1. Hastelloy G-30 (UNS N06030) alloy daim ntawv yog dab tsi, thiab nws muaj pes tsawg leeg ua kom muaj txiaj ntsig tshwj xeeb hauv phosphoric acid thiab cov kua qaub sib xyaw?
Hastelloy G-30 (UNS N06030) alloy daim ntawv yog lub tiaj tus- dov khoom daim ntawv ntawm nickel-chromium- hlau-molybdenum alloy nrog ntxiv ntawm tooj liab, tungsten, thiab niobium. Nws yog tsim tshwj xeeb los tiv thaiv cov cheeb tsam muaj zog tshaj plaws, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov txheej txheem ntub dej phosphoric acid (WPA) thiab cov kua qaub sib xyaw xws li nitric / hydrofluoric ua ke. Daim ntawv daim ntawv feem ntau txhais tau tias yog cov khoom siv nrog tuab tsawg dua 3/16 "(4.76mm) thiab siv dav hauv kev tsim cov khoom siv tshuaj.
Tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg (A ASTM B582):
| Element | Qhov hnyav% |
|---|---|
| Nickel (Ni) | Tshuav |
| Chromium (Cr) | 28.0 - 31.5 |
| Hlau (Fe) | 13.0 - 17.0 |
| Molybdenum (hli) | 4.0 - 6.0 |
| Copper (Cu) | 1.0 - 2.4 |
| Tungsten (W) | 1.5 - 4.0 |
| Cobalt (zeeg) | ≤ 5.0 |
| Niobium (Nb) | 0.3 - 1.5 |
| Cov pa roj carbon (C) | ≤ 0.03 |
| Silicon (Si) | ≤ 1.0 |
| Manganese (Mn) | ≤ 1.5 |
Yuav Ua Li Cas Txhua Yam Pab Txhawb rau Kev Ua Haujlwm:
High Chromium (28-31.5%):
Ua kom ruaj khov, tiv thaiv Cr₂O₃ oxide txheej.
Muab kev tiv thaiv tshwj xeeb rau oxidizing acids xws li nitric acid (HNO₃).
Qhov tseem ceeb rau kev tiv thaiv oxidizing los ntawm fluorides tam sim no nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem ntub dej phosphoric acid.
Ua haujlwm qis dua -chromium alloys hauv cov kua qaub sib xyaw.
Molybdenum (4-6%):
Txhim khu kev tiv thaiv kom tsis txhob muaj cov kua qaub xws li sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄) thiab hydrochloric acid (HCl) hauv dilute concentrations.
Txhim kho kev tiv thaiv rau hauv cheeb tsam corrosion (pitting thiab crevice corrosion) hauv chloride -muaj ib puag ncig.
Ntxiv chromium los muab kev ua haujlwm sib luag hauv cov kua qaub uas hloov pauv ntawm oxidizing thiab txo cov xwm txheej.
Copper Ntxiv (1-2.4%):
Txhim khu kev tiv thaiv rau sulfuric acid, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv nruab nrab concentration ranges (40-60%) qhov twg ntau alloys tawm tsam.
Txhim khu kev ua tau zoo hauv kev txo cov xwm txheej uas tau ntsib hauv phosphoric acid evaporators.
Tungsten (1.5-4%):
Muab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kom muaj zog, txhim kho cov cuab yeej cuab tam ntawm qhov kub siab.
Txhim khu kev tiv thaiv rau cheeb tsam corrosion, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv ib puag ncig chloride.
Pab txhawb rau lub alloy stability thaum vuam thiab fabrication.
Niobium (0.3-1.5%):
Ua raws li lub zog ruaj khov, nyiam tsim niobium carbides es tsis yog chromium carbides.
Tiv thaiv rhiab heev thaum vuam, kom ntseeg tau tias tshav kub- cuam tshuam cheeb tsam (HAZ) tuav tag nrho corrosion kuj.
Tshem tawm qhov xav tau rau kev tshaj tawm -weld kho cua sov hauv ntau daim ntawv thov.
Cov pa roj carbon tsawg (≤0.03%):
Txo qhov peev xwm ntawm chromium carbide nag lossis daus thaum vuam.
