1. ASTM B730 yog tus qauv rau welded npib tsib xee thiab npib tsib xee alloy yeeb nkab thiab raj. Vim li cas cov ntawv thov tshwj xeeb thiab cov laj thawj kev lag luam yuav tus kws tsim qauv qhia welded Nickel 201 raj hla seamless (ASTM B161/163) raj?
Kev xaiv ntawm welded thiab seamless Nickel 201 raj yog tsav los ntawm txoj kab uas hla, phab ntsa thickness, txhuas lub sij hawm, thiab qhov project economics, tsis tas los ntawm ib tug hierarchy ntawm zoo rau tag nrho cov kev pab cuam.
Daim ntawv thov Favoring Welded Tube (ASTM B730):
Loj Diameter Piping: Rau cov txheej txheem kab, ductwork, thiab tso tsheb hlau luam ntau tshaj 10 "NPS (Nominal Pipe Size), seamless manufacturing ua geometrically tsis yooj yim sua los yog astronomically kim.
Nyias- Phab ntsa, Loj- Txoj kab uas hla: Rau qhov cua hoods, cov khoom tso pa tawm, lossis qis- cov kab hloov pauv hauv cov nroj tsuag tshuaj uas cov phab ntsa tuab tsis yog thawj qhov kev txwv siab.
Kev Cai lossis Tsis yog-Txoj Qhov Loj: Vuam muaj qhov hloov tau yooj yim dua rau kev tsim cov raj hauv qhov tseeb, tsis yog - tus qauv kab thiab qhov ntev uas tej zaum yuav tsis tuaj yeem muaj nyob rau hauv seamless mills.
Loj -Scale Caustic Handling Systems: Hauv alumina refining lossis pulp & paper mills, cov kev sib txuas dav dav ntawm - txoj kab uas hla caustic kav yog tsim los ntawm welded Nickel 201 raj.
Economic & Lead Time Advantages:
Tus nqi: Rau qhov ntau thiab tsawg uas muaj ob qho tib si (piv txwv li, 4 "mus rau 10" NPS), welded raj feem ntau yog 15-30% tsawg dua li seamless. Rau qhov ntau thiab tsawg, qhov sib txawv ntawm tus nqi yog ntau tshaj tawm.
Muaj: Phaj Tshuag (ASTM B162) rau vuam yog feem ntau yooj yim dua muaj ntau dua - txoj kab uas hla seamless hollows, ua rau luv luv sij hawm rau tej yaam num.
Zoo Parity: Thaum ua rau ASTM B730 nrog kev tswj kom zoo (autogenous welding, post-weld annealing, 100% NDE), welded Nickel 201 raj tuaj yeem ua tiav corrosion tsis kam thiab cov khoom siv kho tshuab hauv thaj chaw vuam uas ua haujlwm sib npaug rau cov hlau hauv paus, ua rau nws haum rau txhua yam tab sis cov kev pabcuam siab tshaj {4.}
Kev txiav txim: Qhia ASTM B730 Welded Tube rau qhov loj - txoj kab uas hla, qis- mus rau - nruab nrab siab tshuab qhov twg tus nqi thiab kev thauj mus los ntawm seamless yog txwv tsis pub. Qhia seamless raj rau me me diameters, siab - cov ntawv thov siab, los yog qhov project specification qhia meej meej mandates seamless vim txoj cai legacy los yog cov kev pab cuam heev.
2. Kev ncaj ncees ntawm lub welded Nickel 201 raj hinges ntawm nws longitudinal weld. Cov txheej txheem vuam tshwj xeeb dab tsi, tom qab- vuam kev kho cua sov, thiab tsis yog- kev kuaj xyuas puas ASTM B730 yuav tsum tau ua kom ntseeg tau tias qhov vuam no tsis yog qhov ua tsis tiav?
ASTM B730 tuav tswj kev tsim cov raj xa dej kom ntseeg tau tias cov vuam seam yog cov cuab yeej cuab tam, tsis yog lub luag haujlwm.
Vuam txheej txheem (ASTM B730, Tshooj 7.1):
Tus qauv yuav tsum tau autogenous vuam (tsis muaj cov hlau muab tub lim) lossis vuam nrog cov hlau muab tub lim ntawm tib qhov kev faib tawm.
