1. Hastelloy G-30 yog dab tsi (UNS N06030), thiab nws muaj pes tsawg leeg ua rau nws qhov kev xaiv zoo tshaj plaws rau phosphoric acid hnyav thiab cov kua qaub sib xyaw?
Teb:
Hastelloy G-30 (UNS N06030) yog npib tsib xee-chromium- hlau-molybdenum alloy nrog ntxiv ntawm tooj liab, tungsten, thiab niobium, tshwj xeeb tsim los tiv thaiv cov kev lag luam hnyav tshaj plaws, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov txheej txheem ntub dej phosphoric acid thiab sib xyaw ua ke (WPA). Nws cov chemistry sib npaug muab qhov tshwj xeeb versatility hla oxidizing thiab txo cov mob.
Chemical Composition (Tswj rau ASTM B622):
| Element | Qhov hnyav% |
|---|---|
| Nickel (Ni) | Sib npaug (43-46%) |
| Chromium (Cr) | 28.0-31.5% |
| Hlau (Fe) | 13-17% |
| Molybdenum (hli) | 4.0-6.0% |
| Tungsten (W) | 1.5-4.0% |
| Copper (Cu) | 1.0-2.4% |
| Cobalt (zeeg) | Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 5.0% |
| Niobium (Nb) | 0.3-1.5% |
| Cov pa roj carbon (C) | Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 0.03% |
| Manganese (Mn) | Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 1.5% |
| Silicon (Si) | Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 1.0% |
Cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb ntawm kev sib xyaw thiab lawv lub luag haujlwm:
High Chromium (28-31.5%):
Muab kev tiv thaiv tshwj xeeb rau oxidizing acids (nitric, nitric / hydrofluoric sib tov).
Cov ntaub ntawv ruaj khov, tiv thaiv Cr₂O₃ oxide zaj duab xis.
Qhov tseem ceeb rau kev ua haujlwm hauv cov txheej txheem ntub dej phosphoric acid uas muaj oxidizing impurities.
Molybdenum (4-6%):
Txhim khu kev tiv thaiv kom tsis txhob muaj cov kua qaub (sulfuric, phosphoric).
Txhim khu kev tiv thaiv rau hauv zos corrosion (pitting, crevice corrosion).
Ntsuas cov ntsiab lus siab chromium rau cov kua qaub sib xyaw.
Copper Ntxiv (1-2.4%):
Qhov tseem ceeb txhim khu kev tiv thaiv rau sulfuric acid nyob rau hauv nruab nrab concentrations (40-60%).
Txhim khu kev ua tau zoo hauv kev txo qis hauv kev pabcuam phosphoric acid.
Tungsten (1.5-4%):
Muab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kom muaj zog.
Txhim khu kev tiv thaiv rau localized corrosion.
Txhim kho siab -kub muaj zog.
Niobium (0.3-1.5%):
Stabilizes cov alloy tiv thaiv rhiab heev thaum vuam.
Tsim niobium carbide, tiv thaiv chromium carbide nag lossis daus.
Qhov tseem ceeb rau kev tswj xyuas corrosion kuj nyob rau hauv welded tej yam kev mob.
Cov pa roj carbon tsawg (tsawg dua lossis sib npaug rau 0.03%):
Minimizes carbide nag lossis daus thaum vuam.
Ua kom muaj kev cuam tshuam ntawm intergranular corrosion nyob rau hauv raws li -welded mob.
Vim li cas G-30 Excels hauv Phosphoric Acid:
Cov txheej txheem ntub dej phosphoric acid muaj cov impurities -fluorides, chlorides, sulfuric acid, thiab silica- uas tsim ib puag ncig corrosive heev. G-30's siab chromium cov ntsiab lus tiv thaiv oxidizing xwm ntawm fluorides, thaum molybdenum thiab tooj liab tswj qhov txo cov teebmeem ntawm sulfuric acid. Qhov nyiaj tshuav no ua rau G-30 tus qauv kev lag luam rau phosphoric acid evaporators, digesters, thiab hloov kav dej.