Ua kom muaj kev cuam tshuam ntawm intergranular corrosion nyob rau hauv raws li -welded mob.
Vim li cas G-30 yog qhov Kev Xaiv Zoo Tshaj Plaws rau Phosphoric Acid Service:
Cov txheej txheem ntub dej phosphoric acid tsis yog H₃PO₄ nkaus xwb; Nws muaj cov impurities xws li fluorides (F⁻), chlorides (Cl⁻), residual sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄), thiab silica. Cov chemistry complex no tsim ib qho chaw corrosive heev uas txawv ntawm oxidizing (vim fluorides) thiab txo (vim sulfuric acid). G-30's balanced composition-high chromium rau oxidizing tsis kam, molybdenum thiab tooj liab rau txo qhov tsis kam-ua rau nws tshwj xeeb haum rau daim ntawv thov no.
2. Hastelloy G-30 alloy daim ntawv tsim tau li cas, thiab kev tswj xyuas zoo li cas kom muaj cov khoom zoo ib yam thoob plaws hauv daim ntawv?
Kev tsim ntawm Hastelloy G-30 alloy daim ntawv suav nrog cov txheej txheem ntawm cov txheej txheem metallurgical thiab cov txheej txheem tsim los ua kom tiav cov chemistry zoo ib yam, cov khoom siv kho tshuab zoo ib yam, thiab zoo heev nto tiav. Kev tswj xyuas zoo ntawm txhua theem ua kom cov khoom kawg ua tau raws li qhov xav tau nruj ntawm kev siv tshuaj ua haujlwm.
Manufacturing txheej txheem Sequence:
Melting thiab Refining:
Thawj Melting: Virgin raw cov ntaub ntawv (nickel, chromium, molybdenum, thiab lwm yam) yog melted nyob rau hauv ib tug hluav taws xob arc rauv.
Secondary Refining: Cov hlau molten raug xa mus rau Argon Oxygen Decarburization (AOD) nkoj. Cov txheej txheem no kho cov chemistry kom meej meej, tshem tawm cov impurities, thiab tswj cov pa roj carbon monoxide ≤0.03%.
Kev xaiv Remelting: Rau cov ntawv thov tseem ceeb uas xav tau kev huv siab tshaj plaws, Electro-Slag Remelting (ESR) tuaj yeem ua haujlwm. Cov txheej txheem no solidifies cov hlau maj mam, ua ib homogeneous ingot nrog tsawg segregation thiab inclusions.
Ingot thiab Slab Conversion:
Cov hlau refined yog cam khwb cia rau hauv ingots hnyav ob peb tons.
Ingots yog kub forged los yog dov rau hauv cov duab plaub, txias qhov chaw los ntawm kev sib tsoo kom tshem tawm tej yam tsis xws luag.
Kub Rolling (Plate Mill):
Slabs yog reheated rau kwv yees li 2150 ° F-2250 ° F (1175 ° C-1230 ° C).
Lawv dhau los ntawm kev thim rov qab kub dov zeb, nce zuj zus txo cov tuab.
Kub dov txuas ntxiv mus txog thaum cov khoom mus txog qhov nruab nrab tuab, feem ntau 0.125 "rau 0.375" nyob ntawm qhov kawg daim ntawv ntsuas.
Annealing thiab Descaling:
Cov ntawv kub -rolled tau txais cov tshuaj annealing ntawm 2150 ° F (1175 ° C) yam tsawg kawg nkaus.
Ceev ceev quenching (dej tsuag los yog immersion) kho cov homogeneous microstructure.
Descaling (abrasive blasting los yog pickling) tshem tawm oxide txheej tsim thaum kub dov.
Txias Rolling:
Cov ntawv annealed thiab descaled yog txias dov mus rau qhov kawg thickness.
Txias dov pab txhim kho qhov chaw tiav, zawm qhov ntev ntev, thiab tuaj yeem kho cov qauv nplej.
Ntau qhov kev hla nrog nruab nrab annealing yuav xav tau rau cov ntsuas nyias.
Thaum kawg Annealing thiab Pickling:
Cov ntawv txias -rolled tau txais cov tshuaj kawg anneal ntawm 2150 ° F (1175 ° C).
quenching ceev ceev khaws cov corrosion{0}}resistant microstructure.
