1. Cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb ntawm Incoloy 801 yog dab tsi, thiab vim li cas lawv thiaj li tseem ceeb rau nws qhov kev ua tau zoo hauv kev siv kub siab -?
Incoloy 801 (UNS N08801, W.Nr. 1.4876) yog npib tsib xee- hlau-chromium alloy tshwj xeeb tsim los rau siab - kev pabcuam kub. Nws cov nominal muaj pes tsawg leeg yog 32% Nickel, 21% Chromium, 0.1% Carbon, sib npaug nrog hlau thiab me me ntxiv ntawm Titanium thiab Aluminium.
Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm qhov sib npaug chemistry no muaj ntau yam -faceted. Cov ntsiab lus siab npib tsib xee muab qhov muaj zog tiv thaiv chloride-ion stress- corrosion cracking thiab ua kom zoo metallurgical stability, uas yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau kev tiv thaiv embrittlement thaum lub sij hawm ntev - raug. Lub 21% chromium imparts zoo heev tiv thaiv oxidation thiab carburization, tsim kev tiv thaiv, adherent chromium oxide (Cr₂O₃) nplai rau ntawm qhov chaw. Cov ntsiab lus carbon yog txhob txwm khaws cia qis, tab sis qhov tseem ceeb, cov hlau yog "stabilized" nrog titanium (ntawm qhov tsawg kawg nkaus ntawm Ti / C ~ 8). Qhov kev ruaj khov no tiv thaiv qhov tsis txaus ntseeg- nag lossis daus ntawm chromium carbides ntawm cov ciam teb nplej thaum lub sij hawm ntev raug nyob rau hauv 425-815℃ntau-uas tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam ntawm intergranular hauv qee qhov chaw. Qhov kev sib xyaw ua ke no pub rau Incoloy 801 lub zog zoo thiab ua haujlwm rau kev ntsuas, oxidation, thiab carburization nyob rau hauv qhov kub thiab txias txog li 925 degree, ua rau nws superior rau ntau tus qauv stainless hlau nyob rau hauv siab kub siab.
2.Hauv cov kev lag luam tshwj xeeb thiab cov ntawv thov twg yog Incoloy 801 feem ntau siv, thiab dab tsi yog cov teeb meem kev ua haujlwm uas nws hais txog?
Incoloy 801 yog cov khoom siv ua haujlwm nyob rau hauv kev lag luam uas cov khoom ntsib huab cua kub thiab corrosive. Nws thawj daim ntawv thov domains yog:
Petrochemical & Chemical Processing: Nws yog siv dav hauv ethylene pyrolysis furnaces rau radiant thiab convection hlab, pigtails, thiab headers. Cov khoom no ua haujlwm tsis tu ncua ntawm qhov kub siab heev (feem ntau 850-1050 degree) hauv cov dej hydrocarbon uas muaj chav. Incoloy 801 tiv thaiv oxidation los ntawm chav thiab carburization los ntawm hydrocarbons, tiv thaiv kev puas tsuaj rau lub raj tsis ua hauj lwm thiab ua kom muaj kev ua haujlwm ntev.
Thermal Processing & Heat Treatment: Cheebtsam zoo li lub cub tawg muffles, retorts, radiant tubes, thiab pob tawb yog niaj hnub fabricated los ntawm Incoloy 801. Nws tiv taus dua thermal cycling thiab resists scaling nyob rau hauv cov huab cua uas muaj combustion khoom.
Kev tsim hluav taws xob: Hauv cov khib nyiab-rau- cov nroj tsuag hluav taws xob, biomass boilers, thiab cov txheej txheem roj fossil siab heev, nws yog siv rau kev txhawb nqa superheater, hangers, thiab lwm yam boiler sab hauv raug rau cov pa roj kub kub, uas tuaj yeem ua rau xeb vim muaj sulfur thiab chlorine compounds.
Cov Cuab Yeej Cuab Yeej: Nws ua haujlwm hauv cov cua kub cua sov rau cov cua sov-kub hluav taws xob.