Sib piv rau lwm yam alloys:
| Alloy | Cr% | Mo% | Cu% | W % | Phosphoric Acid Performance |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| G-30 (N06030) | 28-31.5 | 4-6 | 1-2.4 | 1.5-4 | Zoo tshaj hauv chav kawm |
| G-3 (N06985) | 21-23.5 | 6-8 | 1.5-2.5 | Tsawg dua los yog sib npaug li 1.5 | Zoo, tab sis qis chromium txwv oxidizing kuj |
| 625 (N06625) | 20-23 | 8-10 | - | - | Zoo, tab sis tsis muaj tooj liab rau sulfuric acid |
| C-276 (N10276) | 14.5-16.5 | 15-17 | - | 3-4.5 | Tsis zoo rau phosphoric acid |
| 316L (S31603) | 16-18 | 2-3 | - | - | pluag; tsis ua hauj lwm sai hauv WPA |
2. Yuav ua li cas seamless Hastelloy G-30 yeeb nkab tsim, thiab dab tsi zoo seamless tsim muaj tshaj welded yeeb nkab nyob rau hauv cov kev pab cuam tseem ceeb tshuaj?
Teb:
Seamless Hastelloy G-30 yeeb nkab yog tsim los ntawm cov txheej txheem kub thiab txias ua haujlwm uas tsim cov khoom sib xws, tsis muaj vuam nrog kev ncaj ncees zoo tshaj rau cov ntawv thov tseem ceeb. Kev nkag siab txog cov txheej txheem tsim khoom piav qhia tias vim li cas cov yeeb nkab seamless feem ntau tau teev tseg rau cov kev pabcuam hnyav tshaj plaws.
Cov txheej txheem tsim khoom (Per ASTM B622):
Melting thiab Refining:
Hluav taws xob arc rauv melting ntawm nkauj xwb raw khoom.
Argon Oxygen Decarburization (AOD) refining rau kev tswj cov tshuaj lom neeg.
Optional Electro-Slag Remelting (ESR) lossis Vacuum Arc Remelting (VAR) rau kev txhim kho kev huv thiab kev sib haum xeeb hauv cov ntawv thov tseem ceeb.
Ingot Casting:
Molten alloy cam khwb cia rau hauv ingots hnyav ntau tons.
Tswj solidification kom txo qis kev sib cais.
Hloov ua lwm yam rau Billet:
Ingot kub forged los yog dov rau hauv round billet.
Qhov chaw txias (sib tsoo) kom tshem tawm qhov tsis xws luag.
Extrusion (Cov Txheej Txheem Piercing):
Billet rhaub rau 2150℃F-2250℃F (1175℃-1230 degree).
Pierced los ntawm mandrel nyob rau hauv extrusion xovxwm los tsim hollow plhaub.
Qhov ntsuas kub tseem ceeb; txias dhau tiv thaiv kev tho, kub dhau ua rau cov qoob loo loj hlob lossis incipient melting.
Txias ua hauj lwm (Pilgering los yog kos duab):
Hollow plhaub txo txoj kab uas hla thiab phab ntsa thickness los ntawm kev ua haujlwm txias.
Pilgering (txias dov) muab kev txo qis nrog kev tswj kom zoo.
Ntau qhov kev hla nrog nruab nrab annealing yuav xav tau.
Kev daws Annealing:
Kub rau 2150℃F (1175 degree) yam tsawg kawg nkaus.
Ceev ceev quench (dej los yog ceev roj txias).
Dissolves precipitates, restores corrosion kuj, ua tiav homogeneous microstructure.
Straightening thiab Finishing:
Rotary straightening rau straightness.
Xaus beveling rau kev npaj vuam.
Kev tshuaj xyuas qhov chaw thiab tu.
