Dab tsi yog suav tias yog superalloy

1. Dab tsi yog suav tias yog superalloy?

Superalloy (tseem hu ua lub siab-ua haujlwm alloy) yog chav kawm ntawm cov ntaub ntawv metallic txhais los ntawm lawv lub peev xwm tshwj xeeb kom txuag tau cov neeg kho tshuab, thiab kev ruaj ntseg nyob rau hauvKev ua haujlwm heev-Particularly high kub, kev xeb ib puag ncig, thiab muaj kev ntxhov siab rau txhua yam kev ntxhov siab. Tsis zoo li cov alloys, uas yog qhov zoo rau kev tsim dav dav, oxidys yog engals mus ua kom zoo tshaj plaws hauv kev muag khoom, oxidize, nkag qeeb hauv kev thauj khoom), lossis swb.

Cov txheej txheem tseem ceeb uas cais cov khoom uas yog superalloy suav nrog:

Kev Kub Siab Kub Kub: Lawv saib xyuas lub zog tensile, thiab qaug zog durabilance nyob rau qhov kub tshaj 650℃(1,200℃(200℃(2,200℃f). Qhov no yog qhov tseem ceeb rau cov ntawv thov nyiam dav hlau tshuab lossis roj av tshuab, uas cov khoom siv ua haujlwm hauv kev ua haujlwm kub.

Oxidation thiab corrosion tsis kam: Lawv tiv thaiv kev tawm tsam los ntawm cov roj av kub, kua qaub, thiab dej hiav txwv, thiab vim, chromium) uas daim ntawv tiv thaiv oxide txheej.

Microstration kev ruaj khov: Lawv sab hauv cov qauv (xws li cov ciaj ciam av, muaj zog zuj zus los ntawm kev siv cua sov thiab kev ntxhov siab, tiv thaiv kom sawv los yog tsis muaj zog.

Complex anoyoying: Lawv feem ntau muaj cov hlau hluav taws xob (npib tsib xee, lossis hlau) sib xyaw nrog cov chromium, molybdenum, Txhuas, lossis Titanium los txhim kho cov khoom tshwj xeeb.

Superalloys yog qhov tsis tseem ceeb hauv kev lag luam xws li aerospace (lim dej tawg), thiab siv roj (roj siv tsis muaj tshuaj, uas cov khoom siv tsis ua haujlwm yuav muaj kev puas tsuaj loj.

2. Dab tsi yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws superalloy?

Qhov "zoo tshaj" superalloy nyob ntawm covDaim Ntawv Thov Tshwj Xeeb-Tsis ib leeg xwb alloy txawj nyob rau hauv txhua qhov xwm txheej. Kev ua tau zoo yog kev txiav txim siab zoo li lub zog siab, corrosion tsis kam, raws sij hawm, uas sib txawv ntawm siv cov ntaub ntawv. Txawm li cas los xij, qee cov supalloys sawv tawm hauv lawv cov npe:

Rau cov ntawv thov siab kub Aerospace (piv txwv li, JET ENTERN TURNINLINE TUAJ): Ib leeg-sivchstal npib tsib xee-based supalloys zoo liCMSX-4lossisPWA 1484feem ntau nyiam. Lawv tshem tawm cov qoob loo cov nplej (lub hom xaib uas tsis ua tiav) thiab khaws lub zog ntawm 1,000-1,100 degree, ua rau lawv zoo tshaj plaws rau cov kab kub siab ntawm cov cav.

Rau corrosion tsis kam nyob hauv kev ua tshuaj lom: Hastelloy C276(ib npib tsibolel-molybdenum-chromium alloy) yog qhov dav uas yog tus qauv kub. Nws tiv taus cov tshuaj hnyav zoo li sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, thiab chlorine, txawm tias nyob ntawm qhov kub siab.

Rau lub zog ntawm kev kub siab nrog Weldability Zoo: Inconel 718(Nickel-chromium-hlau nrog niobium / titanium) yog heev ntau yam. Nws muaj lub zog zoo tshaj plaws txog 650℃thiab yooj yim rau kev siv lub tshuab thiab weld, ua rau nws tus txheej txheem roj / roj roj.

Rau cov creep tsis kam rau hauv cov roj turbines: HAYES 282(Nickel-cobalt-chromium) sib npaug siab lub zog muaj zog nrog lub sij hawm ntev creep kuj, ua rau nws tsim nyog rau cov kab hlau disks thiab commustors.

Hauv cov ntsiab lus, qhov "zoo tshaj plaws" alloy yog ib qho uas ua tau zoo raws li qhov xav tau ntawm nws cov kev xav tau.

3. Dab tsi yog cov muaj zog superalloy?

"Lub zog" nyob rau hauv superalloys yog cov ntsiab lus-nyob, raws li nws tuaj yeem xa mus rau lub zog tensile, lossis qaug zog rau lub zog-txhua qhov tseem ceeb hauv cov xwm txheej sib txawv. Txawm li cas los xij, thaum ntsuasQhov kawg tensile lub zog (UTS)thiabcreep resistance ntawm high kub(Cov kev xav tau tshaj plaws rau Superalloys), qee cov alloys Sawv Tawm:

Ib Leeg-Crystal Nickel-Raws Li Superalloys: Alloys nyiamCMSX-10thiabRr3010(Rolls-Royce) nthuav qhia tshwj xeeb lub siab-kub lub zog. CMSX-10, piv txwv li, muaj uts ntawm ~ 1,400 mpa (203,000 psi) ntawm chav tsev kub thiab khaws psi (116,000 psi) ntawm 1,000 degree. Nws cov creep tsis kam (muaj peev xwm tawm tsam deformation nyob rau hauv tas mus li load) yog unmatched, cia nws ua haujlwm hauv cov kab kub npau taws.