Cov kev ua haujlwm tseem ceeb uas nws kov yeej suav nrog kev nkag mus deformation (qeeb, tsis tu ncua hauv kev ntxhov siab ntawm qhov kub siab), thermal qaug zog los ntawm kev caij tsheb kauj vab, scaling (poob ntawm cov khoom vim oxide tsim), thiab sab hauv degradation los ntawm carburization (absorption ntawm carbon, uas embrittles hlau) thiab nitriding.
3. Qhov kev ua tau zoo ntawm Incoloy 801 piv rau lwm cov cua sov li cas-cov hlau tsis muaj zog xws li Incoloy 800/H/HT thiab 304H stainless hlau?
Thaum cov alloys sib xws, lawv cov chemistry optimized tsom rau qhov kev pabcuam sib txawv. Piv nrog rau tus qauv Incoloy 800, Incoloy 801 muaj ntau dua titanium- rau -carbon piv rau superior stabilization tiv thaiv rhiab heev, ua kom nws haum rau ntev - lub sij hawm, siab - kub kev pab cuam qhov twg intergranular nres yog ib qho kev txhawj xeeb. Piv rau Incoloy 800H / HT (uas muaj cov pa roj carbon ntau dua rau kev txhim kho kev nkag siab zoo), Incoloy 801 muaj cov pa roj carbon tsawg dua. Yog li ntawd, 800H / HT muaj zog nyob rau qhov kawg ntawm qhov kub thiab txias (siab tshaj ~ 600 degree) nyob rau hauv qhov tseem ceeb load, tab sis Incoloy 801 muaj zoo weldability thiab tsis kam mus rau rhiab heev nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntau yam thiab yog feem ntau nyiam qhov fabrication thiab corrosion kuj yog thawj kev txhawj xeeb.
Tawm tsam 304H stainless hlau, qhov sib txawv yog ntau tshaj tawm. Thaum 304H yog tus nqi- ua tau zoo thiab muaj zog, nws cov ntsiab lus nickel qis (8-10%) ua rau nws muaj kev cuam tshuam rau sigma theem embrittlement thiab muaj kev tiv thaiv tsawg dua rau oxidation, carburization, thiab chloride stress corrosion cracking ntawm qhov kub thiab txias. Incoloy 801 ntseeg tau ua haujlwm nyob rau hauv ib puag ncig uas 304H yuav txo qis sai, muab lub neej ua haujlwm ntev dua txawm tias tus nqi pib dua.
4. Dab tsi yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev txiav txim siab thiab kev pom zoo rau kev siv vuam thiab fabricating Incoloy 801?
Kev ua tau zoo ntawm Incoloy 801 yuav tsum tau saib xyuas nws cov khoom tshwj xeeb metallurgical. Nws yog feem ntau suav hais tias yooj yim weldable siv cov txheej txheem arc vuam xws li Gas Tungsten Arc Vuam (GTAW / TIG) thiab Shielded Hlau Arc Vuam (SMAW / Stick).
Filler Hlau Xaiv: Sib txuam- cov khoom muab tub lim (piv txwv li, ERNiCr-3 / Inconel 82 muab tub lim) yog tus qauv. Rau kev xav tau siab -kev pabcuam kub, npib tsib xee-chromium- molybdenum fillers zoo li ERNiCrMo-3 (Inconel 625) feem ntau yog siv rau lawv qhov zoo tshaj li-welded zog thiab corrosion kuj, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog kom tsis txhob hnov qab nyob rau hauv tshav kub-tshem tawm tsam (HAZ).
