1. Dab tsi yog qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm N4, N6, Ni200, thiab Ni201 ntshiab npib tsib xee alloys, thiab cov kev sib txawv no txhais li cas rau lawv cov ntawv thov kev lag luam?
Ntshiab nickel alloys, sawv cev los ntawm cov npe xws li N4, N6, Ni200, thiab Ni201, yog qhov tseem ceeb rau lawv qhov tshwj xeeb corrosion tsis kam, siab thermal thiab hluav taws xob conductivity, thiab cov khoom sib nqus. Thawj qhov sib txawv yog nyob rau hauv lawv cov ntsiab lus carbon thiab, yog li ntawd, lawv cov kev pab cuam qhov kub thiab txias.
Nickel 200 / UNS N02200 / Alloy 200 (analogous rau N4 ~ N6): Qhov no yog kev lag luam ntshiab wrought npib tsib xee (Ntau dua lossis sib npaug rau 99.0% Ni). Nws muaj cov ntsiab lus siab tshaj plaws ntawm 0.15%. Thaum muab cov khoom zoo heev thiab kev tiv thaiv corrosion ntawm chav tsev kub, nws cov ntsiab lus carbon ntau dua tuaj yeem ua rau nag lossis daus ntawm graphite ntawm qhov kub ntawm 425℃thiab 650 degree, ua rau embrittlement. Yog li, Ni200 feem ntau yog siv rau cov ntawv thov ntawm lossis qis dua 315℃(600℃F). Cov khoom siv feem ntau suav nrog cov khoom siv tshuaj ua rau caustic alkalis, khoom noj khoom haus, cov khoom siv hauv dej hiav txwv, thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob / hluav taws xob.
Nickel 201 / UNS N02201 / Alloy 201 (analogous mus rau siab dua- purity N4 ~ N6 qib): Qhov no yog qis- carbon version ntawm Nickel 200, nrog rau cov ntsiab lus siab tshaj ntawm 0.02%. Qhov sib txawv me me tab sis tseem ceeb no tso cai rau Ni201 siv rau hauv siab - daim ntawv thov kub txog 600℃(1112℃F) yam tsis muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm graphite embrittlement. Nws yog qhov kev xaiv zoo tshaj plaws rau cov kev pabcuam kub siab xws li cov lauj kaub caustic evaporation, aerospace thiab tiv thaiv Cheebtsam, siab -kub nuclear reactor systems, thiab crucibles rau molten iav tuav.
N4 thiab N6 (Suav GB / T tus qauv qib): Cov no yog Suav cov npe rau npib tsib xee ntshiab. N4 (Ntau dua lossis sib npaug li 99.9% Ni) sawv cev siab heev -nickel purity, feem ntau siv hauv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob siab, sputtering lub hom phiaj, thiab kev siv tshuaj tshwj xeeb uas qhov purity kawg yog qhov tseem ceeb. N6 (Ntau dua lossis sib npaug rau 99.5% Ni) yog cov khoom lag luam ntau dua cov ntshiab nickel qib, ncaj qha piv rau Ni200 / Ni201 raws li kev siv dav dav, thiab nws qhov tsim nyog rau qhov kub thiab txias yog nyob ntawm nws cov ntsiab lus tshwj xeeb tswj cov pa roj carbon.
Hauv cov ntsiab lus: Xaiv Ni200 / N6 (tus qauv carbon) rau kev pabcuam corrosive ntawm qhov kub thiab txias. Xaiv Ni201/N6 (tsawg-carbon) rau cov kev pabcuam zoo ib yam uas muaj qhov kub thiab txias. Qhia meej N4-qib cov khoom siv rau ultra-high-purity yuav tsum.
2. Vim li cas cov npib tsib xee ntshiab yog cov khoom siv xaiv los tuav cov alkalis thiab txo cov tshuaj, thiab nws cov kev txwv yog dab tsi?
Ntshiab npib tsib xee nthuav tawm zoo heev tiv thaiv corrosion nyob rau hauv ntau qhov chaw, tab sis nws qhov kev ua tau zoo yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv ob qhov chaw:
Caustic Alkalis (Sodium / Potassium Hydroxide): Nickel yog ib qho ntawm cov hlau resistant tshaj plaws rau kub, concentrated caustic daws. Nws tsim ib qho ruaj khov, tiv thaiv oxide zaj duab xis uas tiv thaiv kev tawm tsam ntxiv. Qhov no ua rau Ni200/Ni201 cov khoom siv rau kev tsim cov evaporators caustic, cov hlab ntsha cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, hloov cov kav dej, thiab fittings hauv chlor-alkali kev lag luam. Nws kuj tseem siv tau thoob plaws ntau qhov ntau thiab qhov kub thiab txias, deb tshaj ntawm cov hlau tsis muaj steel.
