1. Hastelloy UNS N10665 yog dab tsi, thiab nws muaj pes tsawg leeg ua kom muaj txiaj ntsig tshwj xeeb hauv kev txo cov kua qaub ib puag ncig?
Teb:
Hastelloy UNS N10665, feem ntau hu ua Hastelloy B-2, yog nickel-molybdenum alloy uas tsis tshua muaj carbon thiab silicon cov ntsiab lus, tsim kom muaj kev tiv thaiv tshwj xeeb los txo cov kua qaub, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog hydrochloric acid ntawm tag nrho cov concentrations thiab kub txog rau boiling. Round tuav tsim los ntawm cov hlau no ua haujlwm tseem ceeb rau cov khoom siv ua haujlwm hauv cov khoom siv tshuaj phem tshaj plaws.
Tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg (A ASTM B335):
| Element | Qhov hnyav% |
|---|---|
| Nickel (Ni) | Qhov nyiaj tshuav (65% min) |
| Molybdenum (hli) | 26.0 - 30.0 |
| Hlau (Fe) | Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 2.0 |
| Chromium (Cr) | Tsawg dua los yog sib npaug rau 1.0 |
| Cobalt (zeeg) | Tsawg dua los yog sib npaug rau 1.0 |
| Cov pa roj carbon (C) | Tsawg dua los yog sib npaug li 0.02 |
| Silicon (Si) | Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 0.10 |
| Manganese (Mn) | Tsawg dua los yog sib npaug rau 1.0 |
Cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb ntawm Compositional:
High Molybdenum (26-30%):
Muab qhov tshwj xeeb tiv thaiv kom tsis txhob muaj cov kua qaub, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog hydrochloric acid (HCl) ntawm tag nrho cov concentrations thiab kub txog rau boiling.
Tsim cov yeeb yaj kiab tiv thaiv ntawm molybdenum oxides thiab ntsev uas ruaj khov hauv kev txo qis ib puag ncig.
Qhov tseem ceeb contributor rau corrosion kuj nyob rau hauv uas tsis yog -oxidizing acids.
Cov ntsiab lus molybdenum siab kuj muab kev tiv thaiv rau sulfuric, phosphoric, thiab acetic acids hauv kev txo qis.
Cov pa roj carbon tsawg (tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 0.02%):
Minimizes carbide nag lossis daus thaum vuam thiab thermal raug.
Qhov tseem ceeb rau kev tswj hwm intergranular corrosion kuj.
Txo qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev hnov mob hauv tshav kub- thaj tsam cuam tshuam thaum vuam.
Tsawg Silicon (tsawg dua lossis sib npaug rau 0.10%):
Txo qhov tsim ntawm intermetallic theem (Ni-Mo xaj theem) uas tuaj yeem embrittle cov hlau.
Txhim kho thermal stability thaum vuam thiab fabrication, tab sis B-2 tseem rhiab dua li tom qab B-3.
Tsawg Chromium (tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 1.0%):
Tsis zoo li ntau cov nickel alloys uas tso siab rau chromium rau corrosion kuj, B-2 txhob txwm txwv chromium.
Chromium yuav cuam tshuam nrog molybdenum-raws li kev tiv thaiv zaj duab xis hauv kev txo cov kua qaub.
Qhov kev txwv no txhais tau tias B-2 tsis haum rau oxidizing ib puag ncig.
Tsawg Hlau (tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 2.0%):
Minimizes tsim ntawm theem nrab.
Khaws cov npib tsib xee- molybdenum tshuav nyiaj li cas tseem ceeb rau kev tiv thaiv corrosion.
Vim li cas B-2 Excels hauv Kev Txo Acids:
Hauv kev txo cov kua qaub xws li hydrochloric acid, corrosion tshwm sim los ntawm kev txo cov hydrogen ions. Cov ntsiab lus molybdenum siab nyob rau hauv B-2 txhawb kev tsim cov yeeb yaj kiab ruaj khov, tiv thaiv cov yeeb yaj kiab uas insoluble hauv cov cheeb tsam no. Tsis zoo li cov hlau tsis zoo uas cia siab rau cov yeeb yaj kiab chromium oxide (uas tsis ruaj khov hauv kev txo cov kua qaub), B-2's molybdenum-based tiv thaiv muab kev ua tau zoo tshwj xeeb uas lwm cov hlau tsis ua haujlwm sai.
