1: Dab tsi yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev tsav tsheb rau kev xaiv Nickel 201 txoj kab uas hla loj dua lwm cov corrosion-resistant alloys hauv kev lag luam loj?
Cov kev qhia tshwj xeeb ntawm Nickel 201 rau cov kav dej loj (feem ntau suav tias yog 12 ntiv tes / 300mm NPS thiab saum toj no) yog tsav los ntawm nws cov khoom sib xyaw tshwj xeeb uas yog qhov tseem ceeb rau qhov loj - nplai, siab - kev ncaj ncees. Qhov kev txiav txim siab tsis tshua muaj raws li kev tiv thaiv corrosion ib leeg tab sis ntawm tus nqi tag nrho - ntawm - kev ntsuas kev ua tswv thiab kev ntseeg tau:
Unmatched Caustic Service: Rau thauj cov concentrated sodium hydroxide (NaOH) los yog poov tshuaj hydroxide (KOH) cov kev daws teeb meem ntawm qhov kub thiab txias (ib txwm siab tshaj 315℃/ 600℃F), Nickel 201 yog kev lag luam benchmark. Nws cov ntsiab lus qis -carbon tiv thaiv graphitization thiab embrittlement nyob rau hauv qhov kub thiab txias, qhov tsis zoo rau nws cov nus muag alloy, Nickel 200. Tsis muaj stainless hlau lossis qis dua -nickel alloy tuaj yeem ua tau raws li nws lub sijhawm ntev -kev ua haujlwm ntawm no.
Khoom Purity Assurance: Hauv kev lag luam xws li zaub mov, tshuaj, thiab siab - purity chemical manufacturing, Nickel 201's siab purity (tsis muaj tooj liab, molybdenum, los yog cov ntsiab lus hlau tseem ceeb) kom tsis txhob muaj cov hlau tsis huv ntawm cov txheej txheem ntws. Qhov no yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev tswj xyuas qhov zoo.
Chloride Stress Corrosion Cracking (Cl-SCC) Kev Tiv Thaiv: Cov kav dej loj loj, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov uas muaj cov rwb thaiv tsev sab nraud uas tuaj yeem cuam tshuam cov dej noo, raug rau Cl-SCC nyob rau hauv tensile stress. Nickel 201 yog qhov zoo tiv thaiv rau hom tsis ua haujlwm no, uas yog qhov kev pheej hmoo loj rau cov qauv austenitic stainless hlau zoo li 304/316.
Thermal Performance: Nws cov thermal conductivity ua rau nws muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev siv hluav taws xob hloov pauv loj lossis qhov xav tau qhov ntsuas kub sib txawv hauv cov yeeb nkab.
2: Hauv qhov tshwj xeeb loj - cov ntawv thov kev lag luam loj yog Nickel 201 txoj kab uas hla loj uas suav tias yog cov txheej txheem tseem ceeb?
Nickel 201 loj txoj kab uas hla yog tshwj tseg rau peev- cov haujlwm hnyav uas qhov system tsis ua haujlwm yuav muaj kev puas tsuaj loj. Nws cov ntawv thov yog niche tab sis tseem ceeb:
Caustic Evaporator & Transfer Systems hauv Chlor-Alkali Nroj Tsuag: Qhov no yog daim ntawv thov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws. Cov kav dej loj loj (feem ntau 24 "-48" NPS) yog siv los ua cov hloov pauv headers, concentrator pub / los ntshav kab, thiab molten caustic conduits txav 50-73% NaOH ntawm cov theem evaporation thiab khaws cia ntawm qhov kub siab tshaj 150 degree. Kev ntseeg siab ntawm cov kav dej no ncaj qha txhais cov nroj tsuag muaj peev xwm thiab kev nyab xeeb.
Nuclear Fuel Reprocessing: Cov kav dej loj yog siv rau hauv ntu ntawm cov txheej txheem los tuav cov concentrated nitric acid thiab lwm yam reagents uas siab purity thiab corrosion kuj yog qhov tseem ceeb. Nickel 201 cov ntsiab lus qis cobalt kuj tseem muaj txiaj ntsig hauv kev txo qis hluav taws xob ua kom muaj zog.
Synthetic Fiber (Rayon) Ntau Lawm: Cov txheej txheem yuav thauj cov ntim loj ntawm cov ntsiab lus caustic (steeping lye) thiab acidic spin da dej. Cov kav dej nickel 201 muab qhov tsim nyog tiv thaiv corrosion nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam uas muaj kev kub ntxhov.