Txo cov tshuaj lom neeg: Tsis zoo li cov hlau tsis muaj hlau, uas tso siab rau cov yeeb yaj kiab chromium oxide uas tuaj yeem tawg hauv qis -oxygen lossis txo cov xwm txheej (xws li hydrochloric, sulfuric acids), nickel's oxide zaj duab xis yog ruaj khov dua nyob rau hauv ib puag ncig zoo li no. Nws qhia tau hais tias muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau cov kev daws teeb meem nruab nrab thiab alkaline ntsev, dilute hydrochloric acid, thiab cov pa qhuav xws li chlorine thiab hydrogen chloride ntawm chav tsev kub.
Cov kev txwv tseem ceeb: Ntshiab npib tsib xee tsis zoo rau oxidizing ib puag ncig thiab acids. Nws raug tawm tsam sai los ntawm oxidizing acids zoo li nitric acid thiab los ntawm kev daws teeb meem uas muaj oxidizing ntsev (xws li, ferric lossis cupric chlorides). Nws tseem muaj kev cuam tshuam rau kev ntxhov siab corrosion cracking nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm noo ammonia thiab amines. Yog li ntawd, kev xaiv cov khoom siv yuav tsum ua tib zoo xav txog cov hom tshuaj tshwj xeeb, concentration, kub, thiab aeration tam sim no hauv cov txheej txheem.
3. Yuav ua li cas "Lub Hoobkas Nqe" rau cov ntshiab nickel bar fluctuate, thiab dab tsi yog tus nqi tsav tsheb?
Lub Hoobkas nqi rau ntshiab nickel bar yog notoriously volatile thiab yog fundamentally tsav los ntawm:
London Hlau Txauv (LME) Nickel Nyiaj Ntsuab Nqe: Qhov no yog ib qho tseem ceeb tshaj plaws. Tus nqi ntawm cov npib tsib xee ntshiab yog feem ntau hais tias "LME Nickel Nqe + tus nqi ua haujlwm." Tus nqi them rau cov nqi melting, refining rau cov qib tshwj xeeb (N4, N6, thiab lwm yam), casting, forging los yog dov rau hauv bar, kho cua sov, xov, thiab cov chaw tsim khoom cov paj. Thaum LME cov nqi npib tsib xee nce siab lossis poob qis vim yog kev lag luam macroeconomic lossis kev kwv yees, cov nqi Hoobkas ua raws.
Raw Material Premiums: Tus nqi ntawm kev nrhiav khoom siab -purity cathode npib tsib xee (thawj cov khoom siv raw) tuaj yeem sib txawv. Cov nqi them rau cov ntawv tshwj xeeb (xws li pellets vs. cathodes) lossis cov hauv paus ntsiab lus ntxiv tus nqi.
Cov nqi tsim khoom: Lub zog (hluav taws xob rau melting, roj rau cua sov), kev ua haujlwm, thiab cov nqi thauj khoom ncaj qha cuam tshuam rau cov nqi ua haujlwm. Geopolitical yam thiab cov kev cai ib puag ncig hauv lub tebchaws tsim khoom (xws li Tuam Tshoj, Russia, Canada, Norway) tuaj yeem cuam tshuam cov nqi no.
Order Specifications: Cov yam ntxwv uas ua rau kev tsim khoom nyuaj yuav nce tus nqi:
Qib: Siab purity (N4 vs. N6) hais kom tus nqi siab dua.
Dimensions: Cov kab uas loj heev los yog nruj heev txoj kab uas hla tolerance raug nqi ntau dua.
Qhov xwm txheej: Annealed, tig, polished, los yog precision- cov pas nrig hauv av yog kim dua dub -kub- dov bar.
Muaj nuj nqis: Kev txiav txim loj loj, ib txwm muaj feem xyuam nrog tus nqi qis dua me me, ib qho - tawm kev yuav khoom.
4. Hauv daim ntawv thov kev lag luam tshwj xeeb dab tsi yog siab -purity nickel tuav (xws li N4 qib) tseem ceeb heev?
Tshaj li kev tiv thaiv corrosion dav dav, cov khoom tshwj xeeb ntawm siab -purity nickel tuav ua rau lawv tsis muaj qhov tseem ceeb hauv high-tech fields:
Aerospace thiab Kev Tiv Thaiv: Siv rau hauv cov khoom tseem ceeb ntawm lub cav, turbine seals, thiab siab - kev ntseeg siab fasteners qhov kev ua tau zoo ib yam nyob rau hauv kev ntxhov siab thiab qhov kub thiab txias tsis yog - sib tham. High purity ua kom paub tseeb tias tus cwj pwm metallurgical.