Qhov zoo ntawm Seamless vs. Welded Yeeb Nkab:
| Yam | Seamless Yeeb Nkab | Welded yeeb nkab |
|---|---|---|
| Kev tsim kho | Homogeneous, weld -dawb | Longitudinal weld seam tam sim no |
| Corrosion Resistance | Uniform thoob plaws; tsis muaj vuam HAZ | Weld thiab HAZ tej zaum cov ntsiab lus tsis muaj zog |
| Siab ncaj ncees | Tsis muaj seam yuav ua tsis tau nyob rau hauv siab | Weld zoo tseem ceeb |
| Kev tshuaj xyuas | Ultrasonic soj ntsuam ncaj nraim | Weld xav tau NDE ntxiv |
| Muaj | Txwv los ntawm extrusion xovxwm muaj peev xwm | Hloov tau yooj yim rau cov kab loj loj |
| Nqi | Higher (khoom kim heev) | Lower (kev lag luam) |
| Daim ntawv thov | Tseem ceeb, siab -siab, kev pabcuam hnyav | Kev pabcuam dav dav, qis qis |
Thaum Seamless yog qhov tseem ceeb:
Siab -Kev Pabcuam Siab: Tsis muaj vuam seam kom ua tsis tau raws li lub zog cyclic.
Ib puag ncig Corrosive hnyav: Tshem tawm kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev nyiam vuam lossis HAZ corrosion.
Cyclic Thermal Service: Tsis muaj metallurgical discontinuity los pib qaug zog tawg.
Critical Safety Systems: Yuav tsum muaj kev ncaj ncees siab tshaj plaws.
Phosphoric Acid Evaporators: Kev xyaum ua kom paub meej seamless.
ASTM Cov Qauv rau Seamless G-30 Yeeb Nkab:
| Txuj | Title | Daim ntawv thov |
|---|---|---|
| ASTM B 622 2 | Seamless Nickel Alloy Tube thiab Tube | Thawj specification |
| ASTM B829 Cov khoom lag luam | General Requirements rau Nickel Alloy Seamless Yeeb Nkab | Cov kev xav tau ntxiv |
Size Range (Tswj):
NPS 1/8 "txog NPS 12" (qhov loj dua tuaj yeem ua tau tab sis txwv).
Teem sijhawm: 5S txog XXS (cov phab ntsa muaj kev cai).
Lengths: Random zeb ntev (20-40 ft) los yog txiav kom ntev.
3. Dab tsi yog cov ntawv thov tseem ceeb rau Hastelloy G-30 seamless yeeb nkab hauv cov chiv, tshuaj ua haujlwm, thiab kev lag luam nuclear?
Teb:
Hastelloy G-30 seamless yeeb nkab ua haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev lag luam uas yuav tsum muaj kev tiv thaiv corrosion, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv ib puag ncig uas muaj phosphoric acid, sib xyaw acids, thiab oxidizing / txo cov kev mob hnyav.
Fertilizer Industry (Phosphoric Acid Production):
Phosphoric Acid Evaporator Tubes:
Kev Ua Haujlwm: Ua kom cov txheej txheem ntub dej phosphoric acid (WPA) los ntawm 30% mus rau 50-54% P₂O₅.
Ib puag ncig: Kub (180-220℃F) phosphoric acid nrog fluorides, chlorides, sulfuric acid, silica.
Vim li cas Seamless G-30: Tsis muaj vuam seam los pib corrosion; siab chromium resists fluorides; tooj liab tuav sulfuric acid.
Hom Kev Pabcuam Lub Neej: 5-10+ xyoo (vs. 6-12 hli rau stainless hlau).
Digester thiab Reactor Piping:
Muaj nuj nqi: Hloov phosphoric acid slurry los ntawm digestion reactors.
Ib puag ncig: hnyav: phosphoric / sulfuric acid sib tov nrog cov khoom tawg.
Vim li cas G-30: Ua ke corrosion kuj nrog kev yaig tsis kam; seamless kev tsim kho tshem tawm weld qhov tsis zoo.
Acid Concentration Plants:
Muaj nuj nqi: Tsim cov superphosphoric acid (68-72% P₂O₅).
Vim li cas G-30: Ua kom muaj kev ncaj ncees ntawm qhov kub siab hauv cov kua qaub.
Phosphoric Acid Cia thiab Hloov Kab:
Ntev -kab xaim xaim ntawm cov nroj tsuag.
Seamless kev tsim kho kom muaj kev ntseeg siab hauv kev ua haujlwm tas mus li.
