1. "Universal" Alloy: Dab tsi ua rau Hastelloy C-2000 yog tus choj tshwj xeeb ntawm C-276 thiab C-22, thiab vim li cas nws thiaj li hu ua ntau yam alloy hauv tsev neeg Hastelloy?
Q:Peb cov nroj tsuag tshuaj ua haujlwm ntau yam txheej txheem kwj-los ntawm kev txo cov hydrochloric acid mus rau oxidizing ferric chloride daws. Peb tam sim no siv cov alloys sib txawv rau cov seem sib txawv. Kuv tau hnov C-2000 piav raws li "universal" alloy uas tuaj yeem ua tau ob qho tib si. Dab tsi yog metallurgical zais cia uas tso cai rau nws txuas qhov sib txawv no?
A:Koj tau muab koj tus ntiv tes tso rau ntawm qhov teeb meem tiag tiag uas ua rau muaj kev txhim kho ntawm Hastelloy C-2000 (UNS N06200). Kev lig kev cai, lub ntiaj teb nickel alloy tau muab faib ua ob lub chaw pw hav zoov: alloys optimized rau txo qhov chaw (zoo li B-series, siab molybdenum) thiab alloys optimized rau oxidizing ib puag ncig (xws li G-30, siab chromium). Lub C-series (C-276, C-22) zaum hauv nruab nrab, tab sis lawv tseem muaj kev txwv ntawm qhov kawg.
C-2000 tau tsim tshwj xeeb los rhuav tshem qhov kev cuam tshuam no thiab tsim ib qho hlau uas tuaj yeem ua rau tag nrho cov spectrum. Nws "tsis pub leejtwg paub" yog nyob rau hauv ib tug ua tib zoo sib npaug ntawm dual-threat chemistry.
Ntawm no yog metallurgical tawg:
1. Sab Oxidizing (Chromium Zaj Dab Neeg):
C-276:Muaj ~ 16% Chromium. Qhov no muab kev tiv thaiv zoo rau oxidizing media tab sis tsis muaj qhov tshwj xeeb.
C-22:Ntxiv chromium rau ~ 21% los thawb lub peev xwm oxidizing siab dua.
C-2000:Coj nws txawm ntxiv, nrog22-24% Chromium. Cov ntsiab lus chromium siab no tso cai rau nws tsim thiab tuav cov yeeb yaj kiab ruaj khov hauv qhov chaw oxidizing zoo li ferric chloride (FeCl₃), cupric chloride (CuCl₂), thiab nitric acid. Nws ua tau zoo dua ob qho C-276 thiab C-22 hauv cov kev mob oxidizing heev.
2. Sab Qab Zib (Lub Molybdenum + Copper Zaj Dab Neeg):
C-276:Cia siab rau ~ 16% Molybdenum rau nws cov kev ua tau zoo hauv kev txo cov kua qaub xws li hydrochloric acid (HCl).
C-22:Txo cov molybdenum mus rau ~ 13% kom sib npaug ntawm cov chromium siab dua, uas txo qis nws qhov kev ua tau zoo hauv cov kua qaub ntshiab txo qis piv rau C-276.
C-2000:Nov yog qhov kev tsim kho tshiab. Nws muaj15-17% Molybdenum(raws li C-276 lub zog txo)PLUS me me, txhob txwm ntxiv ntawm 1.3-1.9% Copper.
Vim li cas tooj? Copper yog ib qho zoo -paub txhim khu kev tiv thaiv rau sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄). Nyob rau hauv qhov tshwj xeeb concentration thiab kub ntau yam uas sulfuric acid yog nruj tshaj plaws, cov tooj liab ntxiv muab ib qho tseem ceeb boost. Qhov no txhais tau hais tias hauv kev txo cov kua qaub, C-2000 tuaj yeem ua tau zoo tshaj C-276, txawm tias muaj molybdenum me ntsis, vim tias muaj kev sib koom ua ke ntawm tooj liab.
3. "Sweet Spot":
Qhov tshwm sim yog ib qho alloy nrog ib qho tshwj xeeb dav passive ntau yam. Nws tiv taus qhov txo cov kua qaub nrog rau qhov zoo tshaj plaws C- hom alloys, thiab nws tiv taus oxidizing acids nrog rau siab -chromium G- hom alloys. Qhov no yog vim li cas nws thiaj li hu ua "versatile" lossis "universal." Nws ua kom yooj yim cov khoom lag luam, txo qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev siv cov hlau tsis raug hauv cov kwj deg sib xyaw, thiab muab ib qho kev daws teeb meem rau cov txheej txheem uas muaj oxidizing thiab txo cov kauj ruam.
