1. Dab tsi yog thawj me me ntawm cov tshuab sib tw uas pub cua sov {}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}} {, 625, tiv thaiv alloy thiab tiv thaiv kev txwv tsis pub dhau ntawm huab cua sov heev?
Thaum tshav kub kub - Tsis kam lees txais cov tswv yim sib txuas ua ke nrog cov hlau uas feem coob yuav ua tau zoo nkauj, oxidize, lossis nkag. Lub coil daim ntawv factor yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev siv uas yuav tsum tau ntev thiab muaj txiaj ntsig.
Lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb yog:
Cov khoom -} kev daws teeb meem: lub hauv paus Nickel Matrix yog txhawb nqa los ntawm lwm yam li chromium (CR), Molybdenum (mo), thiab tungsten (w). Cov atoms muaj ntau qhov ntau dua li npib tsib xee, tsim cov kev txav ntawm kev txav mus los, yog li muaj zog ntawm chav thiab nce qhov kub.
Theem nrab theem nag los nag: Rau ntau cov alloys, lub zog tseem ceeb yog los ntawm precipitates. Piv txwv li, gamma prime (') [ni₃ (al, ti)] precipitates nyob rau hauv alloy 263 thiab 740h yog lub hauv paus siab ntawm lawv siab {}} lub zog. Cov kev txiav txim no tau cuam tshuam loj thaiv kev txav chaw. Hauv cov thoob plaws xws li Incoloy 800h, tswj carbide nag lossis xws li pilling ciam ciam chaw los ntawm cov ciaj ciam thiab tiv thaiv qoob loo grain.
Kev Tiv Thaiv Oxide txheej txheej: Lub siab chromium cov ntsiab lus (feem ntau 15-25%) ua kom tiav txheej ntawm cov roj chromium (croo₃) ntawm qhov chaw. Cov txheej no ua raws li kev thaiv, muaj kev sib tw qeeb qeeb hauv kev tiv thaiv oxidation thiab kev tawm tsam sab hauv los ntawm kev tiv thaiv oxygen diffusion. Allolots zoo li alloy 601 suav nrog txhuas, uas ua rau ib qho tseem ruaj khov alumina (al₂o₃) nplai, muab cov oxidation zoo dua.
Lub coil ua ntawm cov alloys yuav tsum yog meticulously tswj. Qhov kawg tshuaj anealing kev kho cua sov yog qhov tseem ceeb kom yaj cov khoom siv no kom raug rau tom qab ntawd, yog tias yuav tsum tau) rau lawv cov ntawv thov tshwj xeeb.
2. Nyob rau hauv cov ntsiab lus ntawm coil ua, vim li cas thiaj tswj ntawm kev kho kom sov kawg yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev ua tsis raug cai ntawm kev ua tau zoo?
Kev sib cav kawg nkaus yog cov kauj ruam tseem ceeb tshaj plaws hauv kev tsim hluav taws kub {}}} tiv taus alloy coanoy chev. Nws teeb tsa lub tswv yim kho microstructure uas sau tag nrho cov khoom tseem ceeb: ductility, ductility loj, thiab zoo nkauj.
Qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev ua tsis raug:
Cov nplej tsis muaj tseeb: rau cov ntawv thov feem ntau, cov hmoov zoo thiab hnav zoo rau qhov ua kom zoo rau kev pom zoo thiab nto li tiav thaum lub sijhawm stamping lossis kos duab. Nyob rau hauv {- annealing (tsawg dhau qhov kub lossis luv luv) tuaj yeem tsim, nyuaj rau kev tawg. Tshaj {{4 4}} annealing tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev loj hlob ntau dhau. Thaum lub sij hawm coarse yog qhov tsim nyog rau cov enpre pheej hmoo nyob rau hauv alloys zoo li 800H (txiv kab ntxwv {-
Cov Oxidation thiab Scaling: Annealing yog ua hauv kev tswj hwm huab cua (piv txwv li, hydrogen lossis dissociated ammonia) los tiv thaiv oxidation. Kev siv cua tsis raug cai tswj ua rau nto teev tawm thiab oxidation. Qhov no tsis tsuas yog tsim ib qho tsis zoo saum npoo tab sis kuj depletes chromium los ntawm txheej saum npoo av, rhuav tshem cov khoom siv corrosion thiab kub ua rau thaj chaw ntawd. Cov nplai no feem ntau yog tenacious thiab nyuaj kom tshem tawm tsis muaj kev ploj heev pickling, uas tuaj yeem nws tus kheej ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj.
Cov ntsiab lus: Yog tias ib qho kev ua kom txias txias dhau ntawm qhov kub tseem ceeb (kwv yees li cas}℃f / 427-86-8 Qhov no depletes cov neeg nyob ib puag ncig ntawm chromium, ua cov thaj chaw ntawd cuam tshuam rau kev tawm tsam corrosion tom qab kev pabcuam tom qab, txawm tias ntawm qis dua kub.
Yog li ntawd, cov kauj yuav tsum tau muab rau hauv cov anealed zoo thiab descaled (pickled lossis mechanically ntxuav) mob los lav tau kev ua tau zoo.
3. Rau ib tus kws tsim khoom tshiab tsim kho tshiab lossis cov khoom siv hluav taws xob muaj kev xaiv los ntawm cov cua kub sib txawv thaum xaiv cov coils loj?
Xaiv txoj cai Alloy yog qhov sib npaug ntawm qhov kub thiab txias, cua, thauj khoom, thiab tus nqi.
Cov qauv tseem ceeb muaj:
Qhov siab tshaj plaws kev ua haujlwm kub: Txhua tus alloy muaj qhov ntsuas kub uas siv tau raws li nws qhov taw tes melting thiab ntxiv dag zog rau cov txheej txheem.
