1. ASTM B574 N06455 yog dab tsi, thiab nws muaj pes tsawg leeg ua kom muaj kev ua tau zoo tshwj xeeb hauv kev txo qis thiab oxidizing acid ib puag ncig?
ASTM B574 N06455 yog hais txog cov lus qhia rau nickel-chromium- molybdenum alloy pas nrig, bar, thiab hlau, tshwj xeeb rau UNS N06455, feem ntau hu ua Hastelloy C-4. Cov hlau no yog ib qho qis -carbon, qis- hlau version ntawm C-tsev neeg alloys, tsim rau tshwj xeeb stability thiab corrosion kuj nyob rau hauv ob qho tib si txo thiab oxidizing ib puag ncig.
Tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg (A ASTM B574):
| Element | Qhov hnyav% |
|---|---|
| Nickel (Ni) | Tshuav |
| Chromium (Cr) | 14.0 - 18.0 |
| Molybdenum (hli) | 14.0 - 17.0 |
| Hlau (Fe) | Tsawg dua los yog sib npaug rau 3.0 |
| Titanium (Ti) | Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 0.70 |
| Cobalt (zeeg) | Tsawg dua los yog sib npaug rau 2.0 |
| Cov pa roj carbon (C) | Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 0.015 |
| Silicon (Si) | Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 0.08 |
| Manganese (Mn) | Tsawg dua los yog sib npaug rau 1.0 |
| Phosphorus (P) | Tsawg dua los yog sib npaug li 0.04 |
| Sulfur (S) | Tsawg dua los yog sib npaug li 0.03 |
Cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb ntawm Compositional:
Balanced Chromium (14-18%) thiab Molybdenum (14-17%):
Chromium muab kev tiv thaiv rau oxidizing acids (nitric, ferric ions).
Molybdenum muab kev tiv thaiv los txo cov kua qaub (hydrochloric, sulfuric).
Qhov ze ntawm - sib npaug sib npaug ua rau C-4 muaj ntau yam tshwj xeeb thoob plaws ntau qhov chaw.
Ultra-Cov pa roj carbon tsawg (tsawg dua lossis sib npaug rau 0.015%):
Minimizes carbide nag lossis daus thaum vuam.
Qhov tseem ceeb rau kev tswj xyuas qhov sib txawv corrosion kuj nyob rau hauv raws li -welded mob.
Qhov tseem ceeb qis dua ntau lwm cov nickel alloys.
Tsawg Hlau (tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 3.0%):
Txo kev tsim cov theem ntawm intermetallic.
Txhim kho thermal stability thaum vuam thiab kho cua sov.
Titanium Ntxiv (tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 0.70%):
Ua raws li cov khoom stabilizing.
Preferentially tsim titanium carbides, tiv thaiv chromium carbide nag lossis daus.
Txhim khu kev tiv thaiv rau intergranular corrosion tom qab vuam.
Tsawg Silicon (tsawg dua lossis sib npaug rau 0.08%):
Txhim kho thermal stability.
Txo qhov tsim ntawm kev puas tsuaj intermetallic theem.
Vim li cas C-4 Excels hauv Mixed Acid Ib puag ncig:
Qhov sib npaug ntawm chromium thiab molybdenum cov ntsiab lus tso cai rau C-4 tiv thaiv ob qho tib si oxidizing thiab txo cov xwm txheej. Nyob rau hauv ib puag ncig uas hloov pauv ntawm oxidizing thiab txo qis (xws li ntau cov txheej txheem tshuaj), C-4 tuav cov yeeb yaj kiab ruaj khov thiab tiv thaiv kev xeb hauv zos. Cov pa roj carbon tsawg thiab titanium stabilization kom ntseeg tau tias cov khoom siv welded tswj qhov kev tiv thaiv no yam tsis muaj kev kho cua sov tom qab.