Rau koj cov nroj tsuag, uas ua haujlwm rau HCl thiab FeCl₃, C-2000 yog tus neeg sib tw zoo tshaj plaws. Nws tuaj yeem tswj hwm qhov txo qis ntawm HCl thiab lub zog oxidizing ntawm ferric ions yam tsis muaj hws. Nws yog cov hlau uas tiag tiag txuas qhov sib txawv.
2. Cov Copper Ntxiv: Puas muaj cov tooj liab hauv C-2000 tsim muaj kev xav txog kev vuam tshwj xeeb lossis kev pheej hmoo?
Q:Peb tab tom yuav welded peb thawj pawg ntawm Hastelloy C-2000 welded yeeb nkab. Peb paub zoo txog C-276, tab sis C-2000 chemistry qhia 1.6% tooj liab. Peb yeej ib txwm tau qhia tias tooj liab tsis zoo rau kub tawg hauv nickel alloys. Qhov no puas yog kev txhawj xeeb, thiab peb yuav kho peb cov txheej txheem vuam li cas?
A:Koj qhov kev txhawj xeeb yog keeb kwm siv tau. Nyob rau hauv ntau lub tshuab hlau, tooj liab tuaj yeem yog tus tsim teeb meem, txhawb kev kub kub tawg (solidification cracking) hauv welds. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov sib ntxiv ntawm tooj liab hauv Hastelloy C-2000 tsis yog qhov kev xav tom qab; nws yog ib tug ua tib zoo engineered feature, thiab cov alloy system, nrog rau nws cov muab tub lim hlau, yog tsim los kom haum rau nws yam xyuam xim. Tus yuam sij yog siv txoj cai muab tub lim thiab cov txheej txheem raug.
Nov yog yam koj yuav tsum paub:
1. Lub Filler Hlau yog qhov tseem ceeb:
Koj kiag liyuav tsumsiv cov khoom sib txuam hlau rau C-2000, uas yogERNiCrMo-17. Qhov no chemistry muab tub lim tshwj xeeb sib npaug los tswj cov ntsiab lus tooj liab.
ERNiCrMo-17 muaj cov qib zoo sib xws ntawm tooj liab (1.3-1.9%) rau cov hlau puag.
Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj, nws muaj cov qib tswj hwm ntawm lwm cov ntsiab lus (xws li manganese thiab silicon) uas pab "scavenge" cov kab lus uas yuav ua ke nrog tooj liab los ua qis - melting- taw tes eutectics ntawm cov ciam teb. Cov muab tub lim yog tsim kom muaj qhov kub thiab txias ntau yam tab sis nrog "kev zam txim" lub davhlau ya nyob twg solidification tus cwj pwm uas tiv thaiv kev tawg.
2. Kev faib khoom tooj liab:
Hauv kev ua tiav zoo nrog ERNiCrMo-17, cov tooj liab tseem nyob hauv cov khoom siv hauv cov nickel matrix. Nws tsis sib cais rau cov ciam teb hauv txoj kev tsis zoo vim tias tag nrho cov chemistry ntawm lub pas dej ua ke (Ni-Cr-Mo-Cu) yog tsim los khaws cia rau ntawd. Cov nickel muaj siab solubility rau tooj liab.
3. Welding Technique Matters (Raws li Ib txwm):
Txawm hais tias cov hlau tsis muaj qhov sib tsoo -sensitive, koj tseem yuav tsum ua raws li cov kev coj ua zoo tshaj plaws rau tag nrho cov austenitic nickel alloys:
Thaum tshav kub kub input:Khaws cov cua kub nruab nrab. Siab dhau tuaj yeem txhawb kev sib cais; qis dhau tuaj yeem ua rau tsis muaj fusion. Lub hom phiaj ntawm 0.5 txog 1.5 kJ / mm yog ib txwm.
Interpass Kub:Khaws nws qis, zoo tshaj hauv qab 100℃(212℃F). Qhov no tiv thaiv kev tsim cov cua sov, uas tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev sib cais ntau dua.
Bead Profile:Npaj rau me ntsis convex hlaws profile. Cov hlaws tiaj tus los yog concave tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam ntau dua rau cov kab nrib pleb hauv cov austenitic welds.
Ntxuav:Xyuas kom qhov chaw weld tsis muaj kab mob (roj, roj, sulfur). Tooj liab yog tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rhiab heev rau sulfur, uas yuav ua rau embrittlement.