Kev Siv Tshuaj Siv Tshuaj:
Nitric / Hydrofluoric Acid Pickling Systems:
Muaj nuj nqi: Stainless hlau pickling kab siv HNO₃ / HF sib tov.
Yog vim li cas G-30: Ib qho ntawm ob peb alloys resistant rau no aggressive mix acid.
Sulfuric Acid Plants:
Muaj nuj nqi: Piping hauv cov kua qaub txias, cov yees kom qhuav, nqus tshuab.
Vim li cas G-30: Kev tiv thaiv zoo heev rau sulfuric acid thoob plaws ntau qhov concentration.
Mixed Acid Nitration Txheej txheem:
Muaj nuj nqi: Kev tsim cov tshuaj nitro, tawg, tshuaj.
Vim li cas G-30: Ua haujlwm zoo stainless hlau hauv cov oxidizing HNO₃ / H₂SO₄.
Hydrofluoric Acid Alkylation:
Muaj nuj nqi: HF acid tuav hauv roj av refining (siv txwv).
Nco tseg: Tshwj xeeb alloys yuav nyiam rau cov ntshiab HF.
Daim Ntawv Thov Kev Lag Luam Nuclear:
Nuclear Roj Reprocessing:
Muaj nuj nqi: Piping rau dissolver tov uas muaj HNO₃/HF sib tov.
Yog vim li cas G-30: Exceptional tsis kam mus rau huab corrosivity ntawm siv roj dissolution.
Qhov yuav tsum tau muaj: Seamless kev tsim kho kom tsis txhob muaj qhov tsis zoo ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob hauv xov tooj cua.
Khib thiab Vitrification:
Muaj nuj nqi: Hloov cov corrosive radioactive khib nyiab heev.
Vim li cas G-30: Txhim khu kev ua haujlwm ntev ntev hauv qhov chaw huab cua.
Lwm yam kev siv:
| Kev lag luam | Daim ntawv thov | Kev sib tw tseem ceeb |
|---|---|---|
| Pharmaceutical Intermediates | Nitration reactors | Mixed acids, khoom purity |
| Hlau Refining | Acid leaching ntawm ore | Ib puag ncig sulfuric / chloride |
| Kev kho khib nyiab | Acid neutralization systems | Kev sib txawv ntawm chemistry, chlorides |
| Flue Gas Desulfurization | Scrubber Cheebtsam | Chlorides, fluorides, sulfuric acid |
| Tshuaj Tankers | Cargo piping rau acids | Corrosive cargoes, marine ib puag ncig |
Case Study: Phosphoric Acid Evaporator
Tus tsim cov chiv tseem ceeb tau ntsib kev ua tsis tiav ntawm 317L stainless hlau evaporator raj hauv 54% P₂O₅ phosphoric acid ntawm 220℃F uas muaj 2.5% fluorides thiab 1% chlorides. Tube lub neej nruab nrab yog 8 lub hlis. Hloov nrog Hastelloy G-30 seamless yeeb nkab txuas ntxiv kev pab cuam lub neej mus rau ntau tshaj 8 xyoo, nrog rau cov ntaub ntawv soj ntsuam txhua xyoo qhia qhov tsawg kawg nkaus phab ntsa. Tus nqi peev nyiaj tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo dua li ntawm 2 xyoos los ntawm kev txo qis qis thiab txij nkawm.
4. Dab tsi vuam thiab fabrication txiav txim siab siv rau Hastelloy G-30 seamless yeeb nkab thaum muab tso rau hauv cov txheej txheem txheej txheem?
Teb:
Thaum lub seamless yeeb nkab nws tus kheej tsis muaj longitudinal weld, teb fabrication feem ntau yuav tsum tau circumferential pob tw welds mus cuag cov yeeb nkab ntev thiab txuas flanges, fittings, thiab nozzles. Cov txheej txheem vuam kom raug yog qhov tseem ceeb los tswj cov alloy qhov corrosion kuj.
Vuam txheej txheem rau Field Joints:
Gas Tungsten Arc Vuam (GTAW/TIG):
Nyiam rau hauv paus hla thiab nyias phab ntsa yeeb nkab.