Sib piv rau Lwm C-Tsev Neeg Alloys:
| Alloy | UNS | Cr% | Mo% | Fe% | C % | Cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| C-4 | N06455 | 14-18 | 14-17 | Tsawg dua los yog sib npaug rau 3.0 | Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 0.015 | Siab tshaj thermal stability, tsawg hlau |
| C-276 | N10276 | 14.5-16.5 | 15-17 | 4-7 | Tsawg dua los yog sib npaug li 0.01 | Universal, siab dua hlau |
| C-22 | N06022 | 20-22.5 | 12.5-14.5 | 2-6 | Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 0.015 | Siab chromium rau oxidizing |
| 625 | N06625 | 20-23 | 8-10 | Tsawg dua los yog sib npaug li 5 | Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 0.10 | Siab zog, tsis tshua muaj ntau yam corrosion |
Dab tsi "Bright Round Rod" txhais tau tias:
"Zoo" yog hais txog qhov ua tiav tiav los ntawm kev kos duab txias lossis tsis muaj kev sib tsoo, ua rau:
Smooth, reflective nto (feem ntau 8-16 Ra micro-inch).
Tight dimensional kam rau ua (± 0.001 "rau ± 0.005").
Kev ywj pheej los ntawm qhov tsis xws luag.
Txhim kho qhov tsos thiab kev huv.
2. Dab tsi yog cov ntawv thov tseem ceeb rau ASTM B574 N06455 ci ntsa iab rods hauv kev lag luam tshuaj, tshuaj, thiab kev lag luam aerospace?
ASTM B574 N06455 qaim puag ncig rods tau teev tseg rau daim ntawv thov uas yuav tsum tau tshwj xeeb corrosion kuj nyob rau hauv ob qho tib si oxidizing thiab txo ib puag ncig, ua ke nrog cov precision qhov ntev thiab nto tiav uas ci pas nrig muab.
Kev Siv Tshuaj Siv Tshuaj:
Valve Cheebtsam:
Muaj nuj nqi: Stems, pob, rooj zaum, thiab lub cev rau li qub tuav cov kua qaub sib xyaw lossis tshuaj lom neeg.
Vim li cas C-4 Bright Qws: Tiv thaiv ob qho tib si oxidizing thiab txo cov mob; du nto kom ntseeg tau tias sealing; nruj tolerances cia precision haum.
Pump Shafts:
Muaj nuj nqi: Ncej rau centrifugal thiab cov twj tso zis zoo hauv kev pabcuam corrosive.
Vim li cas C-4 Bright Qws: Zoo heev rau pitting thiab crevice corrosion; siab zog tswj kev ncaj ncees nyob rau hauv torque.
Fasteners (bolts, studs, ceev):
Muaj nuj nqi: Ruaj ntseg flanges, npog, thiab cov khoom siv sab hauv.
Vim li cas C-4 Bright Qws: Threaded Cheebtsam tswj lub zog thiab sealing quab yuam; tiv thaiv galling thiab kev nyuaj siab corrosion cracking.
Thaum tshav kub kub Exchanger Cheebtsam:
Muaj nuj nqi: Tie rods, spacers, thiab txhawb cov qauv.
Vim li cas C-4 Bright Qws: Tiv thaiv corrosion los ntawm ob qho tib si txheej txheem thiab cov xov xwm txias.
Pharmaceutical Industry Applications:
API Synthesis Reactor Cheebtsam:
Muaj nuj nqi: Agitator shafts, baffle kev txhawb nqa, thiab ntsuas ntsuas.
Vim li cas C-4 Bright Qws: Tiv thaiv cov hlau tsis huv; du nto yooj yim los ntxuav thiab sterilize; tiv taus cov tshuaj ntxuav.
High -Purity Water Systems:
Muaj nuj nqi: Cheebtsam hauv WFI (Dej rau Txhaj) tshuab.
Vim li cas C-4 Bright Qws: Ua haujlwm zoo rau cov dej ntshiab huv; du nto tiv thaiv kab mob adhesion.
Cov khoom siv chromatography:
Muaj nuj nqi: Precision Cheebtsam hauv kev npaj chromatography.
Vim li cas C-4 Bright Qws: Inert rau mobile theem; precision machined rau sealing.
Aerospace Applications:
Fasteners:
Muaj nuj nqi: Cov txheej txheem tseem ceeb hauv cov dav hlau thiab cav.
Vim li cas C-4 Bright Qws: Siab zog- rau qhov hnyav piv; corrosion kuj; thermal stability.
Cov khoom siv Actuator:
Muaj nuj nqi: Ncej thiab pistons hauv hydraulic actuators.
Vim li cas C-4 Bright Qws: Smooth nto rau seal compatibility; corrosion kuj; seem stability.
Instrumentation Components:
Muaj nuj nqi: Sensor vaj tse, thermowells.