4. "Hot Shortness" Myth:
Copper qee zaum cuam tshuam nrog "kub luv" hauv cov hlau, tab sis qhov no tsis tshua muaj kev txhawj xeeb hauv siab -nickel alloys. Cov nickel-chromium matrix tswj cov tooj liab zoo.
Qhov xaus rau koj pab neeg:
Txhob ntshai tus tooj. Nws yog cov khoom uas muab C-2000 nws superior sulfuric acid kuj. Ntev npaum li koj sivERNiCrMo-17muab tub lim hlau thiab ua raws li cov txheej txheem nickel alloy vuam kev coj ua (tsawg interpass, zoo tu, tswj cov cua sov input), koj yuav tsim suab, tawg - dawb welds. Qhov tseeb, C-2000 feem ntau suav hais tias zam kev zam rau vuam ntau dua li lwm cov hlau ua haujlwm siab vim nws qhov kev ua kom zoo ntawm cov hlau tsis zoo.
3. Sulfuric Acid Curve: C-2000 ua tau zoo li cas thoob plaws tag nrho cov concentration ntawm sulfuric acid, thiab qhov twg nws yeej qhov kev sib tw?
Q:Peb cov txheej txheem suav nrog tuav sulfuric acid ntawm ntau qhov ntau, los ntawm dilute (10%) mus rau concentrated (93%), ntawm qhov kub txog li 80 degree. Peb tam sim no siv cov ntaub ntawv sib txawv rau ntau qhov sib txawv. Hastelloy C-2000 welded yeeb nkab puas tuaj yeem npog tag nrho cov kev ntseeg siab?
A:Qhov no yog qhov teeb meem tseeb C-2000 tau tsim los daws. Sulfuric acid yog ib qho ntawm cov tshuaj nyuaj tshaj plaws los daws vim tias nws corrosivity txawv wildly nrog concentration thiab kub. Classic "sulfuric acid corrosion nkhaus" muaj ncov thiab hav. C-2000 yog ib qho ntawm ob peb alloys uas tuaj yeem ua rau qhov nkhaus.
Ntawm no yog ib qho kev sib cais ntawm nws qhov kev ua tau zoo thoob plaws qhov concentration spectrum ntawm 80 degree:
1. Dilute Sulfuric Acid (10-20%):
Nyob rau hauv no ntau yam, sulfuric acid coj raws li ib tug txo acid. Corrosion resistance feem ntau yog nyob ntawm cov ntsiab lus molybdenum.
C-2000 Kev Ua Haujlwm:Nrog 16% Mo, nws ua tau zoo heev. Nws phim lossis tshaj C-276 hauv qhov ntau. Cov tooj liab ntxiv muab ib txheej ntxiv ntawm kev tiv thaiv, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum cov concentration txav mus rau 20-30% ntau.
Kev sib tw:316L stainless hlau yuav poob sai sai ntawm no. Txawm tias 20% Mo super- austenitics yuav qhia cov nqi corrosion tseem ceeb.
2. Qhov "Danger Zone" (30-60%):
Qhov no yog qhov hnyav tshaj plaws concentration ntau rau sulfuric acid ntawm qhov kub thiab txias. Cov kua qaub yog ob qho tib si txo thiab corrosive heev, tawm tsam feem ntau cov ntaub ntawv aggressively.
C-2000 Kev Ua Haujlwm:Qhov no yog qhov twg C-2000 tiag tiag ci. Kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm 16% Mo thiab 1.6% Cu ua haujlwm sib koom ua ke los muab kev ua haujlwm zoo. Cov tooj liab pab txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau, nws, nws cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb Corrosion tus nqi feem ntau qis dua 0.1 hli / xyoo ntawm 80 degree, uas yog qhov tshwj xeeb.
Kev sib tw:C-276 ua tau zoo ntawm no, tab sis C-2000 feem ntau ua haujlwm zoo dua vim yog tooj liab. Zirconium zoo heev tab sis tsis tshua muaj nqi thiab nyuaj rau fabricate. C-2000 muab cov nqi tsim nyog, kev daws teeb meem rau qhov "kev nyab xeeb cheeb tsam."
3. Intermediate Concentrations (60-80%):
Raws li qhov concentration nce, cov kua qaub ua rau qis qis, tab sis tseem nyuaj.
C-2000 Kev Ua Haujlwm:Nws tseem ua tau zoo heev, nrog cov nqi qis corrosion. Cov zaj duab xis passive tseem nyob ruaj khov.