Hauv kev xyaum, siab -cov raj zoo siv Autogenous Tungsten Inert Gas (TIG) Vuam lossis Laser Vuam. Cov txheej txheem no muaj kev tswj xyuas meej, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tsawg tsawg, thiab rov tsim tau zoo heev. Qhov tsis muaj cov hlau muab tub lim tshem tawm qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev qhia txog qhov tsis sib xws ntawm metallurgical.
Yuav Tsum Tau Tshaj Tawm -Kev kho cua sov (PWHT - ASTM B730, Tshooj 9):
Qhov no tsis yog -negotiable. Tag nrho cov welded raj yuav tsum tau kho cua sov tom qab vuam.
Cov kev kho mob uas yuav tsum tau yog ib qho kev daws teeb meem tag nrho, uas rau Nickel 201 suav nrog cua sov mus rau qhov kub ntawm 1600 ° F - 1750° F (870 ° C - 955 ° C) tom qab txias txias (dej quench lossis cua ceev).
Lub Hom Phiaj: Qhov no anneal ua haujlwm peb lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb:
Dissolves Carbides: Nws dissolves tej chromium carbides uas tej zaum yuav tau precipitated nyob rau hauv lub Thaum tshav kub kub-Txoj kev cuam tshuam cheeb tsam (HAZ), restores corrosion kuj.
Relieves Stress: Nws tshem tawm qhov seem welding stresses.
Homogenizes Microstructure: Nws recrystallizes qhov vuam thiab HAZ, tsim kom muaj cov qauv zoo sib xws uas phim cov hlau hauv paus.
Tsis yog -Kev Tshawb Fawb Kev Ua Phem (NDE - ASTM B730, Tshooj 14):
100% Kev kuaj xyuas ntawm Weld Seam yog xav tau.
Tus qauv tso cai rau Radiographic Testing (RT) lossis Eddy Current Testing (ET).
Radiographic Testing (RT) yog tus qauv kub rau welded raj, muaj peev xwm txheeb xyuas qhov tsis xws luag xws li porosity, tsis muaj fusion, thiab tawg.
Eddy Current Testing (ET) yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws rau kev kuaj xyuas qhov chaw thiab nyob ze - deg defects tab sis tsis tshua muaj kev cuam tshuam rau qee qhov kev tsis zoo sab hauv.
Rau cov kev pabcuam tseem ceeb, qhov kev qhia tshwj xeeb feem ntau hloov kho qhov yuav tsum tau ua rau 100% RT, suav nrog ASTM E94/E1032, nrog rau cov txheej txheem lees paub (xws li ASME BPVC Sec. VIII).
3. Nyob rau hauv siab - qhov kev pab kub (xws li, caustic evaporator tubes ntawm 800 ° F / 425 ° C), vim li cas Nickel 201 welded raj yog ib qho kev xaiv siv tau, thiab cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb ntawm cov vuam yuav tsum tau ntawv pov thawj los xyuas kom muaj kev ua tau zoo ntev -?
Nickel 201 yog tsim tshwj xeeb rau kev ua haujlwm siab - qhov kub thiab txias vim nws cov ntsiab lus carbon tsawg (≤0.02% max), uas tiv thaiv kev nkag siab. Lub welded raj siv tau tsuas yog yog tias thaj tsam weld raug pov thawj kom muaj qhov ruaj khov microstructural tib yam.
Cov cuab yeej tseem ceeb: Kev tiv thaiv rau kev nkag siab hauv Weld & HAZ.
Qhov phom sij hauv vuam yog tias HAZ tuaj yeem raug rau cov nag lossis daus ntawm carbide (~ 800-1400 ° F / 425-760 ° C) thaum lub sijhawm vuam nws tus kheej.
Ib qho kev tshaj tawm zoo -weld solution anneal (ib B730) yog tsim los ua kom yaj cov carbides zoo li no. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov no yuav tsum tau txheeb xyuas.
Certification thiab Testing kom paub tseeb tias kev ua tau zoo:
Daim Ntawv Qhia Txog Mill Test (MTR) rau ASTM B730 raj yuav tsum hais txog kev kho cua sov ua tau. Rau siab -temp kev pabcuam, kev tshuaj xyuas ntxiv yog qhov ua tau zoo:
Hardness Traverse: Daim ntawv ntsuam xyuas hardness hla lub vuam, HAZ, thiab lub hauv paus hlau yuav tsum tsis muaj qhov nce siab hauv HAZ, uas yuav qhia tias tsis muaj kev tswj xyuas nag lossis daus.