Alloy 800H / HT: Zoo heev rau cov ntawv thov txog li ~ 1200℃(2200℃f) hauv lub carburizes (piv txwv li, radiant tub).
Alloy 601: Superiorxidation tsis kam mus txog li ~ 1250℃(2250℃(2280℃f) vim nws cov ntsiab lus; Qhov zoo tshaj plaws rau cov tshuab tshuab muffles thiab lub raj raj.
Alloy 625: Lub zog zoo txog ~ 1000℃(1800℃f) tab sis xaiv rau nws corrosion tsis kam; Zoo dua rau qis - kub tab sis muaj cov chaw daws teeb meem.
Alloy 330: ib npib tsib xee - Iron alloy nrog zoo heev tiv taus rau carburization, feem ntau siv rau kev ua kom sov.
Hom huab cua:
Oxidizing: txhua yam alloys nrog siab siab ua tau zoo.
Carburizing: alloys nrog siab ni (zoo li 800H / HT, 601) Tsis kam ua rau cov roj carbon ntxiv uas ua rau sawv xeeb.
Nitrividing: Cov ntsiab lus NI siab yog dua cov txiaj ntsig tau txais kev tsim cov nitride.
Sulfidizing: kev rhuav tshem tau heev; Yuav tsum tau tshwj xeeb siab -} b aloys.
Neeg kho tshuab Thauj:
Creep thiab tawg lub zog: qhov no yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev thauj khoom zoo li cov khoom siv tawg (piv txwv li, 100,000 teev) yam tsis muaj kev poob.
Thermal Cycling: kev thov nrog cua sov thiab cua txias yuav tsum muaj ib qho kev nkees nrog kev sib tw thermal zoo thiab ductility.
4. Dab tsi yog qhov nyuaj ntawm vuam thiab cov khoom sib xyaw los ntawm tshav kub {1} {Resistant Nickel Chev, thiab lawv ua haujlwm li cas ua haujlwm nrog kev ua haujlwm nrog stainless hlau kauj?
Cov ntaub ntawv siv cov alloys yuav tsum muaj kev paub tshwj xeeb thiab kev coj ua dhau ntawm cov neeg rau cov hlau tsis muaj hlau.
Lub zog siab dua: lawv muaj cov txiaj ntsig ntau dua thiab lub zog tshaj dua li cov qauv siv hluav taws xob stainless (piv txwv li muaj lub zog siv tau ntau dua, stamping, thiab sib sau ua ke.
Kev ua haujlwm sai sai ua haujlwm hnyav: Nickel alloys ua haujlwm -}} tawv ntawm tus nqi nrawm dua li cov hlau tsis tshua muaj ntau dua. Qhov thib ob ntaus ntawm ib qho kev tsim ib feem yuav xav tau ntau zog thiab tuaj yeem pheej hmoo kev tawg. Qhov no yuav tsum zoo - Tsim cov txheej txheem nrog cov kev qhia sib tshooj nruab nrab rau kev tiv thaiv loj heev.
Vuam cov nyom:
Kev ntxim nyiam weld tawg: qhov siab thermal nthuav dav thiab conductivity yuav ua rau muaj kev ntxhov siab ntau. Lawv muaj kev phom sij rau weld kub tawg (solidification tawg) thiab lim}- Cov qhab nia tsis muaj tseeb yog siv.
Xaiv cov khoom siv hlau: Siv cov tub rog sib xyaw ua ke (piv txwv li, ib qho kev muab tub rog stainless hlau) yuav tsim ib qho tsis muaj zog, corrosion {{nws tau sib koom ua ke. Sib txuam lossis overmatching nickel {{4 {}} Cov taub lim yuav tsum siv (piv txwv li, enicRfe-3 rau alloy 800h).
Kev nyiam huv: Txog kev ua kom huv yog yuav tsum tau ua. Cov tsis huv xws li leej faj, ua, phosphorous, thiab txawm tias cov roj tuaj yeem ua rau puag thiab tawg nyob rau hauv tshav kub}}} kev cuam tshuam cheeb tsam (Haz).
5.
Cov khoom tshwj xeeb ntawm cov coils pab tau technologies ua haujlwm ntawm qhov kawg ntawm kev ua tau zoo.
Aerospace thiab turbocharge: Chick coil yog stamped thiab tsim cov nplhaib ntu, thiab cov tshuab hluav taws xob hauv cov dav hlau tshuab thiab muaj roj roj. Cov ntu no yuav tsum tiv taus cov rog loj thiab cov rog sib koom ua ke.
Thaum tshav kub kho chav dej Generator (hrsgs): coil yog tsim rau hauv cov kab ke ntawm cov kab ke hotest
Kev Lag Luam Kev Lag Luam (CPI): Chev yog siv rau hauv gaskets, thiab cov ntaub pua tsev rau cov hlab ntsha thiab cov hlab ntsha uas ua rau muaj kev kub ntxhov thiab cov txheej txheem ntawm qhov kub thiab ntsuas.
Kev siv roj hluav taws xob tswj hwm: alloy ntawv ci yog siv raws li substrate rau catalytic conveytic thiab hauv diesel contrates, qhov twg nws yuav tsum tawm tsam cov pa hluav taws thiab corrosive tawm pa roj.
Power Generation: In advanced ** ultrasupercritical (USC) coal-fired plants**, these alloys are essential for tubing and headers in the boiler section, where steam temperatures exceed 700℃(1292℃F) to achieve higher efficiency.
Hauv cov ntawv thov no, cov nqi siv tau raug tshwj xeeb los ntawm nws txoj haujlwm ua tiav hauv kev ua tiav kev ua haujlwm siab dua, qis emissions, thiab kev ntseeg siab heev.