Sib piv rau Lwm Cov Alloys hauv HCl Kev Pabcuam:
| Alloy | Tus txheeb ze Performance in Boiling HCl | Kev txwv |
|---|---|---|
| B-2 (N10665) | Zoo tshaj hauv chav kawm | Tsis yog rau oxidizing tej yam kev mob |
| B-3 (N10675) | Sib npaug rau B-2 | Txhim kho fabricability |
| C-276 (N10276) | Zoo, tab sis qis Mo txwv kev ua haujlwm | Zoo dua rau cov kua qaub sib xyaw |
| 316L (S31603) | pluag; nres ceev | Tsis haum |
| Zirconium | Zoo heev | Tus nqi siab heev, muaj tsawg tsawg |
2. Dab tsi yog cov ntawv thov tseem ceeb rau Hastelloy B-2 round bars hauv kev lag luam tshuaj thiab tshuaj?
Teb:
Hastelloy B-2 puag ncig tuav tau teev tseg rau cov ntawv thov tshwj xeeb los txo cov kua qaub, tshwj xeeb yog hydrochloric acid, yuav tsum tau ua. Daim ntawv puag ncig yog feem ntau machined rau hauv cov khoom uas yuav tsum tau tiv taus qhov kev nruj tshaj plaws corrosive ib puag ncig thaum tuav txhua yam kev ncaj ncees.
Kev Siv Tshuaj Siv Tshuaj:
Hydrochloric Acid (HCl) Kev Pabcuam:
Muaj nuj nqi: Cov khoom xyaw hauv HCl ntau lawm, tuav, thiab khaws cia.
Vim li cas B-2 Round Bars: Tsis sib haum xeeb tiv thaiv HCl ntawm txhua qhov kev xav tau thiab kub mus txog qhov kub. Siv rau:
Pump Shafts: Rau cov twj centrifugal thiab qhov zoo ntawm cov twj tso kua mis circulating HCl.
Valve Stems thiab Cheebtsam: Stems, pob, rooj zaum, thiab lub cev rau HCl kev pabcuam li qub.
Fasteners: Bolts, studs, thiab ceev rau flanged kev sib txuas hauv HCl systems.
Kev ntsuas: Thermowells, sensor vaj tse, orifice daim hlau.
Sulfuric Acid (H₂SO₄) Kev Pabcuam:
Muaj nuj nqi: Cheebtsam hauv sulfuric acid cov nroj tsuag thiab tuav cov tshuab.
Vim li cas B-2 Round Bars: Kev tiv thaiv zoo heev rau sulfuric acid hauv kev txo qis (txog 60%) ntawm qhov kub nruab nrab.
Cov khoom xyaw nquag: Agitator shafts, valve stems, twj tso kua mis shafts.
Phosphoric Acid (H₃PO₄) Kev Pabcuam:
Muaj nuj nqi: Cov khoom xyaw hauv phosphoric acid ntau lawm (qhov twg fluorides tsis tuaj).
Vim li cas B-2 Round Bars: Zoo tiv taus cov ntshiab phosphoric acid; Rau cov kua qaub tsis huv nrog cov fluorides, G-30 tuaj yeem nyiam.
Kev Pabcuam Acetic Acid thiab Organic Acid:
Muaj nuj nqi: Cov khoom xyaw hauv acetic acid ntau lawm thiab tuav.
Vim li cas B-2 Round Bars: Kev ua haujlwm zoo heev rau txhua qhov kev sib xyaw ntawm acetic acid, txawm tias thaum boiling.
Pharmaceutical Industry Applications:
API Synthesis Reactor Cheebtsam:
Muaj nuj nqi: Agitator shafts, baffle kev txhawb nqa, thiab ntsuas hauv reactors rau cov khoom siv tshuaj nquag (API) synthesis.
Vim li cas B-2 Round Bars: Tiv thaiv cov hlau tsis huv ntawm cov khoom lag luam rhiab heev; resists txhoj puab heev reagents thiab ntxuav tus neeg sawv cev.
High -Purity Water Systems:
Muaj nuj nqi: Cov khoom xyaw hauv dej rau kev txhaj tshuaj (WFI) cov tshuab thiab cov cuab yeej ua kom huv.
Vim li cas B-2 Round Bars: Resistant corrosion los ntawm high-purity dej thiab tshuaj tua kab mob; smooth machined nto tiv thaiv kab mob adhesion.