Pickling nyob rau hauv cov kua qaub da dej tshem tawm cov oxide seem thiab restores passive nto.
Kev ua tiav tiav:
Leveling: Daim ntawv yog dhau los ntawm cov menyuam leveler kom ua tiav qhov flatness.
Ntug Trimming: Ntug yog trimmed mus rau qhov kawg dav.
Nto Finishing: Nyob ntawm qhov tshwj xeeb, daim ntawv yuav tau txais 2B tiav (txias dov, annealed, pickled, maj mam dov nrog polished rolls) los yog ci dua.
Kev Tswj Xyuas Zoo thoob plaws hauv kev tsim khoom:
| Theem | Kev Tswj Xyuas Zoo |
|---|---|
| Cov khoom siv raw | Certified tsom xam ntawm tag nrho cov nqi khoom |
| Melting | Spectrographic tsom xam ntawm cov qauv cua sov |
| Ingot / Slab | Ultrasonic tshuaj xyuas rau lub suab sab hauv |
| Kub Rolling | Dimensional xyuas, ntsuas kub |
| Annealing | Cov kab hluav taws xob hluav taws xob, kev txheeb xyuas pyrometer |
| Txias Rolling | Thickness gauges, nto tshuaj xyuas |
| Kev soj ntsuam zaum kawg | 100% seem, pom, thiab NDE raws li tau teev tseg |
ASTM Cov Qauv Tswj G-30 Daim Ntawv:
| Txuj | Title | Daim ntawv thov |
|---|---|---|
| ASTM B 582 Cov Lus Qhia Tshwj Xeeb | Nickel-Chromium-Iron-Molybdenum-Copper Alloy Phaj, Ntawv, thiab Sawb | Primary khoom spec |
| ASTM B 906 Cov khoom siv | General Requirements for Flat-Rolled Nickel Alloy Sheet | Cov kev xav tau ntxiv |
Hom Ntawv Qhov ntau thiab tsawg:
| Parameter | Ntau yam / kam rau ua |
|---|---|
| Thickness | 0.020 "- 0.187" (0.5mm txog 4.75mm) |
| Thickness kam rau ua | ± 0.004 "rau ± 0.007" (nyob ntawm thickness) |
| Dav | Txog li 48 "(1220mm) tus qauv; dav muaj |
| Dav Tolerance | +0.125", -0" rau sheared ntug |
| Ntev | Txog 144 "(3650mm) tus qauv |
| Flatness | 1/4 "hauv 36" raug; nruj dua muaj |
| Nto tiav | 2B (matte), 2D (dull), lossis BA (ci) |
3. Dab tsi yog cov ntawv thov tseem ceeb rau Hastelloy G-30 alloy daim ntawv hauv kev lag luam tshuaj thiab chiv?
Hastelloy G-30 alloy daim ntawv tau teev tseg rau daim ntawv thov qhov tshwj xeeb tiv thaiv rau cov kua qaub sib xyaw, phosphoric acid, thiab oxidizing / txo ib puag ncig yog xav tau. Nws versatility ua rau nws indispensable nyob rau hauv ntau yam tseem ceeb industrial sectors.
Fertilizer Industry (Phosphoric Acid Production):
Evaporator Vessels thiab Internals:
Kev Ua Haujlwm: Ua kom cov txheej txheem ntub dej phosphoric acid (WPA) los ntawm 30% mus rau 50-54% P₂O₅ hauv lub tshuab nqus tsev.
Ib puag ncig: Kub (180-220 ° F) phosphoric acid nrog fluorides, chlorides, sulfuric acid, thiab silica.
Vim li cas G-30 Sheet: Siv los tsim cov hlab ntsha, baffles, thiab cov khoom siv sab hauv. High chromium resists oxidizing fluorides; tooj liab thiab molybdenum tuav txo sulfuric acid.
Cov Cheebtsam: Vapor hau, entrainment separators, recirculation tanks.
Digester thiab Reactor Lineings:
Kev Ua Haujlwm: Kab sab hauv ntawm lub plab zom mov reactors qhov twg phosphate pob zeb reacts nrog sulfuric acid.
