshuam nrog qib siab dua - purity?
A:Qhov kev txiav txim siab nyiaj txiag rau kev xaiv cov qib siab dua -nickel purity nickel-tshwj xeeb yog Nickel 201 thiab Nickel 270-yuav tsum muaj kev txheeb xyuas cov nqi ntawm lub neej uas tsis yog tsuas yog cov nqi pib xwb tab sis kuj tseem tsim khoom, kev saib xyuas, kev pheej hmoo txo qis, thiab kev pabcuam lub neej.
Thawj tus nqi khoom hierarchy:Nickel 200 sawv cev rau lub hauv paus kev lag luam ntshiab nickel qib nrog tus nqi qis tshaj. Nickel 201 feem ntau hais kom tus nqi ntawm 15-25% tshaj Nickel 200 vim tias muaj kev tswj hwm cov pa roj carbon ntau dua thiab cov kev coj ua tshwj xeeb uas xav tau. Nickel 270, tsim los ntawm carbonyl refining, tuaj yeem raug nqi 3 mus rau 5 npaug ntau dua Nickel 200, qhia txog cov txheej txheem ua kom zoo dua qub thiab qhov tshwj xeeb nruj impurity txwv.
Lifecycle nqi justification rau Nickel 201:Nyob rau hauv siab -kub caustic kev pab cuam (tshaj 315 degree), Nickel 200 tsuas yog siv tsis tau vim muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm graphitic embrittlement. Kev xaiv ntawm Nickel 201 tsis yog ib qho kev ua kom zoo tshaj plaws tab sis yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua kom muaj kev nyab xeeb, txhim khu kev qha. Tshaj li 20-xyoo lub neej khoom vaj khoom tsev, tus nqi nce ntxiv ntawm Nickel 201 tshaj Nickel 200 yog qhov tsis txaus ntseeg piv rau tus nqi puas tsuaj ntawm kev ua tsis tiav- suav nrog cov khoom lag luam poob qis (feem ntau tshaj $ 100,000 toj ib hnub hauv chlor-alkali nroj tsuag), hloov khoom siv, kev soj ntsuam kev nyab xeeb, thiab muaj peev xwm. Hauv cov ntawv thov no, Nickel 201 xa cov nqi qis tshaj plaws ntawm lub neej los ntawm kev tsim txiaj ntawm qhov tsuas yog cov khoom siv tau.
Lifecycle nqi justification rau Nickel 270:Rau kev siv UHP thiab semiconductor, kev suav nyiaj txiag txawv. Tus nqi pib ntawm Nickel 270 piping yog qhov tseem ceeb, tab sis qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev sib kis yog qhov hnyav dua. Hauv kev tsim cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, ib qho kev kis kab mob los ntawm cov kab hlau tawm tuaj yeem ua rau cov txiaj ntsig poob ntau lab daus las thiab ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj mus ntev - kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov neeg siv khoom. Tsis tas li ntawd, electropolished nto tiav thiab ultra-kev huv siab ntawm Nickel 270 tshuab txuas ntxiv cov khoom siv los ntawm kev txo cov khoom tsim thiab txo qhov zaus ntawm kev tu lub voj voog. Rau cov txheej txheem UHV tseem ceeb, lwm txoj hauv kev rau Nickel 270- siv cov khoom siv qis dua - purity thiab txais kev saib xyuas ntau dua-feem ntau ua rau muaj nqi ntau dua ntawm cov tswv cuab thaum lub sij hawm poob thiab cov txiaj ntsig poob.
Fabrication nqi kev txiav txim siab:Thaum Nickel 270 hais kom tus nqi tseem ceeb, nws cov nqi tsim khoom kuj tau nce siab vim qhov yuav tsum tau ua rau cov txheej txheem vuam tshwj xeeb, kev sib dhos chav huv, thiab kev ruaj ntseg zoo. Txawm li cas los xij, cov nqi no feem ntau raug txiav tawm ntawm lub neej ua haujlwm txuas ntxiv thiab txo cov kev xav tau ntawm kev saib xyuas tus yam ntxwv ntawm cov txheej txheem siab zoo siab - purity npib tsib xee.
Strategic Selective Guideline:Kev xaiv ntawm Nickel 200, Nickel 201, thiab Nickel 270 yuav tsum ua raws li kev pheej hmoo -raws li txoj hauv kev: Nickel 200 rau ambient mus rau nruab nrab kub kub caustic thiab txo cov kua qaub qhov chaw carbon embrittlement tsis muaj kev txhawj xeeb; Nickel 201 rau ib qho kev pabcuam siab tshaj 300℃lossis qhov kev cia siab ntawm qhov ntsuas kub siab; thiab Nickel 270 rau UHP, UHV, thiab semiconductor daim ntaub ntawv uas cov kab paug tsis tuaj yeem lees txais thiab yuav tsum muaj qhov siab tshaj plaws purity. Txoj kev sib tw no ua kom ntseeg tau tias cov nqi khoom siv tau ua raws li cov kev xav tau ntawm kev ua haujlwm, ua kom muaj txiaj ntsig tag nrho ntawm lub neej.