Cov khoom siv chromatography:
Muaj nuj nqi: Precision Cheebtsam hauv kev npaj chromatography systems.
Vim li cas B-2 Round Bars: Inert rau mobile theem; machined kom meej tolerances rau sealing nto.
Lwm yam kev siv:
| Kev lag luam | Daim ntawv thov | Cheebtsam Machined los ntawm Bar |
|---|---|---|
| Nuclear Roj Processing | Dissolver Cheebtsam | Agitator shafts, fasteners |
| Hlau Refining | Acid leaching khoom | Pump shafts, valve stems |
| Kev kho khib nyiab | Acid neutralization systems | Valve Cheebtsam, agitators |
| Tshuaj Tankers | Cargo twj thiab li qub | Shafts, impellers, seals |
| Pulp thiab ntawv | Bleach cog khoom siv | Mixer shafts, fasteners |
Tej Cheebtsam Machined los ntawm B-2 Round Bars:
| Cheebtsam | Bar Size Range | Machining kev ua haujlwm |
|---|---|---|
| Pump Shafts | 1" - 8" diam | Tig, sib tsoo, keyway txiav |
| Valve Stems | 0.5" - 4" diam | Tig, threading, sib tsoo |
| Valve Pob | 1" - 6" diam | Tig, milling, sib tsoo, lapping |
| Fasteners | 0.25" - 3" diam | Xov dov / txiav, taub hau |
| Thermowells | 0.5" - 2" diam | Drilling (qhov tob), tig, threading |
| Agitator Ncej | 2" - 8" diam | Tig, keyway txiav |
| Ntaus Fittings | 0.25" - 1" diam | Precision tig, threading |
Case Study: Hydrochloric Acid Pump Shafts
Ib tsob nroj tshuaj uas tsim HCl tau ntsib kev ua tsis tiav ntawm 316L stainless hlau twj tso kua mis hauv 32% HCl kev pabcuam ntawm qhov kub thiab txias. Ncej lub neej nruab nrab tsuas yog 3-4 lub hlis vim muaj kev xeb sai thiab pitting. Hloov shafts machined los ntawm Hastelloy B-2 puag ncig tuav txuas ntxiv kev pab cuam lub neej dhau 5 xyoos, tsis muaj kev ntsuas qhov ntsuas tau pom thaum kuaj xyuas txhua xyoo. Tus nqi ntawm cov khoom siv ntau dua tau rov qab los ntawm 12 lub hlis los ntawm kev txo cov txij nkawm thiab kev poob qis.
3. Dab tsi machining yam ntxwv tshwj xeeb rau Hastelloy B-2 puag ncig tuav, thiab cov khw yuav ua li cas thiaj li ua tau zoo rau cov khoom lag luam zoo?
Teb:
Machining Hastelloy B-2 round bars nthuav tawm cov kev cov nyom tseem ceeb vim lub alloy lub zog siab, ua hauj lwm ceev- hardening rate, thiab thermal conductivity tsawg. Kev nkag siab txog cov yam ntxwv no yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev tsim khoom kom tau txais txiaj ntsig thiab muaj txiaj ntsig zoo.
Kev txiav txim siab txog kev coj tus cwj pwm:
Siab zog:
Annealed tensile zog: 110 ksi (760 MPa) yam tsawg kawg nkaus.
Yuav tsum muaj kev txiav ntau dua thiab kev teeb tsa nruj.
Yield zog: 51 ksi (350 MPa) yam tsawg kawg nkaus.
Rapid Work Hardening:
Ua hauj lwm hardens ceev heev thaum lub sij hawm machining.
Thaum ua hauj lwm hardened, nto ua abrasive thiab nyuaj rau txiav.
Qhov cuam tshuam: Yuav tsum txiav hauv qab ua haujlwm- txheej tawv tawv; zam lub teeb txiav uas rub. Txhua qhov hla yuav tsum sib sib zog nqus kom tau qis dua qhov ua haujlwm yav dhau los- tawv tawv.
Tsawg Thermal conductivity:
Thaum tshav kub kub generated ntawm qhov txiav cheeb tsam nyob twj ywm concentrated.
Ua rau cov cuab yeej siab kub, ua kom cov cuab yeej siv nrawm nrawm.
Qhov cuam tshuam: Yuav tsum tau ua kom txias thiab cua sov- cov ntaub ntawv tiv taus.