Loj -Scale Organic Chemical Synthesis: Rau cov txheej txheem uas muaj siab - qhov kub thiab txias, siab - cov tshuaj tiv thaiv siab nrog fatty acids, los yog lwm cov organic intermediates uas muaj cov tshuaj chloride ua tau, cov kav dej Nickel 201 muaj kev tiv thaiv zoo tiv thaiv ob qho tib si txheej txheem thiab stray corrosion.
3: Dab tsi yog qhov tshwj xeeb fabrication, vuam, thiab cov teeb meem kev teeb tsa cuam tshuam nrog Nickel 201 txoj kab uas hla loj, thiab lawv yuav txo tau li cas?
Fabricating thiab txhim kho txoj kab uas hla loj Nickel 201 yeeb nkab nthuav tawm cov kev cov nyom sib txawv uas yuav tsum tau muaj cov txheej txheem tshwj xeeb:
Kev tuav thiab tsim cov khoom: Nickel 201 ua haujlwm- hardens sai. Txias dabtsi yog khoov ntawm cov kav dej loj yuav tsum muaj cov tshuab muaj zog thiab feem ntau ua raws li kev daws teeb meem tag nrho (cua sov rau 705-925℃/ 1300-1700℃F ua raws li ceev ceev quench) kom rov qab ductility thiab corrosion kuj. Kub dabtsi yog khoov yog lwm txoj hauv kev tab sis yuav tsum tau tswj qhov kub thiab txias hauv qhov cub.
Vuam Criticality: Vuam yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ua haujlwm. Rau cov kav dej loj, cov txheej txheem zoo li Submerged Arc Vuam (SAW) yuav siv tau rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov kav ntev ntev, tab sis Gas Tungsten Arc Vuam (GTAW / TIG) yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua rau cov hauv paus hla thiab cov seams ncig.
Filler Hlau: Matching filler ERNi-1 yog siv.
Kev Npaj Ua Ntej & Haum-Up: Kev npaj sib koom ua ke (machined bevels) thiab haum haum- nce yuav tsum tau them nyiaj rau cov npib tsib xee ntau dua thiab qis weld pas dej fluidity piv rau cov hlau.
Thaum tshav kub kub input & Interpass kub: yuav tsum tau tswj nruj heev. Kev siv hluav taws xob siab tuaj yeem ua rau cov qoob loo loj hlob ntau dhau. Qhov kub ntawm qhov sib cuam tshuam yuav tsum tau khaws cia qis dua 150℃(300℃F) txhawm rau tiv thaiv qhov no thiab tuav lub zog vuam hlau.
Extensive Back Purging: Rau cov kav dej loj loj, ua tiav thiab tswj kom muaj cov pa roj zoo tag nrho (argon) cov ntaub thaiv npog ntawm tag nrho cov hauv paus hauv paus hla yog qhov kev sib tw loj, feem ntau xav tau cov dams lossis cov segmented purge chambers. Kev ua tsis tiav ua rau oxidized, brittle welds (qab zib) ntawm tus ID, qhov chaw pib corrosion hnyav heev.
Kev Txhawb & Kev Tsim Nyog: Thaum Nickel 201 muaj qhov sib npaug qis ntawm thermal expansion dua li austenitic stainless hlau, cov tshuab loj tseem muaj kev txav mus los. Kev tsim nyog zawv zawg lossis lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav hanger txhawb nqa yog qhov tseem ceeb kom tsis txhob muaj kev ntxhov siab ntau dhau ntawm nozzles thiab welds.
4: Yuav ua li cas, qhov tshwj xeeb, thiab cov txheej txheem kev ruaj ntseg zoo li cas rau Nickel 201 txoj kab uas hla loj sib txawv ntawm cov yeeb nkab loj?
Kev yuav cov yeeb nkab loj loj yog ib qhov project- kev ua haujlwm tseem ceeb nrog kev tshuaj xyuas kom siab:
Specifications: Specifications mus dhau tus qauv ASTM / ASME yeeb nkab qauv (xws li ASTM B161 / B162). Lawv dhau los ua cov ncauj lus kom ntxaws kev yuav khoom tshwj xeeb uas suav nrog:
Txhim Kho Kev Xeem: Yuav tsum tau 100% tsis yog-kev kuaj kev puas tsuaj (NDT). Qhov no suav nrog Tag Nrho Lub Cev Ultrasonic Testing (UT) rau seamlessness thiab laminations, Radiographic Test (RT) ntawm tag nrho cov longitudinal thiab circumferential welds, thiab Dye Penetrant Testing (PT) ntawm tag nrho cov weld nto.
Kev kam rau siab tshwj xeeb: Cov kev cai nruj dua rau kev tawm - ntawm - roundness, phab ntsa thickness variation, thiab straightness nyob ntev ntev kom paub tseeb tias haum - nce thiab alignment nyob rau hauv lub teb.