Kev tswj zoo heev, me me spatter, siab -welds zoo.
Siv rau tag nrho cov yeeb nkab teem caij nyob rau hauv teb fabrication.
Gas Metal Arc Vuam (GMAW/MIG):
Haum rau sau thiab hau hla ntawm phab ntsa hnyav dua.
Pulsed txau hloov tau pom zoo kom tswj tau zoo dua.
Shielded Hlau Arc Vuam (SMAW):
Kev siv tsawg; tuaj yeem siv rau hauv paus hauv qee cov txheej txheem.
Yuav tsum tau qis -hydrogen, corrosion- tiv taus coated electrodes.
Filler Hlau Xaiv:
| Txheej txheem | Filler Hlau | AWS Specification |
|---|---|---|
| GMAW/GTAW | ERNiCrMo-11 | AWS A5.14 |
| SMAW | ENiCrMo-11 | AWS A5.11 |
Critical Welding Parameters (GTAW):
| Parameter | Root Pass | Sau / Cap Passes |
|---|---|---|
| Tam sim no | DCEN (DC-) | DCEN (DC-) |
| Amperage | 70-120 A | 100-160 A |
| Qhov hluav taws xob | 10-14 V | 12-16 V |
| Kev Ceev Ceev | 3-5 pwm | 4-8 pwm |
| Kub Input | 15-25 kJ/in | 20-35 kJ/in |
| Tiv thaiv Gas | Argon (100%) | Argon (100%) |
| Gas Flow | 15-25 dr hab | 20-35 hli |
| Rov qab Purge | Argon xav tau | Yuav tsum tau rau hauv paus oxidation tiv thaiv |
Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm Fabrication Precautions:
Kev huv huv (tseem ceeb):
Ua tib zoo ntxuav cov yeeb nkab kawg thiab muab tub lim.
Tshem cov roj, roj, cim tus cwj mem, txiav cov kua.
Siv cov hlau tsis muaj hlau txhuam hniav tshwj xeeb rau G-30.
Sib tsoo log yuav tsum huv si (tsis txhob siv cov pa roj carbon steel).
Thaum tshav kub kub input Control:
Tswj cov cua kub nruab nrab (15-35 kJ / hauv).
Tsis txhob kub dhau heev uas yuav txhawb kom kub tawg.
Siv stringer hlaws dai; txwv weaving kom tsawg dua los yog sib npaug rau 3 × hlau txoj kab uas hla.
Interpass Kub:
Khaws hauv qab 300℃F (150 degree).
Cia txias ntawm kev hla dhau.
Siv qhov kub thiab txias- qhia cov ntawv nplaum los saib xyuas.
Kev tiv thaiv thiab rov qab Purging (Qhov tseem ceeb):
Kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv kom txaus yog qhov tseem ceeb.
Rov qab ntxuav nrog argon los tiv thaiv cov hauv paus oxidation ("qab zib").
Oxidized keeb kwm tau txo qis corrosion kuj.
Ntxuav kom txog thaum weld txias hauv qab 500℃F.
Kub Cracking Tiv Thaiv:
G-30 muaj kev tiv thaiv zoo tab sis tseem raug.
Tsis txhob crater cracking: sau craters los yog siv tam sim no lwj.
Xyuas kom raug muab tub lim xaiv hlau.
Txo qhov kev txwv tsawg kawg yog qhov ua tau.
Ncej -Wel Cleaning:
Tshem tawm cov cua sov tint thiab oxide txheej mechanically lossis chemically.
Hlau txhuam (stainless hlau) thaum tseem sov.
Pickle yog tias xav tau rau kev pabcuam tseem ceeb (HNO₃/HF sib tov feem ntau).
Yaug kom huv si nrog dej demineralized.
Tshaj tawm -Weld Heat Treatment (PWHT):
Feem ntau tsis xav tau rau G-30.
Cov pa roj carbon tsawg (tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 0.03%) thiab niobium stabilization txo qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev puas tsuaj.