Vim li cas C-4 Bright Qws: Txhim khu kev ua tau zoo hauv qhov xav tau ib puag ncig.
Lwm yam kev siv:
| Kev lag luam | Daim ntawv thov | Cheebtsam Machined los ntawm Qws |
|---|---|---|
| Pollution Control | Flue gas desulfurization | Spray nozzles, agitator ncej |
| Marine Engineering | Seawater systems | Ncej, fasteners |
| Nuclear Processing | Roj rov ua dua | Cheebtsam hauv kev tawm tsam hnyav |
| Roj thiab Roj | Cov khoom siv qaub qaub | Valve stems, ntsuas fittings |
Yam Cheebtsam Machined los ntawm C-4 Bright Qws:
| Cheebtsam | Bar Size Range | Machining kev ua haujlwm |
|---|---|---|
| Pump Shafts | 0.5" - 6" diam | Tig, sib tsoo, keyway txiav |
| Valve Stems | 0.25" - 4" diam | Tig, threading, sib tsoo |
| Fasteners | 0.125" - 3" diam | Xov dov / txiav, taub hau |
| Thermowells | 0.5" - 2" diam | Qhov tob qhov drilling, tig |
| Ntaus Fittings | 0.125" - 1" diam | Precision tig, threading |
| Agitator Ncej | 1" - 6" diam | Tig, keyway txiav |
Case Study: Tshuaj Txheej Txheem Valve Stems
Cov nroj tsuag tshuaj uas tsim cov kua qaub sib xyaw ua rau muaj kev kub nyhiab thiab xeb ntawm 316L stainless hlau valve stems hauv cov txheej txheem hloov pauv ntawm oxidizing thiab txo cov xwm txheej. Stems yuav tsum tau hloov txhua txhua 6-8 lub hlis. Hloov stems machined los ntawm ASTM B574 N06455 ci ntsa iab pas nrig txuas ntxiv kev pab cuam lub neej dhau 5 xyoos, nrog kev ua haujlwm du thiab tsis muaj qhov ntsuas tau. Lub precision ci tiav kom ntseeg tau tias kev ua haujlwm ruaj khov thiab tshem tawm galling.
3. Dab tsi machining yam ntxwv yog tshwj xeeb rau ASTM B574 N06455 qaim puag ncig rods, thiab cov khw yuav ua li cas txhim kho qhov tsis zoo rau kev tsim khoom zoo?
Machining ASTM B574 N06455 qaim puag ncig rods nthuav tawm cov kev cov nyom zoo ib yam li lwm cov npib tsib xee -chromium- molybdenum alloys, tab sis nws muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab microstructure ruaj khov ua rau nws me ntsis machinable dua li qee qhov kev xaiv. Kev nkag siab txog cov yam ntxwv no yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev tsim khoom zoo.
Kev txiav txim siab txog kev coj tus cwj pwm:
Lub zog nruab nrab:
Annealed tensile zog: 100 ksi (690 MPa) raug.
Tsawg dua qee cov nickel alloys, ua rau nws yooj yim me ntsis rau tshuab.
Yield zog: 40-50 ksi raug.
Ua Haujlwm Hardening:
Ua hauj lwm hardens thaum lub sij hawm machining, tab sis tsawg aggressively dua ib co siab -molybdenum alloys.
Kev cuam tshuam: Tseem yuav tsum tau txiav hauv qab ua haujlwm- txheej tawv tawv; zam kev txiav lub teeb.
Tsawg Thermal conductivity:
Thaum tshav kub kub generated ntawm tej cheeb tsam nyob twj ywm concentrated.
Ua rau cov cuab yeej ntsuas kub, ua kom cov cuab yeej siv nrawm nrawm.
Qhov cuam tshuam: Yuav tsum tau ua kom txias thiab cua sov- cov ntaub ntawv tiv taus.
Chip Tsim:
Ua kom tawv tawv dua li cov hlau tsis muaj steel, tab sis tswj tau ntau dua li qee cov nickel alloys.
Qhov cuam tshuam: Yuav tsum tau chip breakers thiab nti tswj cov tswv yim.
Ua -Up Edge (BUE):
Nruab nrab nyiam rau cov khoom siv vuam mus rau txiav ntug.
Qhov cuam tshuam: Cov cuab yeej ntse, nrawm nrawm / pub, thiab cov khoom ua kom txias yog qhov tseem ceeb.