Electronics thiab Semiconductor Manufacturing: Ultra- siab- purity npib tsib xee (N4 qib) yog siv rau sputtering lub hom phiaj nyob rau hauv lub cev vapor deposition (PVD). Cov impurities tuaj yeem ua rau muaj qhov tsis xws luag hauv cov yeeb yaj kiab nyias tso rau ntawm silicon wafers lossis cov ntxaij vab tshaus. Nws kuj tseem siv rau cov khoom siv lead ua, transistors, thiab lub tshuab nqus tsev twj.
Nuclear Zog: Nickel 201 tau teev nyob rau hauv lub tshuab hluav taws xob nuclear vim nws qhov tsis tshua muaj thermal neutron absorption cross-section, siab - qhov kub thiab txias, thiab corrosion kuj nyob rau hauv siab - purity dej thiab molten fluoride ntsev (nyob rau hauv ib co Generation IV reactor designs).
Advanced Hydrogen thiab Zog Systems: Ntshiab npib tsib xee yog cov khoom tseem ceeb hauv electrodes rau alkaline roj hlwb thiab dej electrolyzers rau hydrogen ntau lawm, qhov uas nws conductivity thiab catalytic zog yog qhov tseem ceeb.
Cov cuab yeej tshawb fawb thiab tshawb fawb: Siv nyob rau hauv crucibles rau zus tau tej cov hluavtaws muaju, ntim cov hlab ntsha rau ultra- tshuaj dawb huv, thiab cov khoom nyob rau hauv particle accelerators thiab loj spectrometers.
5. Dab tsi yog cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb rau kev siv tshuab thiab kev tsim cov nickel ntshiab, thiab lawv piv rau cov hlau machining li cas?
Machining ntshiab nickel bar nthuav tawm cov teeb meem sib txawv piv rau cov pa roj carbon lossis stainless hlau:
Ua hauj lwm hardening: Nickel ntshiab muaj ib tug pronounced nyiam ua hauj lwm - harden sai sai thaum txiav. Qhov no tuaj yeem ua rau cov cuab yeej siv ntau dhau, qhov ua tiav tsis zoo, thiab kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov kev ntxhov siab ntau ntxiv yog tias tsis tswj kom raug.
Gummy Chips: Nws tsim cov tawv tawv, tawv tawv uas tuaj yeem cuam tshuam nrog kev ua haujlwm machining, qhwv ib ncig ntawm cov cuab yeej thiab cov khoom ua haujlwm, thiab ua rau muaj kev nyab xeeb. Chip breakers zoo thiab siab -siab coolant yog qhov tseem ceeb.
High Cutting Forces thiab Thaum tshav kub kub: Nickel lub zog thiab toughness yuav tsum robust, rigid tshuab teeb. Lub tshav kub generated concentrates ntawm lub cuab tam, tsis yog lub nti, accelerating cuab tam hnav.
Cov kev coj ua zoo tshaj plaws rau Machining:
Cov cuab yeej: Siv cov ntse ntse, zoo- cov cuab yeej siv lub kaum sab xis ua los ntawm cov qib siab ntawm carbide (C-2/C-3) lossis coated carbide. Ceramic lossis CBN cov cuab yeej siv rau kev ua tiav high-speed.
Tsis Siv Neeg: Qhov qis dua qhov nrawm, qhov nruab nrab pub tus nqi, thiab kev txiav tob tob yog qhov zoo dua kom tau txais hauv qab qhov chaw ua haujlwm - txheej tawv tawv tsim los ntawm kev dhau dhau los. Tsis txhob cia lub cuab yeej nyob hauv kev txiav.
Coolant: Siv qhov hnyav-lub luag haujlwm, siab- lub siab txias kom tshem tawm cov cua sov, lubricate qhov txiav, thiab tawg cov chips.
Kev teeb tsa: Ua kom lub zog siab tshaj plaws kom txo qis kev vibration thiab sib tham.
Kev ua tiav zoo ntawm cov npib tsib xee kuj yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo saib rau vuam (siv cov hlau sib txuam xws li ENi-1 nyob rau hauv ib qho hluav taws xob tiv thaiv hluav taws xob) thiab kev kho cua sov (annealing hauv qhov chaw tswj kom tsis txhob oxidation).