Corrosion Test on a Weld Coupon (Rau Kev Pabcuam Tseem Ceeb): Cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj tseeb tshaj plaws yog yuav tsum tau ASTM G28 Txoj Kev A (Streicher Test) lossis zoo sib xws intergranular corrosion test ntawm tus qauv uas suav nrog longitudinal weld transversely. Tus nqi corrosion ntawm qhov vuam- thaj tsam cuam tshuam yuav tsum nyob rau hauv ib qho kev txwv (piv txwv li, ≤ 1.0 mpy ntau dua li lub hauv paus hlau).
Kev Tshawb Fawb Metallographic: Daim duab duab ntawm cov ntoo khaub lig weld -section yuav tsum muaj raws li qhov kev thov, uas qhia lub suab, nkag mus rau hauv vuam nrog lub recrystallized HAZ thiab tsis muaj kev sib txuas ua ke txuas ntxiv.
Cov Lus Qhia Tseem Ceeb: *"Rau qhov kev pabcuam siab- kub, raj yuav tsum tau muab nrog daim ntawv pov thawj tias cov khoom siv vuam coupon tau dhau ASTM G28 Txoj Kev Ib qho kev sim nrog cov txiaj ntsig rau thaj chaw weld qhia."*
4. Thaum tsim cov txheej txheem los ntawm welded Nickel 201 tube, dab tsi yog cov txheej txheem tshwj xeeb rau kev ua teb ncig (girth) welds, thiab lawv txawv li cas ntawm vuam carbon lossis stainless hlau yeeb nkab?
Field welding ntawm Nickel 201 yuav tsum muaj kev qhuab qhia, huv si uas nruj dua li cov hlau.
Filler Hlau: Yuav tsum siv qis-carbon nickel muab tub lim-ERNi-1 (AWS A5.14) yog tus qauv kev xaiv kom haum rau cov hlau hauv qab thiab tiv thaiv kev qhia cov pa roj carbon rau hauv qhov vuam.
Kev huv huv (Qhov txawv tseem ceeb tshaj plaws):
Kev kis kab mob yog qhov # 1 ua rau lub vuam tsis ua haujlwm. Nickel tuaj yeem raug kub hnyiab tau yog tias muaj cov sulfur (S), phosphorus (P), lead (Pb), zinc (Zn), lossis lwm yam qis - melting - ntsiab lus.
Cov txheej txheem: Weld aav yuav tsum tau txhuam nrog cov txhuam hniav stainless hlau thiab wiped nrog acetone tam sim ntawd ua ntej vuam. Tsis muaj kev sib tsoo discs, cov cuab yeej, lossis cov cwj mem siv rau ntawm cov hlau tsis tuaj yeem tiv tauj rau thaj chaw vuam.
Joint Design & Vuam Technique:
Siv cov roj rov qab (100% argon) ntawm lub hauv paus hla los tiv thaiv oxidation ("qab zib") ntawm sab hauv txoj kab uas hla.
Siv stringer hlaws dai (tsis muaj weaving) uas tsis tshua muaj hluav taws xob input thiab tswj qhov kub tsis sib xws (<250°F / 120°C). This minimizes time in the sensitization range and reduces distortion.
Kev sib tsoo: Siv lub siab, huv si alumina lossis zirconia sib tsoo discs -tsis tau siv cov discs yav dhau los ntawm cov hlau.
Tshaj tawm - Weld Heat Treatment (PWHT) ntawm Field Welds:
Rau kev pabcuam saum toj no ~ 600 ° F (315 ° C), ib qho chaw hauv zos -weld tov anneal ntawm lub girth weld yog pom zoo, tab sis feem ntau nyuaj hauv daim teb.
Qhov no feem ntau yog ua los ntawm cov hluav taws xob tiv thaiv cua sov coils tswj los ntawm lub thermocouple, cua sov lub vuam thiab HAZ rau cov tshuaj annealing ntau yam, ua raws li los ntawm cua txias sai (siv cua txias los yog dej- tsuag tsuag).
Yog tias PWHT tsis ua tiav, HAZ ntawm girth weld tseem yog qhov tsis muaj peev xwm txuas rau corrosion hauv siab - kev pabcuam kub.