Qhov zoo ntawm Bright Qws rau Machining:
| Feature | Cov txiaj ntsig |
|---|---|
| Tight dimensional kam rau ua | Txo cov khoom tshem tawm; kev teeb tsa zoo ib yam |
| Smooth nto tiav | Kev sib koom tes zoo dua; txhim kho nti tswj |
| Kev ywj pheej los ntawm qhov tsis xws luag | Tsis muaj qhov nyuaj los yog suav nrog rau kev puas tsuaj rau cov cuab yeej |
| Ncaj ncaj ncaj | Kev ua haujlwm yooj yim dua; txo kev vibration |
Optimization Strategies:
Kev xaiv cuab yeej:
| Kev ua haujlwm | Pom zoo cov cuab yeej siv | Geometry |
|---|---|---|
| Tig (rough) | Carbide (C-2 qib), coated (TiAlN) | Zoo rake, ntse ntug, chip breaker |
| Tig (tiav) | Carbide, cermet rau kev ua tiav zoo | Wiper inserts, ntse ntug |
| Milling | Carbide, siab - feed cutters | Zoo geometry |
| Drilling | Carbide, cobalt HSS rau qhov me me | Split point, coolant los ntawm |
| Tapping | Daim ntawv kais nyiam; txiav kais tau txais | Ntsej muag, zoo -lubricated |
| Xov | Xov milling lossis ib zaug -point | Ntau lub teeb hla |
Txiav Parameters:
| Kev ua haujlwm | Ceev (SFM) | Pub (IPR) | Qhov tob ntawm Txiav |
|---|---|---|---|
| Tig (rough) | 50-90 | 0.008-0.015 | 0.050-0.150" |
| Tig (tiav) | 70-110 | 0.003-0.008 | 0.010-0.030" |
| Milling | 50-90 | 0.002-0.005 PIB | 0.020-0.100" |
| Drilling | 25-45 | 0.002-0.005 PAB | Peck lub voj voog |
| Tapping (form) | 10-20 | Matches xov suab | N/A |
Coolant thiab Lubrication:
Dej nyab qhov tseem ceeb; siab -siab los ntawm- cov cuab yeej muaj txiaj ntsig.
Siv dej- cov kua dej ua kua dej nrog EP additives.
Rau tapping thiab threading, xav txog tshwj xeeb tapping compounds.
Ua kom tiav cov dej txias kom tswj tau cov cua sov thiab dej ntws tawm.
Toolpath Strategies:
Ua kom muaj kev sib koom tes tas li yog tias ua tau.
Tsis txhob nyob hauv tsev lossis rub.
Climb milling nyiam los txo cov haujlwm hardening.
Xav txog kev ua haujlwm siab -milling rau roughing.
Kev ua haujlwm:
Rigid teeb tseem ceeb.
Hydraulic los yog precision mechanical chucks.
Txhawb nqa ntev ntev nrog kev so ruaj khov.
Surface Finish Capabilities:
| Kev ua haujlwm | Hom Achievable tiav |
|---|---|
| Rough tig | 63-125 Ib |
| Ua kom tiav | 16-32 Ib |
| Precision tig | 8-16 Ib |
| Sib tsoo | 4-8 Ib |
| Polishing | 2-4 Ib |
Common Challenges thiab Solutions:
| Kev sib tw | Kev daws |
|---|---|
| Cov cuab yeej hnav | Optimize ceev, txhim kho cua txias, siv coated carbides |
| Nto tiav | Ua kom ceev, txo cov khoom noj, cov cuab yeej ntse |
| Chip tswj | Chip breaker inserts, coolant siab |
| Ua hauj lwm hardening | Khaws cov khoom noj, zam kev txiav lub teeb |
| Kev vibration | Ua kom rigidity, txo overhang |
4. Dab tsi yog kev tswj hwm thiab ntawv pov thawj uas yuav tsum tau siv rau ASTM B574 N06455 ci ntsa iab rods rau kev siv tseem ceeb?
ASTM B574 N06455 qaim puag ncig rods rau cov ntawv thov tseem ceeb yuav tsum muaj kev tswj xyuas zoo thiab ua tiav daim ntawv pov thawj los xyuas kom meej cov khoom zoo, corrosion kuj, thiab qhov ntev precision.