Gummy Chips:
Ua kom tawv, stringy chips uas tuaj yeem qhwv ib ncig ntawm lub cuab yeej thiab workpiece.
Qhov cuam tshuam: Yuav tsum tau chip breakers thiab nquag nti tswj cov tswv yim.
Chip entanglement ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev nyab xeeb thiab tuaj yeem ua kom puas qhov chaw tiav.
Ua -Up Edge (BUE):
Cov khoom tuaj yeem welding mus rau qhov txiav ntug, cuam tshuam kev ua tiav thiab lub neej cuab yeej.
Qhov cuam tshuam: Cov cuab yeej ntse, nrawm nrawm / pub, thiab cov khoom ua kom txias yog qhov tseem ceeb.
Optimization Strategies:
Kev xaiv cuab yeej:
| Kev ua haujlwm | Pom zoo cov cuab yeej siv | Geometry |
|---|---|---|
| Tig (rough) | Carbide (C-2 qib), coated (TiAlN / AlTiN) | Zoo rake, ntse ntug, chip breaker |
| Tig (tiav) | Carbide, CBN rau nyuaj- tig | Wiper inserts rau tag, ntse ntug |
| Milling | Carbide, siab - feed cutters | Zoo geometry, ntse |
| Drilling | Carbide, cobalt HSS rau qhov me me | Split point, coolant los ntawm |
| Tapping | Daim ntawv kais nyiam tshaj qhov txiav cov kais dej | Tshwj xeeb geometry rau nickel alloys |
| Xov | Xov milling lossis ib zaug -point | Tag nrho profile inserts, ntau dhau |
Txiav Parameters:
| Kev ua haujlwm | Ceev (SFM) | Pub (IPR) | Qhov tob ntawm Txiav |
|---|---|---|---|
| Tig (rough) | 40-70 | 0.010-0.018 | 0.050-0.150" |
| Tig (tiav) | 50-80 | 0.003-0.008 | 0.010-0.030" |
| Milling | 40-70 | 0.002-0.005 PIB | 0.020-0.100" |
| Drilling | 20-35 | 0.001-0.004 PAB | Peck voj voog (0.5-1 × txoj kab uas hla) |
| Tapping (form) | 10-15 | Matches xov suab | N/A |
Coolant thiab Lubrication:
Dej nyab qhov tseem ceeb; siab -siab los ntawm- lub cuab tam nyiam (300-1000 psi).
Siv dej- cov kua dej ua kua dej nrog EP additives (siab heev).
Rau tapping thiab threading, xav txog tshwj xeeb tapping compounds (chlorinated los yog sulfurized roj).
Ua kom tiav cov dej txias kom tswj tau cov cua sov thiab dej ntws tawm.
Toolpath Strategies:
Tswj kev koom tes tas li (trochoidal milling, adaptive clearing).
Tsis txhob nyob hauv tsev lossis rub txhua lub sijhawm.
Climb milling nyiam los txo kev ua haujlwm hardening.
Siv tev milling rau qhov sib sib zog nqus los tswj cov nti khiav tawm.
Kev ua haujlwm:
Rigid teeb tseem ceeb los tiv thaiv kev vibration.
Siv hydraulic lossis mechanical chucks nrog kev tuav kom zoo.
Txhawb nqa ntev ntev nrog cov chaw so ruaj khov lossis cov chaw tailstock.
Minimize overhang kom txo chatter.
Surface Finish Considerations:
| Kev xav tau | Tswv yim |
|---|---|
| Txheem machining (63-125 Ra) | Kev pub / nrawm, cov cuab yeej ntse |
| Precision tiav (16-32 Ra) | Wiper inserts, tiav dhau, txo pub |
| Ultra{0}}zoo (8-16 Ra) | Sib tsoo los yog polishing tom qab machining |
| Xov | Xov milling lossis ib qho - taw tes nrog ntau lub teeb hla |
Common Challenges thiab Solutions:
| Kev sib tw | Kev daws |
|---|---|
| Cov cuab yeej siv ceev ceev | Txo ceev, txhim kho cua txias, siv coated carbides |
| Qhov chaw tsis zoo | Ua kom ceev, txo cov khoom noj, cov cuab yeej ntse |
| Chip tswj | Chip breaker inserts, siab -pressure coolant |
| Ua hauj lwm hardening | Tswj nruj nruj pub, zam kev txiav lub teeb |
| Ua - nce ntug | Ua kom ceev, txhim kho lubrication |
| Kev vibration / sib tham | Nce rigidity, txo overhang, sib txawv ceev |
| Dimensional variation | Tswj cov cua sov ua kom sov, cia txias - hauv nruab nrab ntawm kev hla |
Machining Sequence rau Cov Khoom Tseem Ceeb:
Roughing: Tshem tawm cov khoom loj nrog cov khoom hnyav, tawm ntawm 0.020-0.040 "rau kev ua tiav.
