1. Dab tsi yog cov kev lag luam tseem ceeb rau Hastelloy B-2 hlau qws, thiab cov khoom tshwj xeeb dab tsi ua rau nws haum rau cov kev xav tau no?
Hastelloy B-2 hlau pas nrig yog npib tsib xee- molybdenum alloy tshwj xeeb uas tsim los rau kev txo qis thiab tsis yog - oxidizing tshuaj ib puag ncig. Nws daim ntawv thov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog nyob rau hauv kev tsim cov khoom siv vuam, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov khoom noj khoom haus rau kev tsim cov hlau txuas (xws li ERNiMo-7) siv los vuam B-2 phaj, yeeb nkab, thiab khoom siv. Qhov no ua kom lub metallurgically txuam, corrosion-resistant weld sib koom nyob rau hauv fabricated lug. Tshaj li vuam, cov hlua hlau yog txias rau hauv ntau hom rau kev pabcuam tseem ceeb, suav nrog:
Kev Lag Luam Kev Lag Luam Tshuaj (CPI): Hlau mesh, lim ntaub, thiab cov ntxaij lim dej kom pom hauv cov dej kub hydrochloric thiab sulfuric acid. Springs thiab fasteners rau li qub thiab twj tso kua mis raug rau cov kua qaub.
Pharmaceutical & Fine Chemical: Stirrer shafts, thermocouple sheaths, thiab pob tawb xaim rau reactors tuav nruj halogenated tebchaw thiab organic acids.
Acid Recovery & Pickling Lines: Txhawb cov xov hlau thiab cov khoom cua sov hauv cov kua qaub thiab cov nroj tsuag kho hlau.
Qhov tsim nyog yog los ntawm B-2 cov khoom tseem ceeb: tshwj xeeb tiv thaiv hydrochloric acid ntawm txhua qhov chaw thiab qhov kub thiab txias mus txog qhov kub thiab txias, zoo tiv thaiv sulfuric, acetic, thiab phosphoric acids, thiab muaj zog tuav ntawm qhov kub siab. Cov ntaub ntawv xaim tso cai rau kev tsim kho ntawm cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke no corrosion kuj nrog kev yooj yim, tensile lub zog, lossis qhov chaw siab - cheeb tsam - rau-ntim piv, raws li pom hauv cov ntxaij lim dej thiab meshes.
2. Dab tsi yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm metallurgical thiab kev sib tw hauv kev tsim khoom thiab kos duab Hastelloy B-2 hlau pas nrig, muab nws txoj kev nyiam rau kev ua haujlwm hnyav thiab nruab nrab kub embrittlement?
Hloov Hastelloy B-2 mus rau qhov zoo, zoo ib yam hlau pas nrig yog txheej txheem tshwj xeeb vim yog ob qho kev sib tw loj: nws qhov kev ua haujlwm nrawm nrawm thiab nws qhov kev cuam tshuam loj heev rau embrittlement nyob rau hauv 1200℃F - 1600℃F (650℃- 870 degree) ntau yam.
Kev Sib Tw Ua Haujlwm - Tswj Kev Teeb Duab: Hlau pas nrig yog tsim los ntawm kev ua haujlwm txias txias, qhov twg cov khoom raug rub los ntawm cov khoom me me tuag. B-2's siab nickel-molybdenum matrix ua haujlwm- hardens loj heev nrog txhua qhov kev txo qis hauv cross-section. Yog tias tsis muaj kev tswj hwm, qhov no ua rau muaj kev kos duab ntau dhau, xaim tawg, thiab cov khoom tsis sib xws. Qhov kev daws teeb meem yog txheej txheem kev kos duab ntau dhau nrog nquag nruab nrab anneals.
Cov kauj ruam tseem ceeb - Kev daws teeb meem nruab nrab: Tom qab ob peb daim duab dhau los, cov hlau yuav tsum tau ua kom tiav cov tshuaj anneal. Qhov no suav nrog cua kub txog li 1850℃F - 2050℃F (1010℃- 1120 degree) ua raws li dej nrawm. Qhov no anneal dissolves lub strained, ua hauj lwm-hardened microstructure thiab restores ductility rau ntxiv kos duab. Lub quench ceev tsis yog -negotiable; nws tiv thaiv cov khoom los ntawm lub tsev nyob rau hauv qhov tseem ceeb embrittlement kub cheeb tsam uas brittle intermetallic theem (xws li Ni₄Mo) precipitate ntawm grain ciam teb. Thaum embritted, cov hlau yuav tsis siv tau nkig thiab tsis tuaj yeem khaws cia.