Yog tias PWHT tau teev tseg (tsis tshua muaj), feem ntau: 1800-2000℃F ua raws li qhov txias txias.
Tag nrho cov tshuaj annealing tsis siv tau rau daim teb -fabricated yeeb nkab spools.
Weld Procedure Qualification (Rau ASME Section IX):
| Kuaj | Kev xav tau |
|---|---|
| Tensile Test | Pass (lub zog Ntau dua los yog sib npaug rau lub hauv paus hlau yam tsawg kawg nkaus) |
| Coj Kev Ntsuas Khoov | Tsis muaj qhov qhib tsis sib xws |
| Kev kuaj Corrosion (ASTM G28) | Feem ntau teev (tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 0.5 hli / xyoo raug) |
| Kev xeem Macroetch | Suab weld, tiav fusion |
| Kev Tshawb Fawb Hardness | Tsis pub dhau qhov txwv |
Kev soj ntsuam ntawm Field Welds:
| Txoj kev | Daim ntawv thov | Kev lees txais |
|---|---|---|
| Visual (VT) | 100% ntawm welds | Tsis muaj kab nrib pleb, tsim nyog profile, ua tiav fusion |
| Cov kua dej Penetrant (PT) | Hauv paus, cap, xav tias thaj chaw | Tsis muaj qhov taw qhia saum npoo |
| Kev ntsuas hluav taws xob (RT) | Kev pabcuam tseem ceeb welds | Raws li ASME B31.3 lossis cov neeg siv khoom spec |
| Ultrasonic (UT) | Phab ntsa tuab, tseem ceeb | Raws li kev cai code |
Common Fabrication yuam kev thiab tiv thaiv:
| yuam kev | Qhov tshwm sim | Kev tiv thaiv |
|---|---|---|
| Hlau paug | Localized corrosion | Dedicated stainless cov cuab yeej |
| Kev tshem tawm tsis txaus rov qab | Hauv paus oxidation, corrosion | Ntxuav kom txias |
| Tshaj tawm cua sov | Kub tawg, carbide nag lossis daus | Tswj tsis tau |
| Tsis zoo -up | Tsis muaj fusion, kev nyuaj siab concentration | Kev npaj ua ke kom raug |
| Contaminated filler | Porosity, suav nrog | Khaws cov muab tub lim kom zoo, ntxuav ua ntej siv |
5. Cov kev tswj xyuas zoo thiab kev soj ntsuam zoo li cas rau Hastelloy G-30 seamless yeeb nkab rau kev siv tseem ceeb?
Teb:
Hastelloy G-30 seamless yeeb nkab rau kev pabcuam tshuaj lom neeg tseem ceeb yuav tsum muaj kev tswj xyuas zoo thiab kuaj xyuas kom ntseeg tau tias cov khoom siv ruaj khov, tiv thaiv corrosion, thiab kev ntseeg tau ntev. Cov kev cai no feem ntau tshaj cov qauv ASTM specifications.
Tswj Specifications:
| Txuj | Title | Daim ntawv thov |
|---|---|---|
| ASTM B 622 2 | Seamless Nickel Alloy Tube thiab Tube | Cov khoom tseem ceeb specification |
| ASTM B829 Cov khoom lag luam | General Requirements rau Nickel Alloy Seamless Yeeb Nkab | Cov kev xav tau ntxiv |
| ASME B31.3 | Txheej Txheem Piping Code | Tsim thiab fabrication |
| NWS M-630 | Cov ntaub ntawv cov ntaub ntawv | Offshore (yog tias tsim nyog) |
| Cov neeg siv khoom -Tshwj xeeb | Ntau yam | Feem ntau nruj dua |
Cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj yuav tsum muaj:
Mill Test Report (MTR):
Certified tshuaj ntsuam xyuas ib lub tshav kub.
Kev txheeb xyuas cov cuab yeej cuab tam (tensile, yield, elongation).
Cov ntawv pov thawj kev kho cua sov (kub, sijhawm, quench method).
Traceability los ntawm yaj mus rau cov yeeb nkab tiav.
Thaum tshav kub kub Traceability:
Txhua lub yeeb nkab cim nrog tus lej xov tooj cua sov.