Osmium-raws li alloys: Osmium, cov ntaub ntawv tsawg nrog iRidium (piv txwv li, Osidium-kub siab (UTS ~ 1,800 mpa) thiab cov ntsiab lus melting (~ 3,000 degree). Txawm li cas los xij, lawv tus brittleness thiab tus nqi siab txwv kev siv rau cov ntawv thov tam sim no xws li tus cwj mem tus cwj mem nibs lossis cov kabmob siab.

Nickel-cobalt Superalloys: MP35N(Nickel-cobalt-chromium-molybdenum) ua tiav UTS ntawm ~ 2,000 MPa (290,000 lub zog, txawm tias nws cov dej khov kho ntawm qhov kub tshaj 400 degree. Nws yog siv rau kev muaj zog, corrosion-resistant Cheebtsam zoo li Aerospace Fasteners.

Rau cov laj thawj muaj feem ntau - cov kev siv hluav taws xob siab-Ib Leeg-Crystal Nickel-Raws Li SuperalloysTau suav hais tias "muaj zog tshaj plaws" vim lawv cov kev tsis sib haum ntawm lub zog tensile muaj zog thiab cov plhuav tawm ntawm huab cua sov heev.

4. Dab tsi yog qhov sib txawv superalloys?

Superalloys yog categorized los ntawm lawv cov hlau hauv paus, nrog subcategories raws li kev sib xyaw thiab cov khoom. Cov chav kawm tseem ceeb yog:

1. Hmab-based superalloys

Qhov loj tshaj plaws thiab feem ntau ntawm chav kawm muaj ntau yam, nrog npib tsib xee ua thawj lub caij (50-70%). Lawv tau zoo nyob rau hauv high-kub lub zog thiab corrosion tsis kam.

Qhov tseem ceeb piv txwv:

Inconel Series: Inconel 718 (Niobium-muaj zog, weldable, siv hauv aerospace qauv); Inconel 625 (chromium / molybdenum rau corrosion tsis kam rau kev ua tshuaj).

Hastelloy Series: Hastelloy C276 (Molybdenum / chromium rau cov kua qaub actures); Hastelloy X (Kev kub-kub oxidation tsis kam rau cov cub tawg).

Ib Leeg-Crystal alloys: CMSX-4, PWA 1484 (grain-ciam-dawb, rau turbine tuaj).

Marages Nickel alloys: Xws li, Pyromet 31v (siab lub zog nrog kev ua kom zoo, siv hauv cov foob pob zeb lub teeb lub teeb lub cev muaj zog).

2. Cobalt-based Superalloys

Cobalt yog lub hauv paus ntsiab (30-60%), feem ntau ua ke nrog chromium, Tungsten, thiab Nickel. Lawv muab cov kev coj zoo tshaj plaws thiab oxidation tsis kam ntawm qhov kub txog li 1,100 degree, txawm hais tias lawv lub zog kub feem ntau yog qis dua li npib tsib xee-alloys alloys.

Qhov tseem ceeb piv txwv:

Haynes 188: Chromium / tungsten ntxiv rau oxidation tsis kam; siv rau hauv dav hlau cav tom qab.

Sib tseem yog series: Stellite 6 (cobalt-Chromium-Tungsten, tsis tshua muaj hnav-resistant, siv nyob rau hauv li qub thiab tej cov cuab yeej thiab tej cuab yeej siv).

MP35N: Cobalt-Nickel Alloy (nrog chromium / molybdenum) muaj nuj nqis rau lub zog tensile lub zog thiab corrosion tsis kam.

3. Cov hlau-based supalloys

Hlau yog thawj lub caij (30-60%), muaj cov npib tsib xee (txhawm rau txhim kho cov kev kub kub siab) thiab chromium (rau corrosion tsis kam). Lawv feem ntau tsawg dua li npib tsib xee-lossis cobalt-based alloys tab sis ua tau zoo ntawm kev kub siab (~ 650-800-800 DEGREE).

Qhov tseem ceeb piv txwv:

Alloy 800H: Hlau-npib tsib xee-chromium nrog zoo creep resistance; siv rau hauv kev hloov pauv cua sov thiab cov tshuaj kub nuclear.

Incoloy 825: Resistant rau sulfuric acid thiab dej hiav txwv; siv rau hauv kev ua tshuaj thiab cov ntawv thov marine.

A-286: Hlau-npib-chromium nrog titanium / txhuas kom muaj zog; Siv Hauv Dav Hlau Cav Fasteners thiab Gas Turbine Cheebtsam.

4. Lwm tus tshwj xeeb superalloys

Platinum-pawg hlau (PGM) alloys: Xws li, platinum-rhodium, siv nyob rau hauv high-kub thermoumles thiab iav-ua vim lawv tsis kam rau molten iav thiab oxidation.

Titanium-Aluminium Intermetallics: Hnav cov nyom alloys (piv txwv li, tial) nrog siab zog-rau-hnyav piv txwv, siv nyob rau hauv qis ncu turbine hniav los txo qhov hnyav.

Txhua chav kawm hais txog cov kev xav tau, nrog cov Nickel-raws li cov kev siv kub ua haujlwm, thiab cov khoom siv hlau ua tau zoo tshaj plaws ntawm kev ntsuas kub.