Lub Xeev Cov Khoom Muag Kawg: Cov pas hlau ua tiav yog muab rau hauv ib qho kev daws teeb meem -annealed (mos) mob rau cov neeg siv khoom uas yuav ua ntxiv fabrication, los yog nyob rau hauv ib qho nyuaj - kos npau taws rau cov ntawv thov uas yuav tsum tau muaj zog tensile ntau dua (xws li tej springs). Tag nrho cov txheej txheem yuav tsum muaj kev tswj hwm huab cua thaum lub sij hawm annealing los tiv thaiv oxidation nto thiab paug.
3. Vim li cas Hastelloy B-2 raug txiav tawm los ntawm B-3 rau ntau txoj haujlwm tshiab, thiab nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej twg B-2 hlau qws tseem yog ib qho kev xaiv los yog kev lag luam?
Hastelloy B-2 tau hloov pauv loj heev los ntawm Hastelloy B-3 vim yog qhov tsis muaj zog tseem ceeb: kev tsim embrittlement. Thaum lub sij hawm vuam los yog kev kho cua sov tsis zoo, B-2 yog qhov yooj yim heev rau kev tsim cov txheej txheem intermetallic nyob rau hauv nws cov tshav kub-cuam tshuam cheeb tsam (HAZ), ua rau tsis tshua muaj ductility thiab muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm tawg. B-3 tau tsim tshwj xeeb nrog ntxiv chromium thiab chemistry chemistry kom ua rau qeeb no nag lossis daus, ua rau nws nyob deb dua fabricator-phooj ywg.
Cov xwm txheej uas B-2 xaim pas nrig tseem yuav raug teev tseg:
Cov cuab yeej cuab tam Kev Kho & Kev Kho: Rau kev tuav cov ntaub ntawv B-2 uas twb muaj lawm uas siv qhov sib txuam B-2 muab tub lim (ua los ntawm B-2 hlau pas nrig) yog qhov tseem ceeb kom tsis txhob galvanic corrosion nyob rau hauv weldment.
Tsis yog-Welded, Cov Khoom Siv Yooj Yim: Rau cov ntawv thov uas cov khoom kawg (xws li, lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav txias- rub tawm, ib lub mesh woven) tsis muaj qhov siab ntxiv - kub ua tom qab qhov kawg tshuaj anneal los ntawm lub zeb. Ntawm no, B-2 tus yam ntxwv zoo corrosion kuj tuaj yeem siv tag nrho yam tsis muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev tsim khoom.
Tus nqi- Cov ntawv thov rhiab heev: Hauv qee kis, B-2 hlau pas nrig yuav muaj nyob rau ntawm tus nqi qis dua B-3, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau cov khoom lag luam txheem. Rau qhov tsis-welded, tsis tseem ceeb tivthaiv nyob rau hauv ib tug paub, ruaj khov txo ib puag ncig, nws yuav yog ib qho kev xaiv economical.
Tshwj xeeb High-Kev Pabcuam Kub Kub: Hauv qhov tshwj xeeb, zoo- tswj qhov chaw nyob qhov twg ntev- lub sij hawm thermal stability ntawm qhov kub siab nyob rau hauv ib tug ntshiab txo cua yog ib qho kev txhawj xeeb, B-2 cov khoom yuav raug teev raws li cov ntaub ntawv keeb kwm.
Txawm li cas los xij, rau ib txoj haujlwm tshiab uas cuam tshuam nrog kev tsim khoom (vuam, kub sib sau), B-3 yog qhov kev pom zoo tsis txaus ntseeg thiab kev xaiv zoo dua.
4. Yuav tsum muaj kev tswj xyuas nruj npaum li cas rau Hastelloy B-2 hlau rods npaj rau kev tsim cov vuam hlau, thiab qhov tsis xws luag yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws los tiv thaiv?
Hlau qws destined rau vuam hlau ntau lawm yog ua raws li cov qauv zoo tshaj plaws, raws li tej yam tsis xws luag yuav raug kos mus rau hauv cov khoom zaum kawg thiab tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj rau kev puas tsuaj.
Critical Quality Control Measures:
Chemistry Control: Cov tshuaj yaj yeeb yaj kiab yuav tsum nruj tswj kom txo qis cov ntsiab lus uas txhawb kev tawg kub (xws li sulfur thiab phosphorus) thiab kom ntseeg tau tias kev ua haujlwm zoo sib xws. Thaum tshav kub kub-rau-kub sib xws yog qhov tseem ceeb rau cov tuam txhab xaim.
Surface Integrity: Cov pas nrig nto yuav tsum tsis muaj qhov tsis zoo -dawb seams, laps, tawg, inclusions, thiab hnyav. Cov imperfections saum npoo no tuaj yeem dhau los ua lub hauv paus ntawm kev tawg thaum lub sij hawm zoo - hlau kos los yog ua rau tsis zoo noj thiab tsis zoo arc stability hauv automated vuam. Kev soj ntsuam pom, kev kuaj tam sim no, lossis kuaj ultrasonic feem ntau yog ua haujlwm.