Kev ntxhov siab (xaiv tau): Rau cov khoom muaj tseeb, xav txog kev txo kev ntxhov siab tom qab roughing los so kom txaus cov kev ntxhov siab (saib B-2 txwv).
Semi-Tiav: Tshuab rau hauv 0.005-0.010" ntawm qhov ntev kawg.
Finish: Thaum kawg txiav nrog lub teeb txau thiab cov cuab yeej ntse kom pom qhov tseeb thiab qhov chaw tiav.
Threading / Sib Tsoo: Cov haujlwm kawg nrog cov txheej txheem tsim nyog.
4. Dab tsi yog kev tswj hwm thiab ntawv pov thawj uas yuav tsum tau siv rau Hastelloy B-2 round bars rau cov ntawv thov tseem ceeb?
Teb:
Hastelloy B-2 puag ncig rau kev siv tshuaj lom neeg tseem ceeb yuav tsum muaj kev tswj xyuas kom zoo thiab ua tiav daim ntawv pov thawj los xyuas kom meej cov khoom zoo, corrosion kuj, thiab kev ntseeg tau ntev. Cov kev cai no feem ntau tshaj cov qauv ASTM specifications.
Tswj Specifications:
| Txuj | Title | Daim ntawv thov |
|---|---|---|
| ASTM B 335 Cov Lus Qhia Tshwj Xeeb | Nickel{0}}Molybdenum Alloy Qws, Bar, thiab Hlau | Cov khoom tseem ceeb specification |
| ASTM B880 Cov Lus Qhia Tshwj Xeeb | General Requirements rau Nickel Alloy Qws, Bar, thiab Hlau | Cov kev xav tau ntxiv |
| ASME Section II, Part B | SIB-335 | ASME Boiler & Pressure Vessel Code version |
| Cov neeg siv khoom -Tshwj xeeb | Ntau yam | Feem ntau nruj dua |
Cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj yuav tsum muaj:
Mill Test Report (MTR):
Certified tshuaj ntsuam xyuas ib lub tshav kub.
Kev txheeb xyuas cov cuab yeej cuab tam (tensile, yield, elongation).
Cov ntawv pov thawj kev kho cua sov (kub, sijhawm, quench method).
Traceability los ntawm yaj mus rau tiav bar.
Thaum tshav kub kub Traceability:
Txhua bar cim nrog tus lej kub.
Daim ntawv qhia ntawm cov tuav rau cov cua sov tshwj xeeb khaws cia.
Positive Material Identification (PMI):
Feem ntau xav tau rau cov ntawv thov tseem ceeb.
Txheeb xyuas qib ntawm txhua qhov bar (100% kev soj ntsuam ntau).
X-ray fluorescence (XRF) lossis optical emission spectroscopy (OES).