4. Concentrated Sulfuric Acid (80-93%):
Nyob rau hauv cov high concentrations, sulfuric acid ua oxidizing. Kev tawm tsam tam sim no cia siab rau cov ntsiab lus chromium.
C-2000 Kev Ua Haujlwm:Nrog 23% Cr, nws tsim ib txheej oxide ruaj khov uas tiv taus oxidizing xwm ntawm concentrated acid. Nws ua tau zoo heev txog 93% ntawm 80 degree.
Kev sib tw:Tshaj li 90%, cov ntaub ntawv zoo li 304/316 stainless hlau tuaj yeem ua tau zoo txaus vim tias cov kua qaub dhau mus, tab sis lawv muaj peev xwm ua rau chim siab. C-2000 muab kev nyab xeeb ntau dua. Tshaj 93%, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau ntawm qhov kub thiab txias, siab dua - cov ntaub ntawv silicon lossis cov alloys tshwj xeeb yuav xav tau, tab sis rau 80-93% ntau yam, C-2000 yog qhov kev xaiv saum toj kawg nkaus.
Kev Txiav Txim Rau Koj Cov Ntoo:
Yog lawm, Hastelloy C-2000 tuaj yeem txhim kho tag nrho ntawm 10% txog 93% H₂SO₄ ntawm 80℃. Nws tshem tawm qhov xav tau ntawm cov ntsiab lus hloov pauv lossis ntau cov khoom lag luam alloy. Los ntawm kev txhim kho C-2000 welded yeeb nkab thoob plaws koj tag nrho cov sulfuric acid tuav system, koj tsim ib tug zoo xws li, txhim khu kev qha, thiab yooj yim tswj infrastructure. Nws yog arguably qhov zoo tshaj plaws ib leeg-alloy tov rau broad-spectrum sulfuric acid kev pab.
4. Pitting Resistance Equivalent (PRE): Tus lej zoo li cas ntawm C-2000 hauv ib puag ncig uas muaj chloride, thiab nws suav li cas?
Q:Peb cov dej txias txias siv cov dej ntws nrog cov tshuaj chloride raws caij nyoog. Peb tab tom txiav txim siab hloov kho peb cov kav dej kub hloov mus rau Hastelloy C-2000. Kuv tau pom cov ntawv xa mus rau "PRE" cov lej. C-2000's PRE yog dab tsi, thiab nws txhais li cas rau lub ntiaj teb pitting tsis kam?
A:Koj tab tom nug txog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws rau cov alloys hauv chloride-cov dej txias:Pitting Resistance sib npaug (PRE). Thaum PRE feem ntau yog tham txog cov hlau tsis muaj steel, nws kuj yog ib qho cuab yeej zoo sib piv rau cov nickel alloys, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv ib puag ncig qhov chaw corrosion (pitting thiab crevice nres) yog thawj tsis ua hauj lwm mechanism.
PRE yog ib tug lej formula uas sim kwv yees ib qho hlau tsis kam rau pitting corrosion raws nws cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb alloying. Cov mis nyuj ntau tshaj plaws yog:
PRE=%Cr + 3.3 x (%Mo) + 16 x (%N)
(Ceeb toom: Nitrogen tsis yog qhov tseem ceeb ntxiv hauv C-2000, yog li lub sijhawm kawg poob tawm.)
Cia peb suav thiab sib piv C-2000 rau nws cov neeg sib tw:
Hastelloy C-2000 (UNS N06200):
Chromium: ~ 23%
Molybdenum: ~ 16%
PRE=23 + (3.3 x 16)=23 + 52.8=75.8
Hastelloy C-276 (UNS N10276):
Chromium: ~ 16%
Molybdenum: ~ 16%
PRE=16 + (3.3 x 16)=16 + 52.8=68.8
Hastelloy C-22 (UNS N06022):
Chromium: ~ 21%
Molybdenum: ~ 13%
PRE=21 + (3.3 x 13)=21 + 42.9=63.9
Super Austenitic (piv txwv li, 254 SMO):
Chromium: ~ 20%
Molybdenum: ~ 6%
PRE=20 + (3.3 x 6)=20 + 19.8=39.8 (ntxiv rau nitrogen) ~ 43-45
Cov lej no txhais li cas hauv qhov tiag -lub ntiaj teb cov ntsiab lus rau koj tus dej dej kub exchanger?