Vim li cas G-30 Daim Ntawv: Siv los ua cov hlua khi xoob lossis cov hlua khi hlua khi los tiv thaiv cov hlab ntsha ntawm cov pa roj carbon steel los ntawm qhov hnyav corrosivity ntawm kev zom cov slurry.
Acid Concentration Kem:
Muaj nuj nqi: Ntxiv concentrate phosphoric acid rau superphosphoric acid (68-72% P₂O₅).
Vim li cas G-30 Daim Ntawv: Ua kom muaj kev ncaj ncees ntawm qhov kub siab hauv cov kua qaub heev.
Scrubber Cheebtsam:
Kev Ua Haujlwm: Tshem tawm cov tshuaj fluorides thiab lwm yam khoom paug tawm ntawm cov txheej txheem tawm - pa roj.
Vim li cas G-30 Sheet: Fabricated rau hauv cov tsev ntxhua khaub ncaws, pos huab eliminators, thiab ductwork. Tiv thaiv ob qho tib si acidic gases thiab fluorides uas condense nyob rau hauv scrubbers.
Kev Siv Tshuaj Siv Tshuaj:
Nitric / Hydrofluoric Acid Pickling Tanks:
Muaj nuj nqi: Stainless hlau pickling siv HNO₃ / HF sib tov.
Vim li cas G-30 Sheet: Ib qho ntawm ob peb cov ntaub ntawv uas tiv taus qhov sib xyaw ua kua qaub; siv rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv tank, cua sov coils, thiab npog.
Sulfuric Acid Plant Cheebtsam:
Muaj nuj nqi: Drying towers, absorption towers, acid coolers.
Vim li cas G-30 Sheet: Kev tiv thaiv zoo heev rau sulfuric acid thoob plaws qhov dav thiab qhov kub thiab txias.
Mixed Acid Nitration Vessels:
Kev Ua Haujlwm: Kev tsim cov tshuaj nitro siv HNO₃ / H₂SO₄ cov khoom sib tov.
Vim li cas G-30 Sheet: Outperforms stainless hlau nyob rau hauv heev oxidizing tej yam kev mob; tswj cov khoom purity los ntawm kev zam kom tsis txhob muaj kab mob hlau.
Reactor Vessels rau Organic Synthesis:
Muaj nuj nqi: Lub nkoj rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv uas muaj corrosive catalysts lossis byproducts.
Vim li cas G-30 Daim Ntawv: Muab kev ua haujlwm ntev ntev hauv cov tshuaj lom neeg nyuaj.
Daim Ntawv Thov Kev Lag Luam Nuclear:
Fuel Reprocessing Cheebtsam:
Muaj nuj nqi: Dissolver cov hlab ntsha, tawm - roj av scrubbers, thiab hloov cov kav dej rau kev siv roj nuclear.
Vim li cas G-30 Sheet: Exceptional resistance to HNO₃/HF dissolver solutions; siv rau hauv cov hlab ntsha thiab cov khoom siv sab hauv.
Cov Khoom Siv Hluav Taws Xob:
Muaj nuj nqi: Tank rau radioactive pov tseg kho thiab vitrification.
Vim li cas G-30 Daim Ntawv: Kev ntseeg tau ntev ntev hauv ib puag ncig huab cua.
Lwm yam kev siv:
| Kev lag luam | Daim ntawv thov | Cheebtsam Fabricated los ntawm Sheet |
|---|---|---|
| Pharmaceutical | Nitration reactors | Cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, hluav taws xob, hluav taws xob hluav taws xob |
| Hlau Refining | Acid leaching tanks | Tank linings, agitator hniav |
| Kev kho khib nyiab | Acid neutralization systems | Tank linings, ductwork |
| Flue Gas Desulfurization | Scrubber vaj tse | Plhaub, kev txhawb nqa sab hauv |
| Tshuaj Tankers | Acid cargo tanks | Tank linings, bulkheads |
Case Study: Phosphoric Acid Evaporator Lining
Ib tsob nroj phosphoric acid tau ntsib kev xeb hnyav ntawm cov roj hmab-cov pa roj carbon steel evaporator tom qab tsuas yog 18 lub hlis ntawm kev pabcuam. Lub hauv ob sab phlu ua tsis tau vim permeation ntawm kub acid thiab fluorides. Hloov nrog 3/16 "(4.8mm) Hastelloy G-30 cov ntaub ntawv hauv ob sab phlu, ntsia ua lub hauv ob sab phlu nrog lub qhov cua, ncua kev pab cuam lub neej tshaj 10 xyoo. G-30 hauv ob sab phlu them rau nws tus kheej li ntawm 3 xyoo los ntawm kev tshem tawm downtime thiab tu.