Chemical Composition Verification (ASTM B335):
| Element | Kev xav tau (%) |
|---|---|
| Nickel | Qhov nyiaj tshuav (65% min) |
| Molybdenum | 26.0 - 30.0 |
| Hlau | Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 2.0 |
| Chromium | Tsawg dua los yog sib npaug rau 1.0 |
| Cobalt | Tsawg dua los yog sib npaug rau 1.0 |
| Cov pa roj carbon | Tsawg dua los yog sib npaug li 0.02 |
| Silicon | Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 0.10 |
| Manganese | Tsawg dua los yog sib npaug rau 1.0 |
Mechanical Property Verification (ASTM B335):
| Khoom | Chav ntsuas kub xav tau |
|---|---|
| Tensile zog | 110 ksi (760 MPa) yam tsawg kawg nkaus |
| Yield zog (0.2% offset) | 51 ksi (350 MPa) yam tsawg kawg nkaus |
| Elongation | 40% yam tsawg kawg nkaus |
Tsis yog -Kev Tshawb Fawb Kev Ua Phem (NDE):
| Txoj kev | Daim ntawv thov | Lub Hom Phiaj |
|---|---|---|
| Kev kuaj ultrasonic (UT) | Loj diameters, kev siv tseem ceeb | Inclusions, voids, tawg |
| Eddy Current Testing (ET) | Cov kab me me, kev tshuaj xyuas saum npoo | Nto seams, laps, tawg |
| Cov kua dej Penetrant (PT) | Bar xaus, xav tias thaj chaw | Nto tawg, laps |
| Visual Examination (VT) | 100% ntawm bar nto | Surface defects, finish quality |
Dimensional soj ntsuam:
| Parameter | Kev kam rau siab (rau ASTM B335) | Kev ntsuas ntsuas |
|---|---|---|
| Txoj kab uas hla | +0.000", -0.005" rau -0.020" (qhov loj me nyob ntawm) | Micrometer, calipers |
| Ntev | +0.125" rau +0.250", -0" | Daim kab xev ntsuas |
| Kev ncaj | 1/8 "hauv 3 ko taw (tseem) | Straightedge, feeler gauge |
| Nto tiav | Raws li tau teev tseg (feem ntau 63-125 Ra) | Kev pom, profileometer |
| Ovality | Nyob rau hauv txoj kab uas hla kam rau ua | Calipers, micrometer |
Surface Quality Requirements:
Tsis Muaj Kev Tso Cai: Cracks, laps, seams, pits, scratches, tuag marks.
Txais: Cov kab kos duab teeb, cov cim tuav me me (yog tias nyob rau hauv tiav spec).
Kev tshuaj xyuas: Pom pom hauv qab teeb pom kev zoo; PT rau thaj chaw tseem ceeb.
Corrosion Testing (Qhov tseem ceeb rau B-Alloys):
ASTM G28 Txoj Kev A:
Lub hom phiaj: Tshawb xyuas qhov cuam tshuam rau intergranular corrosion.
Ib puag ncig: Boiling ferric sulfate-sulfuric acid (50% H₂SO₄ + ferric sulfate).
Duration: 24 teev (tseem ceeb).
Txais: Corrosion rate Tsawg dua los yog sib npaug li 0.5 mm / xyoo (ib txwm; feem ntau nruj).
Qhov tseem ceeb rau B-2: Txheeb xyuas tias kev kho cua sov ua haujlwm tau zoo thiab cov khoom siv tsis muaj kev puas tsuaj rau precipitates (theem).
ASTM G28 Txoj Kev B:
Lub hom phiaj: Ntsuam xyuas kev tiv thaiv corrosion.
Ib puag ncig: Boiling sulfuric acid nrog ferric sulfate (qhov sib txawv).
Kev Cai Corrosion Test:
Simulated txheej txheem ib puag ncig (piv txwv li, boiling HCl ntawm tej concentration).
Kev kuaj daim coupon hauv qhov tseeb lossis simulated txheej txheem.
Kev kuaj tshwj xeeb rau cov ntawv thov tseem ceeb:
| Kuaj | Lub hom phiaj | Yam yuav tsum tau muaj |
|---|---|---|
| Loj Loj | Txheeb xyuas cov txheej txheem microstructure | ASTM 4-7 rau ASTM E112 |
| Inclusion Rating | Kev ntsuas kev huv | Raws li ASTM E45 |
| Kev Tshawb Fawb Hardness | Txheeb xyuas qhov sib xws | Tsis pub dhau qhov txwv |
| Microstructural Examination | Txheeb xyuas cov theem kom raug | Tsis muaj kev puas tsuaj rau precipitates (theem) |
| Khoov Test | Txheeb xyuas qhov ductility | Raws li ASTM B335 |
Cov ntaub ntawv pob (Tswj rau Kev Pabcuam Tseem Ceeb):
| Cov ntaub ntawv | Cov ntsiab lus |
|---|---|
| Certified Mill Test Report | Chemistry, mechanicals, kho cua sov |
| NDE Reports | UT, ET, PT ceeb toom nrog cov txiaj ntsig |
| Dimensional Inspection Report | Ntsuas qhov ntev |
| PMI Report | Kev txheeb xyuas qib rau txhua qhov bar |
| Corrosion Test Reports | Cov txiaj ntsig ASTM G28 (qhov tseem ceeb rau B-2) |
| Kev kho cua sov kab kos | Rauv lub sij hawm-cov ntaub ntawv kub |
| Daim Ntawv Pov Thawj Ua Raws Cai | Nqe lus piav qhia txog kev ua raws cai |
| Cov ntaub ntawv Traceability | Thaum tshav kub kub rau bar daim ntawv qhia |
ASTM B335 Cov Lus Cog Tseg:
ASTM B 335 Cov Lus Qhia Tshwj Xeeb
Qib (UNS N10665)
Loj (inch × ntev)
Kub naj npawb
Tus neeg tsim khoom lub npe lossis lub cim lag luam
Lub teb chaws ntawm keeb kwm
Ntim thiab Kev Tiv Thaiv:
Kev qhwv tus kheej lossis lub tes tsho yas.