5. Dab tsi yog cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj tseem ceeb thiab cov kev cai traceability raws li ASTM B730, thiab cov ntaub ntawv ntxiv dab tsi yuav tsum tau thov rau welded raj siv hauv ASME siab nkoj lossis nuclear kev tsim kho?
B730 muab cov hauv paus ntsiab lus; Cov ntawv thov tseem ceeb yuav tsum muaj pov thawj ntxiv.
ASTM B730 Daim ntawv pov thawj yam tsawg kawg nkaus (MTR):
Thaum tshav kub kub ntsuas: Chemistry ntawm cov khoom siv phaj, lees paub UNS N02201 thiab C ≤ 0.02%.
Kev tshuaj xyuas cov khoom: xaiv tau rau B730, tab sis yuav tsum tau thov kom kuaj xyuas chemistry ntawm lub raj tiav.
Mechanical Tests: Tensile and flattening test results.
Kev kho cua sov: Ib nqe lus hais tias lub raj yog annealed tom qab vuam.
NDE Daim Ntawv Qhia: Ib nqe lus hais tias qhov vuam tau tshuaj xyuas 100% los ntawm RT lossis ET thiab pom tias tsim nyog.
Cov Ntaub Ntawv Ntxiv rau Kev Pabcuam Tseem Ceeb (ASME, Nuclear):
ASME "SA" Kev Tsim Nyog: Cov khoom yuav tsum raug txiav txim rau SB-730 kom tau txais kev tsim kho ASME Code. MTR yuav tsum yog Daim Ntawv Pov Thawj Ua Raws Cai hais txog qhov no.
Txhim kho NDE Daim Ntawv Qhia: Rau nuclear (ASME Sec. III), xav tau cov ncauj lus kom ntxaws RT nrog cov yeeb yaj kiab lossis cov duab digital, uas qhia tag nrho qhov ntev ntawm vuam tau raug tshuaj xyuas rau cov txheej txheem tshwj xeeb (xws li SNT-TC-1A) thiab lees txais cov qauv nruj (piv txwv li, tsis muaj kab qhia).
Weld Procedure Specification (WPS) & Kev Tsim Nyog: Thov lub zeb PQR / WPQ rau cov txheej txheem vuam ntev los xyuas kom meej tias nws yog cov txheej txheem tsim nyog.
Traceability: Txhua lub raj ntev yuav tsum tau cim tas mus li nrog Cov Ntawv Kub Kub ntawm lub phaj, Chaw tsim khoom, Qhov Loj, Qib (N02201), thiab tus qauv (SB-730). Qhov no yuav tsum phim MTR.
Thib peb-Kev Tshawb Fawb Txog Kev Tshawb Fawb: Daim ntawv xaj yuav tsum muab txoj cai rau Tus Neeg Saib Xyuas Nuclear (ANI) lossis ASME-tso cai soj ntsuam kuaj ua pov thawj thiab tshuaj xyuas cov ntaub ntawv ntawm lub tshuab.
Yam khoom Specification Piv txwv rau Kev Pabcuam Tseem Ceeb:
*"Welded Tube rau ASTM B730 / SB-730, UNS N02201. Tag nrho cov raj yuav tsum tau 100% Radiographically soj ntsuam ib ASTM E94. Mill yuav tsum muab ntawv pov thawj MTRs, ib daim qauv ntawm cov tsim nyog WPS rau lub longitudinal weld, thiab tag nrho cov traceability welding. Cov ntaub ntawv yog rau cov chav kawm ntawv 2, SMEs yuav tsum muaj ntaub ntawv pov thawj. yuav tsum tau ua raws li Qhov Kev Pabcuam Zoo Zoo tau txais rau tus kws tshuaj xyuas."*
Hauv cov ntsiab lus, ASTM B730 Nickel 201 Welded Tube yog qhov siab -kev ua tau zoo, tus nqi- muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev tsim loj - nplai corrosion- tiv taus cov tshuab. Nws txoj kev ntseeg siab yog ua raws li kev ua raws li kev sib txuas, kev kho cua sov, thiab kev soj ntsuam cov txheej txheem kos rau hauv tus qauv, nrog cov txheej txheem ntxiv ntawm kev txheeb xyuas rau cov kev pabcuam uas xav tau tshaj plaws.