4. Yuav ua li cas kev tsim thiab vuam kev txiav txim siab yog tshwj xeeb rau Hastelloy G-30 alloy daim ntawv thaum lub sij hawm fabrication?
Fabricating cov cuab yeej los ntawm Hastelloy G-30 daim ntawv hlau yuav tsum nkag siab txog cov khoom siv tshuab thiab siv cov txheej txheem tsim nyog los tswj nws cov corrosion-cov khoom tiv taus. Lub alloy cov yam ntxwv ua hauj lwm-hardening thiab qhov tseem ceeb ntawm qhov chaw saum npoo yuav tsum tau ceev faj.
Kev tsim cov kev txiav txim siab:
Ua Haujlwm Hardening Behavior:
G-30 ua hauj lwm hardens sai dua austenitic stainless hlau.
Thaum lub sij hawm txias txias (khoov, dov, sib sib zog nqus nqus), cov khoom yuav muaj zog thiab nyuaj, yuav tsum tau ntau dua forming rog.
Qhov cuam tshuam: kev tsim cov haujlwm yuav tsum tau npaj kom txo qis kev ua haujlwm txias heev; intermediate annealing tej zaum yuav xav tau rau kev loj hlob.
Bending thiab nres txoj kev:
Yam tsawg kawg nkaus Khoov Radius: Rau daim ntawv annealed, qhov tsawg kawg nkaus khoov vojvoog ntawm 1-2 zaug daim ntawv tuab yog feem ntau ua tiav rau 90 ° khoov.
Springback: G-30 muaj zog yield zog dua carbon steel, uas ua rau lub springback ntau dua. Over-bending yuav tsum tau ua kom tiav lub kaum sab xis kawg.
Tooling: Siv huv si, du tuag los tiv thaiv qhov chaw puas. Lubrication (dej-soluble los yog chlorinated roj) txo kev sib txhuam thiab tiv thaiv galling.
Roll Forming (Cylindrical Shapes):
Peb- yob lossis plaub- yob dabtsi yog khoov tuaj yeem tsim lub tog raj kheej rau cov nkoj thiab cov tank.
Kev nce qib, ntau qhov kev hla yog nyiam mus rau ib qho hnyav dhau.
Ntug npaj (crowning) pab ua kom zoo kaw ntawm longitudinal seams.
Kev kos duab sib sib zog nqus:
Cov duab nyuaj (taub hau, tais diav) yuav xav tau ntau theem kev kos duab.
Intermediate annealing nruab nrab ntawm cov theem restores ductility.
Dav dav radii ntawm punches thiab tuag tiv thaiv tearing.
Kub txoj kev:
Qhov kub thiab txias: 1850 ° F - 2150 ° F (1010 ° C - 1175 ° C).
Daim ntawv saum toj no recrystallization kub kom tsis txhob tawg.
Tshaj tawm -Kev kho cua sov: Yog tias tsim qis dua qhov kub thiab txias, qhov yuav tsum tau rov qab - kev daws teeb meem annealed (2150 ° F, ceev quench) kom rov qab ua kom corrosion.
Welding Considerations:
Cov txheej txheem vuam:
Gas Tungsten Arc Vuam (GTAW/TIG): Nyiam rau kev tsim cov ntawv hlau (feem ntau yog ≤1/8 "thickness). Muab kev tswj zoo heev, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tsawg, thiab siab - zoo welds.
Gas Hlau Arc Vuam (GMAW/MIG): Tsim nyog rau cov ntawv tuab, nrog cov tshuaj tsuag hloov pauv tau pom zoo.