Cov kaus mom kawg los tiv thaiv qhov kawg ntawm kev puas tsuaj.
Bundle wrapping nrog cov khoom tiv thaiv.
Ntoo crating rau export lossis xa khoom tseem ceeb.
Desiccant rau ya raws -sensitive applications.
Kev sib cais los ntawm carbon steel thaum khaws cia thiab xa khoom.
Kev lees paub rau Kev Pabcuam Tseem Ceeb:
Tsis muaj qhov chaw lossis sab hauv.
Chemical composition nyob rau hauv specification.
Mechanical zog lub rooj sib tham los yog tshaj minima.
Dimensional ua raws li ASTM B335 lossis cov neeg siv khoom PO.
PMI txheeb xyuas (100%).
Corrosion xeem dhau (ASTM G28 Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug ntawm 0.5 hli / xyoo raug).
Cov ntaub ntawv tag nrho muab.
5. Cov kev xav txog kev kho cua sov dab tsi yog qhov tshwj xeeb rau Hastelloy B-2 round bars, thiab vim li cas qhov kev kub ceev yog qhov tseem ceeb?
Teb:
Kev kho cua sov ntawm Hastelloy B-2 puag ncig tuav yuav tsum muaj kev tswj xyuas kom ua tiav qhov kev pom zoo corrosion thiab cov khoom siv kho tshuab. Tsis zoo li ntau cov alloys, B-2 yog rhiab heev rau qhov txias txias, ua kom zoo quenching tseem ceeb heev.
Cov Kev Xaiv Kho Kub Kub:
Solution Annealing (Standard Condition):
Kub: 2050℃F - 2150℃F (1120℃- 1175℃).
Lub sij hawm: 30-60 feeb ib nti ntawm tuab (tsawg kawg 15 feeb).
Cua txias: ceev ceev quench yuav tsum tau (dej quench nyiam; roj ceev ceev txias rau nyias seem nrog xyuas).
Lub hom phiaj:
Dissolve tej theem precipitated (carbides, intermetallic).
Ua tiav homogeneous, ib zaug -theem austenitic microstructure.
Restore ductility tom qab ua haujlwm kub lossis txias.
Optimize corrosion kuj.
Yam khoom tshwm sim:
Tensile: 110-125 ksi
Yield: 51-65 ksi
Elongation: 40-50%
Hardness: B90-100
Stress Relieving:
Feem ntau TSIS pom zoo rau B-2.
Qhov ntsuas kub ntawm qhov kev ntxhov siab (1200℃F-1600℃F) yog raws nraim qhov twg cov theem tsis zoo los nag.
Yog tias tsim nyog, sab laj nrog tus neeg muag khoom thiab xyuas los ntawm kev kuaj corrosion.
Annealed thiab Txias Drawn (Temper):
Txheej Txheem: Txias kos duab tom qab cov tshuaj annealing.
Cov nyhuv: Ua kom muaj zog, txo cov ductility los ntawm kev ua haujlwm hardening.
Daim ntaub ntawv: Qhov twg muaj zog dua xav tau yam tsis muaj kev kho cua sov (fasteners, shafts).
Yam khoom tshwm sim:
Tensile: Mus txog 140-160 ksi
Tawm tswv yim: Mus txog 100-120 ksi
Elongation: 10-20% (nyob ntawm tus npau taws)
Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm Rapid Quenching:
B-2 yog qhov cuam tshuam rau kev tsim cov theem ntawm intermetallic (Ni-Mo xaj theem, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog theem) thaum raug kub hnyiab ntawm 1200℃F-1600℃F (650℃-870℃). Thaum lub sij hawm txias los ntawm annealing kub, lub bar yuav tsum dhau los ntawm no ntau yam. Yog tias qhov txias txias qeeb dhau, cov theem no los nag, ua rau:
Embrittlement: Kev poob hnyav ntawm ductility thiab cuam tshuam tsis kam.