Tswj Specifications:
| Txuj | Title | Daim ntawv thov |
|---|---|---|
| ASTM B574 | Nickel Alloy pas nrig, Bar, thiab Hlau | Cov khoom tseem ceeb specification |
| ASTM B880 Cov Lus Qhia Tshwj Xeeb | General Requirements rau Nickel Alloy Qws, Bar, thiab Hlau | Cov kev xav tau ntxiv |
| ASME Section II, Part B | SIB-574 | ASME Boiler & Pressure Vessel Code |
| TIAB SA 5597 | Nickel Alloy, Corrosion thiab Kub Resistant | Aerospace applications |
Cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj yuav tsum muaj:
Mill Test Report (MTR):
Certified tshuaj ntsuam xyuas ib lub tshav kub.
Kev txheeb xyuas cov cuab yeej cuab tam (tensile, yield, elongation).
Kev kho cua sov daim ntawv pov thawj.
Traceability los ntawm yaj mus rau tiav pas nrig.
Thaum tshav kub kub Traceability:
Txhua tus pas nrig cim nrog tus lej kub.
Daim ntawv qhia cov pas nrig rau cov cua sov tshwj xeeb khaws cia.
Positive Material Identification (PMI):
100% kev tshuaj xyuas rau cov ntawv thov tseem ceeb.
X-ray fluorescence (XRF) pov thawj.
Chemical Composition Verification (ASTM B574):
| Element | Kev xav tau (%) |
|---|---|
| Nickel | Tshuav |
| Chromium | 14.0 - 18.0 |
| Molybdenum | 14.0 - 17.0 |
| Hlau | Tsawg dua los yog sib npaug rau 3.0 |
| Titanium | Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 0.70 |
| Cobalt | Tsawg dua los yog sib npaug rau 2.0 |
| Cov pa roj carbon | Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 0.015 |
| Silicon | Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 0.08 |
| Manganese | Tsawg dua los yog sib npaug rau 1.0 |
Mechanical Property Verification:
| Khoom | Annealed Requirement |
|---|---|
| Tensile zog | 100 ksi (690 MPa) min |
| Lub zog muaj zog (0.2%) | 40 ksi (276 MPa) min |
| Elongation | 40% min |
Tsis yog -Kev Tshawb Fawb Kev Ua Phem (NDE):
| Txoj kev | Daim ntawv thov | Lub Hom Phiaj |
|---|---|---|
| Kev kuaj ultrasonic (UT) | Sab hauv suab | Inclusions, voids, tawg |
| Eddy Tam sim no (ET) | Kev tshuaj xyuas saum npoo | Seams, laps, tawg |
| Cov kua dej Penetrant (PT) | Nto, xaus | Nto tawg |
| Visual (VT) | 100% ntawm rods | Deg defects, tiav |
Dimensional Inspection (Qhib Qws):
| Parameter | Yam Ua Tau Zoo | Kev ntsuas ntsuas |
|---|---|---|
| Txoj kab uas hla | ± 0.0005 "rau ± 0.002" | Micrometer, laser ntsuas |
| Ntev | +0.125", -0" | Daim kab xev ntsuas |
| Kev ncaj | 1/16 "hauv 3 feet | Ncaj nraim |
| Nto tiav | 8-16 Ib | Profilometer |
| Ovality | Nyob rau hauv txoj kab uas hla kam rau ua | Calipers |
Surface Quality Requirements (Bright Qws):
Tsis Muaj Kev Tso Cai: Cracks, laps, seams, pits, scratches, tuag marks.
Finish: du, ci, reflective.
Kev tshuaj xyuas: Pom pom hauv qab teeb pom kev zoo; Kev txheeb xyuas qhov profile.
Kev kuaj Corrosion:
ASTM G28 Txoj Kev A:
Nthuav susceptibility rau intergranular corrosion.
Txais: Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 0.5 hli / xyoo raug.
ASTM G28 Txoj Kev B:
Ntsuas qhov kev tiv thaiv corrosion dav dav.