Plasma Arc Vuam (PAW): Siab - vuam ntawm cov seams ncaj nraim hauv daim ntawv.
Filler Hlau Xaiv:
Siv cov khoom sib txuam hlau ERNiCrMo-11 per AWS A5.14.
Rau autogenous vuam (tsis muaj muab tub lim), xyuas kom nruj heev -nce thiab huv.
Joint Design rau Sheet:
Butt Joints: Square ntug rau nyias daim ntawv; ib leeg -V rau tuab (≥1/8").
Lap Joints: Txais tau rau cov ntawv thov tsis yog - tseem ceeb; zam crevices.
Lub kaum sab xis: Tsim kom tiav kev nkag mus rau qhov ua tau.
Critical Welding Parameters (GTAW):
| Parameter | Daim ntawv (≤1/8") |
|---|---|
| Tam sim no | DCEN (DC-) |
| Amperage | 50-100 A |
| Qhov hluav taws xob | 10-12 V |
| Kev Ceev Ceev | 4-8 pwm |
| Kub Input | 10-20 kJ/in |
| Tiv thaiv Gas | Argon (100%) |
| Gas Flow | 15-20 : kuv |
| Rov qab Purge | Yuav tsum muaj rau cov ntawv thov tseem ceeb |
Qhov tseem ceeb ceev faj:
| Ceev faj | Yog vim li cas |
|---|---|
| Kev huv huv | Cov kab mob sib kis (roj, roj, cim tus cwj mem) ua rau porosity thiab tawg. Ntxuav nrog acetone ua ntej vuam. |
| Tsawg tshav kub input | Minimizes distortion thiab carbide nag lossis daus hauv HAZ. |
| Interpass Kub ≤ 300 ° F | Tiv thaiv kub tawg thiab oxidation ntau dhau. |
| Rov qab Purge | Tiv thaiv cov hauv paus oxidation ("qab zib") uas rhuav tshem corrosion kuj. Tshem tawm kom txog thaum weld txias hauv qab 500 ° F. |
| Stringer Beads | Txwv kev weav mus rau ≤3 × hlau txoj kab uas hla; ntau heev weaving nce tshav kub input. |
| Cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb | Siv stainless hlau hlau txhuam thiab sib tsoo log yeej tsis siv ntawm cov hlau. Iron contamination ua rau thaj tsam corrosion. |
Ncej -Wel Cleaning:
Tshem tawm cov cua sov tint mechanically (stainless steel hlau txhuam) los yog tshuaj (pickling).
Pickling tov: Feem ntau HNO₃ / HF sib tov (10-15% HNO₃, 1-3% HF) ntawm 120-140 ° F.
Yaug kom huv si nrog dej demineralized.
Passivation yuav raug teev rau kev pabcuam tseem ceeb.
Tshaj tawm -Weld Heat Treatment (PWHT):
Feem ntau tsis tas yuav tsum tau rau G-30 vim muaj cov pa roj carbon tsawg thiab niobium stabilization.
Yog tias tau teev tseg (tsis tshua muaj), lub voj voog raug: 1800-2000 ° F ua raws li qhov txias txias.
Kev tshuaj xyuas ntawm Fabricated Sheet Cheebtsam:
| Txoj kev | Daim ntawv thov | Kev lees txais |
|---|---|---|
| Visual (VT) | 100% ntawm welds | Smooth, uniform, tsis tawg los yog porosity |
| Cov kua dej Penetrant (PT) | Weld nto, xav tias thaj chaw | Tsis muaj qhov taw qhia saum npoo |
| Nqus Box Test | Tank hauv qab seams | Tsis muaj dej ntws |
| Cua Siab / Hydrotest | Ua tiav cov nkoj | Raws li kev cai code |
5. Dab tsi yog kev tswj hwm thiab ntawv pov thawj uas yuav tsum tau siv rau Hastelloy G-30 alloy daim ntawv rau kev siv tseem ceeb?