1. Tus Txheej Txheem Zoo:
Pitting corrosion tsis yog linear ua haujlwm ntawm PRE. Muaj qhov pib. Ib qho hlau nrog PRE ntawm 40 (super austenitic) yuav tiv taus pitting hauv cov tshuaj chloride me me (xws li dej hiav txwv huv ntawm qhov kub thiab txias). Txawm li cas los xij, nrog PRE ntawm75.8, C-2000 yog nyob rau hauv ib qho kev sib tw tag nrho. Nws tsis yog "zoo dua" xwb; nws ua tau zootiv thaiv pitting corrosionnyob rau hauv zoo tag nrho cov dej ntuj, nrog rau cov dej qias neeg heev nrog chloride spikes, siab kub, thiab txawm muaj oxidizing biocides.
2. Lub Chromium-Molybdenum Synergy:
C-2000's PRE kom zoo dua yog los ntawm kev muaj ob qho tib si siab chromium (23%) thiab tshwj xeeb siab molybdenum (16%). Feem ntau cov alloys pauv ib qho rau lwm qhov. C-2000 tsis kam lees. Qhov no txhais tau tias nws cov zaj duab xis passive (los ntawm Cr) ruaj khov, thiab yog tias cov yeeb yaj kiab raug ua txhaum cai, cov ntsiab lus Mo siab tam sim ntawd txhawb kev rov ua dua. Qhov "Critical Pitting Temperature" (CPT) - qhov kub ntawm qhov pitting pib hauv cov tshuaj chloride muab - yog qhov siab dua rau C-2000 dua li cov hlau tsis muaj steel lossis txawm tias C-276.
3. Crevice Corrosion Resistance:
Qhov twg pitting yog ib qho kev pheej hmoo ntawm qhov chaw qhib, crevice corrosion yog ib qho kev pheej hmoo nyob rau hauv gaskets, flanges, thiab deposits. Crevice corrosion yog txawm ntau txhoj puab heev dua pitting. Lub siab PRE ntawm C-2000 txhais ncaj qha mus rau qhov tshwj xeeb crevice corrosion kuj. Hauv koj qhov kev pabcuam dej hauv dej, thaj chaw hauv qab gaskets thiab ntawm lub raj - mus rau -tubesheet pob qij txha- feem ntau cov ntsiab lus tsis muaj zog-yuav tiv thaiv.
Kab hauv qab:
Nrog PRE ntawm ~ 76, C-2000 tsis yog tsuas yog tiv taus pitting hauv koj cov dej ntws; nws yog zoo pitting-pov thawj. Koj tuaj yeem tsim koj lub tshav kub exchanger nrog kev ntseeg siab tias qhov chaw corrosion yuav tsis yog qhov tsis ua haujlwm, tsis hais txog kev hloov pauv raws caij nyoog chloride lossis kev kho biofouling.
5. Lub Fabrication Economics: Rau ib txoj haujlwm tshiab, thaum twg C-2000 ua kev lag luam ntau dua li C-276, xav txog nws cov nqi siab dua?
Q:Peb cov neeg yuav khoom sau tseg tias Hastelloy C-2000 muaj tus nqi siab dua ib phaus dua C-276. Rau qhov project loj uas muaj ntau pua metres ntawm cov yeeb nkab welded, peb yuav ua li cas kom pom tseeb tus nqi? Puas muaj cov nqi khaws cia uas cuam tshuam cov nqi khoom kim dua?
A:Nov yog cov lus nug uas nyuaj tshaj plaws uas pab pawg neeg tuaj yeem nug. Cov lus teb yog nyob rau hauv kev txav dhau "tus nqi ib phaus" mus rau "tag nrho cov nqi nruab" thiab "tus nqi lifecycle." C-2000 tus nqi nce siab dua feem ntau yog offset-thiab qee zaum overweighed- los ntawm kev txuag hauv kev tsim, tsim, thiab kev ntseeg tau ntev. Qhov no yog qhov tseeb tshwj xeeb rau cov haujlwm nrog cov txheej txheem chemistry nyuaj lossis ib puag ncig hnyav.
Ntawm no yog cov ntaub ntawv nyiaj txiag rau C-2000:
1. "Ib qho Alloy" Cov Khoom Muag Khoom Muag:
Yog tias koj cov nroj tsuag siv ntau yam tshuaj (xws li sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, ferric chloride, caustic), tej zaum koj yuav ib txwm npaj ntau yam alloys: C-276 rau txo, G-30 rau oxidizing, thiab lwm yam. Nrog C-2000, koj tuaj yeem ua qauv.