Poob ntawm Corrosion Resistance: Kev nyiam nres ntawm theem ciam teb.
Risk of Cracking: Thaum lub sij hawm tom qab tuav, machining, los yog kev pab cuam.
Cooling Rate Requirements:
| Tshooj Loj | Pom zoo txoj kev ua kom txias |
|---|---|
| Tsawg dua los yog sib npaug li 1/2 "inch | Rapid quench (dej los yog roj ceev) |
| 1/2" - 2" diam | Kev ywg dej yog qhov tseem ceeb |
| 2" - 4" diam | Dej quench nrog kev ntxhov siab |
| >4" diam | Dej quench; kev pheej hmoo ntawm cov nag lossis daus loj tuaj |
Yog vim li cas dej Quench yog nyiam:
Dej muab cov cua txias ceev tshaj plaws los ntawm qhov ntsuas kub tseem ceeb.
Minimizes lub sij hawm ntawm qhov kub thiab txias qhov twg theem precipitate.
Qhov tseem ceeb rau txoj kab uas hla loj dua qhov chaw txias txias qeeb dua.
Kev txiav txim siab Microstructural:
Phase nag lossis daus:
Qhov kev txhawj xeeb tseem ceeb yog nag lossis daus ntawm Ni-Mo xaj theem (theem).
Cov theem no tsim ntawm cov ciam teb thiab hauv cov nplej.
Thaum tsim, lawv tsis tuaj yeem raug tshem tawm tsuas yog los ntawm re- kev daws teeb meem annealing.
Kev txheeb xyuas:
ASTM G28 corrosion testing yog qhov tseem ceeb los xyuas kom meej qhov kev kho cua sov kom zoo.
High corrosion rates (>0.5 mm / xyoo) qhia theem nag lossis daus.
Kev ntsuam xyuas microstructural tuaj yeem pom cov dej nag.
Cov lus pom zoo kho cua sov rau B-2 Bars:
| Daim ntawv thov | Pom zoo mob | Kev txiav txim siab tseem ceeb |
|---|---|---|
| Standard Cheebtsam | Cov tshuaj annealed, dej quenched | Tshawb xyuas nrog kev kuaj corrosion |
| Siab -cov khoom muaj zog | Cold kos tom qab annealing | Tsis muaj kev kho cua sov ntxiv |
| Cheebtsam xav tau kev ntxhov siab | Zam yog tias ua tau; siv B-3 hloov | B-2 tsis haum rau kev ntxhov siab |
Kev Tshawb Fawb Txog Kev Kho Kub Kub:
| Kuaj | Lub hom phiaj | Txais |
|---|---|---|
| Kev kuaj Hardness | Txheeb xyuas qhov sib xws | Hauv qhov ntau |
| Microstructural Examination | Tshawb xyuas cov dej nag | Tsis muaj theem |
| Kev kuaj Corrosion (ASTM G28) | Txheeb xyuas qhov kev tiv thaiv corrosion | Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 0.5 hli / xyoo |
Kev txwv ntawm B-2:
Lub thermal rhiab heev ntawm B-2 coj mus rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm B-3 (N10675), uas tau zoo heev thermal stability. Rau cov ntawv thov uas xav tau:
Larger section sizes (>4" diam).
Kev ntxhov siab tom qab machining.
Ntau lub voj voog thermal.
Welded fabrications.
B-3 feem ntau yog qhov kev xaiv zoo dua. B-2 tseem tsim nyog rau cov khoom me me uas qhov kev sib tw ceev ceev tuaj yeem paub tseeb thiab thermal raug tsawg.
Cov lus qhia rau kev kho cua sov B-2 Bars:
Tiv thaiv nto thaum kho cua sov (nqus, inert cua, los yog tiv thaiv txheej).
Tsis txhob kis kab mob los ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob los yog cua (sulfur, halogens).
Txhawb tuav kom tiv thaiv sagging ntawm qhov kub thiab txias.
Xyuas kom sai li sai tau hloov mus rau quench nruab nrab nrog tsawg tsawg.
Siv agitated dej quench kom txias siab tshaj plaws.
Tshawb xyuas cov khoom nrog kev kuaj corrosion tom qab kev kho cua sov.