Cov ntaub ntawv pob:
| Cov ntaub ntawv | Cov ntsiab lus |
|---|---|
| Mill Test Report | Chemistry, mechanicals, kho cua sov |
| NDE Reports | UT, ET, PT cov txiaj ntsig |
| Daim Ntawv Qhia Dimensional | Ntsuas qhov ntev |
| PMI Report | Kev txheeb xyuas qib |
| Corrosion Test Reports | Yog xav tau |
| Daim Ntawv Pov Thawj Ua Raws Cai | Specification ua raws |
Cov Lus Cog Tseg:
ASTM B574
Qib (UNS N06455)
Loj (inch × ntev)
Kub naj npawb
Tus neeg tsim khoom lub npe
Lub teb chaws ntawm keeb kwm
5. Kev kho cua sov thiab kev txiav txim siab dab tsi siv rau ASTM B574 N06455 ci ntsa iab rods?
ASTM B574 N06455 (C-4) tau tsim tshwj xeeb rau kev txhim kho thermal stability piv rau C-tsev neeg alloys ua ntej. Qhov no ua rau nws muaj kev zam txim ntau dua thaum lub sijhawm tsim khoom thaum tswj hwm kev tiv thaiv corrosion zoo heev.
Kev Xaiv Kho Kub Kub:
Solution Annealing (Standard):
Kub: 1950℃F - 2100℃F (1065℃- 1150℃).
Lub sij hawm: 30-60 feeb ib nti ntawm thickness.
Cua txias: ceev ceev quench (dej los yog roj ceev txias).
Lub hom phiaj:
Dissolve carbides thiab intermetallic.
Ua tiav homogeneous microstructure.
Optimize corrosion kuj.
Stress Relieving:
Kub: 1600℃F - 1800℃F (870℃- 980℃).
Sijhawm: 1-4 teev.
Cua txias: Cua txias los yog cub cua txias.
Nco tseg: C-4 qhov kev txhim kho ruaj khov tso cai rau kev ntxhov siab nrog kev pheej hmoo qis dua C-276.
Annealed thiab Cold Drawn:
Kev kos duab txias tom qab annealing nce lub zog.
Muaj nyob rau hauv ntau tempers.
Thermal Stability Advantages:
C-4 tau tsim tshwj xeeb los kov yeej cov kev txwv thermal stability ntawm cov hlau ua ntej:
Cov hlau tsis tshua muaj (tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 3.0%) txo qis kev tsim cov theem intermetallic.
Titanium stabilization tiv thaiv carbide nag lossis daus.
Ultra- carbon qis ( Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 0.015%) ntxiv kom txo tau nag lossis daus.
Qhov no txhais tau tias C-4 tuaj yeem zam tau:
Cov nqi qis qis dua tom qab annealing.
Ntau lub voj voog thermal thaum tsim khoom.
Kev kho kev ntxhov siab.
Vuam yam tsis muaj kev tshaj tawm -welding thaum tshav kub kub kho.
Fabrication Considerations:
Cold forming:
Zoo ductility nyob rau hauv annealed mob.
Ua hauj lwm hardens; intermediate annealing tej zaum yuav xav tau rau kev loj hlob.
Kub txoj kev:
Kub: 1850℃F - 2150℃F.
Tshuaj anneal tom qab kub sib sau.
Vuam:
Weldability zoo heev.
Matching muab tub lim hlau (ERNiCrMo-7).
Tsis muaj kev tshaj tawm -weld kev kho cua sov yuav tsum tau.
Tsawg carbon thiab titanium stabilization tiv thaiv rhiab heev.
Machining Tom qab Kub Kho:
Kev daws annealed mob yooj yim tshaj rau tshuab.
Cov khaub thuas kos tempers yuav tsum tau hloov tsis tau.
Kev Tshawb Fawb Txog Kev Kho Kub Kub:
| Kuaj | Lub hom phiaj |
|---|---|
| Hardness | Txheeb xyuas qhov sib xws |
| Microstructure | Tshawb xyuas cov dej nag |
| Corrosion Test (G28) | Txheeb xyuas qhov kev tiv thaiv corrosion |
Qhov zoo tshaj C-276:
| Yam | C-4 (N06455) | C-276 (N10276) |
|---|---|---|
| Thermal stability | Zoo heev (tsawg hlau) | Zoo |
| Kev ntxhov siab | Ua tau | txwv |
| Weld HAZ Sensitization | Tsawg heev | Tsawg |
| Theem nag xob nag cua | Tsawg kawg | Ua tau nrog qeeb txias |
Cia thiab tuav:
Khaws rau hauv qhov chaw huv, qhuav.
Khaws cov ntaub thaiv npog.
Tiv thaiv los ntawm kev puas tsuaj.
Segregate los ntawm carbon steel los tiv thaiv kev sib kis.