Daim ntawv qhia cov kav dej rau cov cua sov tshwj xeeb khaws cia.
Positive Material Identification (PMI):
Feem ntau xav tau rau cov ntawv thov tseem ceeb.
Txheeb xyuas qib ntawm txhua lub yeeb nkab ua ntej tso tawm.
Feem ntau 100% ntawm cov kav dej rau kev pabcuam hnyav.
X-ray fluorescence (XRF) lossis optical emission spectroscopy (OES).
Chemical Composition Verification (ASTM B622):
| Element | Kev xav tau (%) |
|---|---|
| Nickel | Tshuav |
| Chromium | 28.0-31.5 |
| Molybdenum | 4.0-6.0 |
| Hlau | 13-17 |
| Tooj | 1.0-2.4 |
| Tungsten | 1.5-4.0 |
| Cobalt | Tsawg dua los yog sib npaug rau 5.0 |
| Cov pa roj carbon | Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 0.03 |
| Niobium | 0.3-1.5 |
| Silicon | Tsawg dua los yog sib npaug rau 1.0 |
| Manganese | Tsawg dua los yog sib npaug li 1.5 |
Mechanical Property Verification (ASTM B622):
| Khoom | Chav ntsuas kub xav tau |
|---|---|
| Tensile zog | 80 ksi (550 MPa) yam tsawg kawg nkaus |
| Yield zog (0.2% offset) | 35 ksi (240 MPa) yam tsawg kawg nkaus |
| Elongation | 30% yam tsawg kawg nkaus |
Tsis yog -Kev Tshawb Fawb Kev Ua Phem (NDE):
Kev Ntsuas Ultrasonic (UT) rau ASTM E213:
Daim ntawv thov: Tag nrho ntev, puv periphery.
Lub hom phiaj: Internal laminations, inclusions, voids, tawg.
Calibration: Notches (longitudinal thiab transverse) hauv cov qauv siv.
Txais: Raws li ASTM B622 lossis cov neeg siv khoom tshwj xeeb (feem ntau nruj dua).
Eddy Current Testing (ET) rau ASTM E309 / E571:
Daim ntawv thov: me me diameters, soj ntsuam saum npoo.
Lub Hom Phiaj Tsis Zoo: Nto thiab nyob ze -Ntoo defects (seams, laps, cracks).
Liquid Penetrant Testing (PT) rau ASTM E165:
Daim ntawv thov: yeeb nkab kawg, xav tias thaj chaw.
Lub hom phiaj ntawm qhov tsis xws luag: nto tawg, laps, seams.
Visual Examination (VT):
Daim ntawv thov: 100% ntawm cov yeeb nkab nto.
Lub hom phiaj: Deg imperfections, tuav kev puas tsuaj.
Hydrostatic Testing (Yuav tsum tau rau ASTM B622):
Siab: xam ib tus qauv hauv specification.
Lub Sijhawm Tuav: Yam tsawg kawg 5 vib nas this (ntev rau kev pabcuam tseem ceeb).
Kev lees txais: Tsis muaj dej xau, tsis muaj deformation mus tas li.
Lwm txoj kev: Pneumatic test nrog NDE tuaj yeem hloov tau los ntawm kev pom zoo.
Dimensional soj ntsuam:
| Dimension | Kev kam rau siab (rau ASTM B622) | Kev ntsuas ntsuas |
|---|---|---|
| OD | ± 0.5% txog ± 1% (vim qhov loj me) | Daim kab xev, calipers, micrometer |
| Phab ntsa Thickness | +20%, -12.5% (zoo) | Ultrasonic thickness ntsuas |
| Ntev | ± 1/8 "rau ± 1/4" | Daim kab xev ntsuas |
| Kev ncaj | 1/8 "hauv 3 ko taw (tseem) | Straightedge, feeler gauge |
| Ovality | Nyob rau hauv OD kam rau ua | Calipers, txoj kab uas hla |
Corrosion Testing (rau Kev Pabcuam Tseem Ceeb):
ASTM G28 Txoj Kev A:
Lub hom phiaj: Tshawb xyuas qhov cuam tshuam rau intergranular corrosion.