Dimensional Consistency: Cov pas nrig txoj kab uas hla yuav tsum tau tuav kom nruj heev kom ntseeg tau tias du, zoo ib yam pub noj los ntawm kev kos duab tuag thiab cov khoom siv hlau txuas ntxiv.
Microcleanliness: Lub suab sab hauv ntawm tus pas nrig yog kuaj xyuas qhov tsis yog -cov khoom siv hlau (xws li oxides, nitrides) uas tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev ntxhov siab, ua rau cov hlau tawg lossis tsim cov khoom tsis xws luag hauv cov hlau vuam. Qhov no feem ntau raug ntsuas raws li cov qauv ASTM E45.
Daim ntawv pov thawj thiab Traceability: Tag nrho traceability los ntawm thawj yaj mus rau qhov kawg hlau qws kauj yog yuav tsum tau. Daim ntawv pov thawj zeb xeem kom ntxaws (MTC) lees paub txog chemistry, cov khoom siv kho tshuab, kev kho cua sov, thiab cov txiaj ntsig kev xeem yuav tsum tau ua.
Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws los tiv thaiv:
Surface Seams: Longitudinal flaws uas ua rau "kos duab so."
Inclusions: Uas ua rau cov voids sab hauv los yog tsis muaj zog me ntsis nyob rau hauv tiav weld hlau.
Inconsistent Hardness/Temper: Uas ua rau tsis zoo drawability thiab sib txawv noj cov yam ntxwv thaum vuam.
5. Thaum tsim cov khoom siv xws li corrosion- lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav resistant los yog lim mesh los ntawm B-2 hlau, dab tsi yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev tsim thiab kev kho tom qab tsim khoom los xyuas kom meej cov kev pab cuam?
Tsim nrog B-2 hlau yuav tsum lees paub nws cov khoom txwv kom qhib nws cov kev ua haujlwm corrosion.
Kev txiav txim siab tsim nyog:
Kev ntxhov siab thiab qaug zog: Tus account rau B-2 lub zog siab tab sis lub neej qaug zog me ntsis hauv kev siv cyclic. Kev tsim lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav yuav tsum siv yam kev nyab xeeb tsim nyog thiab tsis txhob muaj kev ntxhov siab ntau. Rau cov ntxaij lim dej, cov qauv weave yuav tsum tsis txhob ua rau muaj kev ntxhov siab ntau dhau ntawm qhov chaw khoov.
Zam Kev Fabrication Embrittlement: Qhov no yog txoj cai tseem ceeb. Txhua qhov kev ua haujlwm uas ua kom sov cov hlau rau hauv 1200℃F - 1600℃F ntau yuav tsum zam. Qhov no suav nrog:
Tsis muaj Vuam lossis Brazing: Kev sib koom yuav tsum tau ua txhua yam (xws li, weaving, clipping, riveting).
Tsis Muaj Kev Kub Kub los yog Kev Ruaj Ntseg: Txhua qhov kev sib sau (coiling springs, weaving mesh) yuav tsum tau ua kom txias, ua raws li kev daws teeb meem tag nrho yog tias kev ua haujlwm txias yog qhov hnyav thiab corrosion kuj hauv thaj chaw ua haujlwm tseem ceeb.
Ua tib zoo txiav: Siv cov txheej txheem abrasive lossis txias txiav; zam lub teeb taws uas ua kom sov cov khoom.
Ncej -Kev Kho Mob Fabrication:
Kev daws Anneal & Quench: Tom qab mob khaub thuas txias heev, tag nrho cov khoom yuav tsum tau muab tshuaj annealed thiab ceev dej quenched kom rov ductility thiab siab tshaj corrosion kuj. Rau lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav me me lossis mesh, qhov no yuav tsum tau kho tshwj xeeb los tiv thaiv kev cuam tshuam thaum lub sij hawm siab -kev kho kub.
Descaling thiab Pickling: Tom qab annealing, cov khoom yuav muaj oxide nplai. Nws yuav tsum tau descaled (ntawm grit blasting los yog tshuaj txhais tau tias) thiab tom qab ntawd pickled nyob rau hauv ib tug haum HNO₃ / HF acid sib tov kom tshem tawm cov kab mob thiab rov qab los ntawm passive nto.
Final Passivation: Kev kho mob zaum kawg tuaj yeem siv los ua kom cov txheej txheem oxide ruaj khov.
Kev ua tiav kev ua tiav pob khawm ntawm kev kho cov B tiav lawm -2 hlau tivthaiv raws li qhov kub thiab txias- kho qhov chaw, qhov kawg qhov kev daws teeb meem anneal thiab quench txhais nws cov khoom hauv kev pabcuam.