Hastelloy G-30 alloy daim ntawv rau kev siv tshuaj lom neeg tseem ceeb yuav tsum muaj kev tswj xyuas zoo thiab ua tiav daim ntawv pov thawj los xyuas kom meej cov khoom zoo, corrosion kuj, thiab kev ntseeg tau ntev. Cov kev cai no feem ntau tshaj cov qauv ASTM specifications.
Tswj Specifications:
| Txuj | Title | Daim ntawv thov |
|---|---|---|
| ASTM B 582 Cov Lus Qhia Tshwj Xeeb | Nickel-Chromium-Iron-Molybdenum-Copper Alloy Phaj, Ntawv, thiab Sawb | Cov khoom tseem ceeb specification |
| ASTM B 906 Cov khoom siv | General Requirements for Flat-Rolled Nickel thiab Nickel Alloy Sheet | Cov kev xav tau ntxiv |
| ASME Section II, Part B | TIAB SA-582 | ASME Boiler & Pressure Vessel Code version |
| Cov neeg siv khoom -Tshwj xeeb | Ntau yam | Feem ntau nruj dua |
Cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj yuav tsum muaj:
Mill Test Report (MTR):
Certified tshuaj ntsuam xyuas ib lub tshav kub.
Kev txheeb xyuas cov cuab yeej cuab tam (tensile, yield, elongation).
Cov ntawv pov thawj kev kho cua sov (kub, sijhawm, quench method).
Traceability ntawm yaj mus rau daim ntawv tiav.
Thaum tshav kub kub Traceability:
Txhua daim ntawv cim nrog cov xov tooj cua sov.
Daim ntawv qhia txog cov cua sov tshwj xeeb khaws cia.
Positive Material Identification (PMI):
Feem ntau xav tau rau cov ntawv thov tseem ceeb.
Txheeb xyuas qib ntawm txhua daim ntawv (lossis txheeb cais rau ib qho).
X-ray fluorescence (XRF) lossis optical emission spectroscopy (OES).
Chemical Composition Verification (ASTM B582):
| Element | Kev xav tau (%) |
|---|---|
| Nickel | Tshuav |
| Chromium | 28.0-31.5 |
| Hlau | 13-17 |
| Molybdenum | 4.0-6.0 |
| Tooj | 1.0-2.4 |
| Tungsten | 1.5-4.0 |
| Cobalt | ≤5.0 |
| Cov pa roj carbon | ≤ 0.03 |
| Niobium | 0.3-1.5 |
| Silicon | ≤1.0 |
| Manganese | ≤1.5 |
Mechanical Property Verification (ASTM B582):
| Khoom | Chav ntsuas kub xav tau |
|---|---|
| Tensile zog | 80 ksi (550 MPa) yam tsawg kawg nkaus |
| Yield zog (0.2% offset) | 35 ksi (240 MPa) yam tsawg kawg nkaus |
| Elongation | 30% yam tsawg kawg nkaus |
Tsis yog -Kev Tshawb Fawb Kev Ua Phem (NDE):
| Txoj kev | Daim ntawv thov | Lub Hom Phiaj |
|---|---|---|
| Kev kuaj ultrasonic (UT) | Thicker daim ntawv, kev siv tseem ceeb | Internal laminations, suav nrog |
| Cov kua dej Penetrant (PT) | Ntug, xav tias thaj chaw | Deg tawg, laps, seams |
| Visual Examination (VT) | 100% ntawm nplooj ntawv | Surface defects, finish quality |
Dimensional soj ntsuam:
| Parameter | Kev kam rau siab (rau ASTM B582) | Kev ntsuas ntsuas |
|---|---|---|
| Thickness | ± 0.004 "rau ± 0.007" (nyob ntawm qhov ntsuas) | Micrometer, calipers |
| Dav | +0.125", -0" (sheared ntug) | Daim kab xev ntsuas |
| Ntev | +0.125", -0" | Daim kab xev ntsuas |
| Flatness | 1/4 "hauv 36" (zoo) | Straightedge, feeler gauge |
| Squareness | Nyob rau hauv dav kam rau ua | Ntoo square |
Surface Finish Requirements:
2B tiav: txias dov, annealed, pickled, maj mam dov nrog polished yob; smooth, matte tsos.
2D tiav: txias dov, annealed, pickled; dull, tsis yog -reflective tiav.