Ib puag ncig: Boiling ferric sulfate-sulfuric acid (50% H₂SO₄ + ferric sulfate).
Duration: 24 teev (tseem ceeb).
Txais: Corrosion rate Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 0.5 mm / xyoo (xws li; tus neeg siv khoom- tshwj xeeb).
ASTM G28 Txoj Kev B:
Lub Hom Phiaj: Ntsuas kev tiv thaiv corrosion dav dav hauv oxidizing acids.
Ib puag ncig: Boiling sulfuric acid nrog ferric sulfate (qhov sib txawv).
Kev Cai Corrosion Test:
Simulated txheej txheem ib puag ncig (xws li, phosphoric acid nrog fluorides / chlorides).
Kev kuaj daim coupon hauv qhov tseeb lossis simulated txheej txheem.
Duration: Hnub rau hli nyob ntawm daim ntawv thov.
Kev kuaj tshwj xeeb rau cov ntawv thov tseem ceeb:
| Kuaj | Lub hom phiaj | Yam yuav tsum tau muaj |
|---|---|---|
| Loj Loj | Txheeb xyuas cov txheej txheem microstructure | ASTM 4-7 rau ASTM E112 |
| Inclusion Rating | Kev ntsuas kev huv | Raws li ASTM E45 (thin / hnyav series) |
| Kev Tshawb Fawb Hardness | Txheeb xyuas qhov sib xws | Raws li ASTM B622 txwv |
| Flattening Test | Txheeb xyuas qhov ductility | Raws li ASTM B622 |
| Flare Test | Txheeb xyuas qhov formability | Raws li ASTM B622 |
| Microstructural Examination | Txheeb xyuas cov theem kom raug | Tsis muaj kev puas tsuaj los nag |
Cov ntaub ntawv pob (Tswj rau Kev Pabcuam Tseem Ceeb):
| Cov ntaub ntawv | Cov ntsiab lus |
|---|---|
| Certified Mill Test Report | Chemistry, mechanicals, kho cua sov |
| NDE Reports | UT, ET, PT ceeb toom nrog cov txiaj ntsig |
| Hydrostatic Test Report | Siab, tuav lub sij hawm, txais |
| Dimensional Inspection Report | Ntsuas qhov ntev |
| PMI Report | Kev txheeb xyuas qib rau txhua lub yeeb nkab |
| Corrosion Test Reports | ASTM G28 cov txiaj ntsig (yog tias xav tau) |
| Kev kho cua sov kab kos | Rauv lub sij hawm-cov ntaub ntawv kub |
| Daim Ntawv Pov Thawj Ua Raws Cai | Nqe lus piav qhia txog kev ua raws cai |
| Cov ntaub ntawv Traceability | Thaum tshav kub kub rau cov yeeb nkab |
Cov Lus Cog Tseg rau ASTM B622:
ASTM B 622 2
Qib (UNS N06030)
Loj (NPS × lub sijhawm lossis OD × phab ntsa)
Kub naj npawb
Tus neeg tsim khoom lub npe lossis lub cim lag luam
Lub teb chaws ntawm keeb kwm
Ntim thiab Kev Tiv Thaiv:
End caps ntawm tag nrho cov kav dej.
Kev qhwv tus kheej los yog bundling nrog cov khoom tiv thaiv.
xeb- txheej tiv thaiv yog tias xav tau (tsis tshua muaj rau G-30).
Kev sib cais los ntawm carbon steel thaum khaws cia thiab xa khoom.
Desiccant rau ya raws -sensitive applications.
Kev lees paub rau Kev Pabcuam Tseem Ceeb:
Tsis muaj kab nrib pleb, laps, seams nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus hlau.
Kev lees txais UT: Tsis muaj qhov qhia tau tshaj li qib siv.
Dimensional ua raws li ASTM B622.
Hydrostatic xeem dhau lawm.
PMI txheeb xyuas (100%).
Corrosion xeem dhau (yog tias xav tau).
Cov ntaub ntawv tag nrho muab.