Txuag:Txo cov khoom muag nqa cov nqi. Tsis muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev siv cov hlau tsis raug hauv ib kab. Kev tsim khoom yooj yim thiab ruaj khov. Rau ib qhov project loj, muaj peev xwm yuav tag nrho cov yeeb nkab los ntawm ib qho hlau alloy hauv ib qho tuaj yeem txo tus nqi ntawm ib qho -unit price, nqaim qhov sib txawv nrog C-276.
2. Tsim Thickness Savings (Qhov "Corrosion Allowance" Factor):
C-2000 tus nqi tsis sib xws hauv qhov sib xyaw ua ke feem ntau qis dua C-276's. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj, nws tsis kam mus rau hauv cheeb tsam corrosion (pitting / crevice) yog superior.
Txuag:Yog tias koj tus qauv tsim qauv yuav tsum muaj kev tiv thaiv corrosion, koj tuaj yeem hais qhia cov txheej txheem phab ntsa nyias nrog C-2000 piv rau C-276. Piv txwv li, yog C-276 yuav tsum muaj 3 hli corrosion kuj vim muaj peev xwm pitting nyob rau hauv kev chim siab, tab sis C-2000 yuav tsum tau tsuas yog 1 hli, qhov hnyav ntawm cov hlau yuav tsum poob ho. Koj tab tom yuav cov yeeb nkab tsawg (los ntawm qhov hnyav) rau tib txoj kab uas hla thiab qhov ntsuas siab. Qhov no tuaj yeem tshem tawm tag nrho cov nqi them ua ntej.
3. Fabrication thiab Vuam Txuag:
C-2000 feem ntau raug suav hais tias muaj kev ruaj ntseg zoo dua li C-276, txhais tau tias nws tsis tshua muaj kev cuam tshuam rau cov nag lossis daus ntawm theem nrab thaum vuam.
Txuag:Qhov no tuaj yeem txhais tau sai dua vuam nrawm, tsawg dua qhov tsis lees paub welds, thiab muaj peev xwm tshem tawm qhov xav tau ntawm kev xa khoom kim heev -weld heat treatment (PWHT) hauv qee daim ntawv thov. Faster fabrication txo cov nqi zog hauv khw, uas yog ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm tag nrho cov nqi ntsia.
4. Kev cia siab thiab kev poob qis (Qhov "Hidden" Txuag):
Qhov no yog qhov nyuaj tshaj plaws kom muaj nuj nqis tab sis feem ntau qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws.
Scenario:Koj cov txheej txheem muaj qee zaus chim siab -ib qho tshuaj chlorides, poob rau hauv pH, ib qho kev npaj txhij txog oxidizing kab mob. C-276 tuaj yeem muaj sia nyob cov kev ntxhov siab no, tab sis nrog qee qhov kev tawm tsam hauv zos. Nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los, qhov kev tawm tsam no sib sau ua ke, ua rau lub qhov dej ntws tawm. C-2000, nrog rau nws qhov dav passivation ntau yam, tsuas yog shrugs tawm tib yam chim siab.
Txuag:Tus nqi ntawm ib qho kev kaw tsis tau npaj los hloov cov yeeb nkab xau tuaj yeem yog kaum txhiab lossis ntau pua txhiab daus las hauv kev tsim khoom ploj. Yog tias C-2000 tiv thaiv ib qho kev tshwm sim dhau lub neej ntawm cov nroj tsuag, nws tau them rau nws cov nqi ntau zaus.
Kev suav rau koj qhov project:
Txhawm rau kom pom tseeb C-2000, koj yuav tsum ua qhov kev tshuaj xyuas yooj yim:
Xam covtag nrho hnyavntawm cov yeeb nkab yuav tsum tau rau ob qho tib si alloys raws li lawv xav tau phab ntsa thickness (corrosion pub + siab).
Xam covtag nrho cov nqi khoom siv(tus nqi / kg x hnyav).
Ntxiv kwv yeesfabrication/welding nqirau txhua tus.
Sib piv covTag Nrho Cov Nqi Them Nqi.
Tom qab ntawd, overlay lubphom sij: Yuav ua li cas yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm tus txheej txheem chim siab, thiab dab tsi yuav tus nqi nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm downtime?
Feem ntau, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem chemistry sib txawv los yog chlorides tam sim no, C-2000 tshwm sim raws li kev lag luam zoo tshaj qhov kev xaiv ntawm lub neej ntawm cov nroj tsuag. Nws tsis yog ib qho alloy xwb; nws yog ib lub tswv yim tswj kev pheej hmoo.