BA Finish: Ci ntsa iab annealed; Reflective, iav-zoo li tiav (yuav tsum tau tswj cov huab cua annealing).
Tsis Muaj Kev Tso Cai: Cracks, laps, seams, pits, dov - hauv nplai, khawb tshaj qhov ua tiav spec.
Corrosion Testing (rau Kev Pabcuam Tseem Ceeb):
ASTM G28 Txoj Kev A:
Lub hom phiaj: Tshawb xyuas qhov cuam tshuam rau intergranular corrosion.
Ib puag ncig: Boiling ferric sulfate-sulfuric acid.
Duration: 24 teev (tseem ceeb).
Kev lees txais: Corrosion rate ≤0.5 mm / xyoo (zoo ib yam; cov neeg siv khoom- tshwj xeeb).
ASTM G28 Txoj Kev B:
Lub hom phiaj: Ntsuam xyuas kev tiv thaiv corrosion.
Ib puag ncig: Boiling sulfuric acid nrog ferric sulfate (qhov sib txawv).
Kev Cai Corrosion Test:
Simulated txheej txheem ib puag ncig (xws li, phosphoric acid nrog fluorides / chlorides).
Kev kuaj daim coupon hauv qhov tseeb lossis simulated txheej txheem.
Kev kuaj tshwj xeeb rau cov ntawv thov tseem ceeb:
| Kuaj | Lub hom phiaj | Yam yuav tsum tau muaj |
|---|---|---|
| Loj Loj | Txheeb xyuas cov txheej txheem microstructure | ASTM 4-7 rau ASTM E112 |
| Inclusion Rating | Kev ntsuas kev huv | Raws li ASTM E45 |
| Kev Tshawb Fawb Hardness | Txheeb xyuas qhov sib xws | Tsis pub dhau qhov txwv |
| Khoov Test | Txheeb xyuas qhov formability | Raws li ASTM B582 |
| Microstructural Examination | Txheeb xyuas cov theem kom raug | Tsis muaj kev puas tsuaj los nag |
Cov ntaub ntawv pob (Tswj rau Kev Pabcuam Tseem Ceeb):
| Cov ntaub ntawv | Cov ntsiab lus |
|---|---|
| Certified Mill Test Report | Chemistry, mechanicals, kho cua sov |
| NDE Reports | UT, PT ceeb toom nrog cov txiaj ntsig |
| Dimensional Inspection Report | Ntsuas qhov ntev |
| PMI Report | Kev txheeb xyuas qib |
| Corrosion Test Reports | ASTM G28 cov txiaj ntsig (yog tias xav tau) |
| Kev kho cua sov kab kos | Rauv lub sij hawm-cov ntaub ntawv kub |
| Daim Ntawv Pov Thawj Ua Raws Cai | Nqe lus piav qhia txog kev ua raws cai |
| Cov ntaub ntawv Traceability | Kub rau daim ntawv qhia |
Cov Lus Cog Tseg rau ASTM B582:
ASTM B 582 Cov Lus Qhia Tshwj Xeeb
Qib (UNS N06030)
Loj (thickness × dav × ntev)
Kub naj npawb
Tus neeg tsim khoom lub npe lossis lub cim lag luam
Lub teb chaws ntawm keeb kwm
Ntim thiab Kev Tiv Thaiv:
Interleaving nrog ntawv los yog yas ntawm cov ntawv los tiv thaiv khawb.
Ntug tiv thaiv rau cov ntawv txiav.
Bundling nrog steel bands (nrog rau cov ces kaum tiv thaiv).
Ntoo crating rau export lossis xa khoom tseem ceeb.
Desiccant rau ya raws -sensitive applications.
Kev lees paub rau Kev Pabcuam Tseem Ceeb:
Tsis muaj qhov chaw lossis sab hauv.
Chemical composition nyob rau hauv specification.
Mechanical zog lub rooj sib tham los yog tshaj minima.
Dimensional ua raws li ASTM B582 lossis cov neeg siv khoom PO.
PMI tau txheeb xyuas.
Corrosion xeem dhau (yog tias xav tau).
Cov ntaub ntawv tag nrho muab.