Ua ntej- Weld thiab Post- Weld Thaum tshav kub kub kho: Ua ntej- cua sov tsis yog ib txwm xav tau rau cov ntu nyias. Txawm li cas los xij, rau qhov hnyav, ua ntej- cua sov ntawm 150-200℃tuaj yeem pab tiv thaiv kev tawg. Kev kho cua sov tom qab vuam (PWHT) tsis yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua rau feem ntau cov ntawv thov kom ua tiav kev tiv thaiv corrosion, vim tias cov hlau tsis ruaj khov. Txawm li cas los xij, PWHT (piv txwv li, kev daws teeb meem annealing ntawm 980-1010℃tom qab txias txias) yuav raug teev rau cov kev pabcuam hnyav kom ntseeg tau qhov siab tshaj plaws ductility thiab kev ntxhov siab, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tom qab vuam hnyav.
Cov kev coj ua tseem ceeb: Kev tswj xyuas qhov ntsuas kub qis, siv cov hlaws dai kom txo tau cov cua sov, thiab ua kom muaj kev huv huv tsis huv (tsis muaj roj, roj, thiab leej faj- muaj cov cim) yog qhov tseem ceeb los tiv thaiv kub tawg thiab kis kab mob.
5. Dab tsi yog hom kev ua tsis tiav ntawm Incoloy 801 hauv kev pabcuam, thiab lawv tuaj yeem txo tau los ntawm kev tsim thiab kev ua haujlwm zoo li cas?
Txawm tias siab -kev ua tau zoo alloys muaj kev txwv. Cov hom kev ua tsis zoo rau Incoloy 801 suav nrog:
Creep Repture: Qhov no yog qhov tseem ceeb tsis ua haujlwm mechanism nyob rau hauv qhov kub thiab txias. Thaum lub sij hawm, micro-voids daim ntawv thiab coalesce, ua rau puas. Mitigation: Xyuas kom cov kev khiav hauj lwm kub thiab kev ntxhov siab nyob rau hauv lub alloy tsim txwv raws li ib tug creep-rupture ntaub ntawv. Siv cov kev nyab xeeb tsim nyog thiab teem caij tshuaj xyuas rau kev puas tsuaj (ntsuas txoj kab uas hla txoj kev loj hlob, kuaj xyuas qhov bulging).
Carburization & Hlau Plua plav: Hauv cov huab cua hnyav carburizing (tsawg oxygen muaj peev xwm, cov pa roj carbon ntau), cov pa roj carbon tuaj yeem nkag mus rau hauv cov hlau, tsim cov carbides sab hauv uas ua rau cov hlau nkig thiab ua rau "hlau plua plav"- muaj kev puas tsuaj loj rau hauv cov hmoov. Mitigation: Tswj txheej txheem cua chemistry. Hauv qhov xwm txheej hnyav, ntau dua -nickel alloy zoo li Incoloy 803 lossis HP Mod tej zaum yuav xav tau.
Oxidation / Scaling: Thaum muaj kev tiv thaiv zoo heev, qhov kub thiab txias ntau dhau los yog thermal cycling tuaj yeem ua rau cov txheej txheem oxide tiv thaiv kom tawg, ua rau cov hlau tsis tu ncua. Kev txo qis: Tsis txhob muaj qhov kub thiab txias tshaj qhov kev pom zoo siab tshaj qhov kev pabcuam kub kub (~ 925 degree) thiab txo qis kev kub ceev ceev.
Thermal Fatigue: Cracking los ntawm rov ua cua sov thiab cua txias, feem ntau pib ntawm kev ntxhov siab concentrators. Kev txo qis: suav nrog cov qauv tsim kom haum rau kev nthuav dav thermal, zam cov ces kaum ntse, thiab ua kom cov radii du nyob rau hauv siab - qhov kev ntxhov siab.
Kev saib xyuas tsis tu ncua los ntawm kev tsis yog -kev kuaj kev puas tsuaj (kev kuaj ultrasonic rau phab ntsa thinning, kev tshuaj xyuas qhov muag rau scaling thiab cracking) thiab ua raws li cov qauv kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo yog cov tswv yim zoo tshaj plaws rau kev ua kom lub neej ua haujlwm siab tshaj plaws ntawm Incoloy 801 Cheebtsam.