Daim ntawv pov thawj & Traceability: Txhua lub yeeb nkab ntev yuav tsum muaj daim ntawv qhia tag nrho Mill Test Report (MTR) nrog rau cov cua sov chemistry, cov ntaub ntawv ntsuam xyuas txhua yam (feem ntau los ntawm qhov ntev ntawm cov yeeb nkab), thiab cov ntaub ntawv ntawm txhua qhov kev kho cua sov thiab NDT cov txiaj ntsig. Cov khoom yuav tsum tau traceable los ntawm cov yaj mus rau qhov kawg tivthaiv.
Cov Khoom Muag: Cov khoom siv tsuas yog siv rau ntau lub mills thoob ntiaj teb nrog lub peev xwm yaj, forge, tho, thiab kos (los yog yob thiab vuam) loj txoj kab uas hla, hnyav - phab ntsa Nickel 201. Cov sij hawm ua txhuas ntev.
Thib peb-Kev Tshawb Fawb Txog Kev Tshawb Fawb: Nws yog tus qauv kev coj ua rau tus neeg yuav khoom lossis tus neeg tsim khoom lag luam los ntiav tus thib peb- tog neeg soj ntsuam lub chaw haujlwm (xws li Lloyd's, DNV, ABS) los ua pov thawj cov kev ntsuam xyuas tseem ceeb ntawm lub zeb thiab tshuaj xyuas tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv ua ntej tso tawm rau cov khoom xa tuaj.
5: Los ntawm lub neej- voj voog txoj kev xav, yuav ua li cas thawj zaug peev hauv Nickel 201 txoj kab uas hla loj ua kom pom tseeb nws tus kheej piv rau lwm txoj kab los yog clad?
Thaum lub sij hawm pib siv peev nyiaj (CAPEX) rau cov khoom Nickel 201 yeeb nkab yog qhov siab dua li cov pa roj carbon steel lossis txawm tias stainless hlau, nws xaiv yog kev siv nyiaj ua haujlwm (OPEX) thiab kev txiav txim siab txo qis:
Khoom vs. Lined Pipe (piv txwv li, Hlau nrog Roj Hmab / PTFE): Cov kav dej muaj tus nqi qis dua tab sis qhia txog kev pheej hmoo tsis ua haujlwm ntawm flanges, los ntawm cov kua muag hauv ob sab phlu, thiab vim yog permeation. Lawv feem ntau muaj qhov ntsuas kub thiab siab txwv. Rau qhov tseem ceeb, siab -kub caustic kab, qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm cov kab tsis ua haujlwm ua rau cov nroj tsuag - kaw dav dav tshaj qhov pib txuag nyiaj. Khoom Nickel 201 muaj monolithic kev ncaj ncees thiab tsim lub neej ntsuas nyob rau hauv kaum xyoo.
Khoom vs. Yob-Clad lossis tawg-Clad Yeeb Nkab: Clad yeeb nkab (ib txheej tuab Nickel 201 txheej metallurgically bonded rau cov pa roj carbon steel backing) yog ib qho khoom siv thiab tus nqi-tshwj xeeb rau txoj kab uas hla loj heev thiab kev kub siab. Kev xaiv ntawm cov khoom thiab clad nyob ntawm:
Txheej Txheem Kev Nyab Xeeb: Yog tias cov txheej txheem ua kua dej ua rau tuag taus lossis muaj kev phom sij heev, qee cov qauv yuav tswj hwm cov khoom siv los tshem tawm cov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev sib cais ntawm clad.
Fabrication Complexity: Clad yeeb nkab yuav tsum muaj cov txheej txheem vuam nruj dua los koom nrog cov txheej txheem clad kom raug yam tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam cov corrosion-resistant alloy.
Tag Nrho Phab Ntsa Thickness: Rau siab heev, qhov yuav tsum tau phab ntsa thickness yuav ua rau cov khoom Nickel 201 txwv tsis pub kim thiab hnyav, ua clad tsuas yog kev xaiv.
Qhov kev txiav txim siab rau cov khoom Nickel 201 yog qhov muaj zog tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv uas tsis yog - rov qab tsis tau, siab - kev pabcuam hnyav qhov uas qhov tshwm sim ntawm qhov xau lossis tsis ua haujlwm suav nrog kev poob loj heev, muaj kev phom sij rau ib puag ncig / kev nyab xeeb, lossis lub sijhawm ua haujlwm ntev. Qhov kev cia siab zoo tshaj plaws thiab kev ua neej ntev muab qhov tseeb rov qab los ntawm kev nqis peev tshaj lub neej ntawm cov nroj tsuag.
