1. Weldability yam ntxwv ntawm Ntshiab tooj liab
Lub weldability ntawm ntshiab tooj liab yog tsuas yog txwv los ntawm cov nram qab no lub cev thiab tshuaj zog:
High thermal conductivity: Cov tooj liab ntshiab muaj cov cua kub ceev heev, uas ua rau nws yooj yim kom poob ntau ntawm cov cua sov thaum lub sij hawm vuam, ua rau muaj teeb meem hauv kev tsim cov pas dej molten, tsis tiav fusion, tsis tiav kev nkag mus thiab tsis tshua muaj vuam efficiency.
High coefficient ntawm linear expansion: Nws nthuav dav heev thaum rhuab thiab shrinks muaj zog thaum txias, uas yooj yim ua rau vuam loj deformation thiab residual kev nyuaj siab, thiab txawm ua rau vuam tawg.
Kev nyiam tsim porosity: Hydrogen thiab oxygen yaj nyob rau hauv tooj liab yuav precipitate nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm pores thaum lub sij hawm solidification, thiab hydrogen pores yog cov feem ntau tsis xws luag nyob rau hauv tooj liab vuam.
Insoluble oxide zaj duab xis: Copper oxide (Cu₂O) yog tsim rau saum npoo ntawm qhov kub thiab txias, uas muaj qhov kub thiab txias heev thiab tsis yooj yim rau tshem tawm. Nws yuav txo cov plasticity thiab toughness ntawm weld thiab yooj yim ua rau grain ciam embrittlement.
Tsis tshua muaj zog ntawm qhov kub thiab txias: Cov tooj liab ntshiab softens pom tseeb ntawm qhov kub thiab txias, thiab qhov vuam thiab cua sov- thaj tsam cuam tshuam yog qhov ua rau tawg thiab thermal tawg.
Yog li ntawd, cov tooj liab ntshiab tsis tuaj yeem welded los ntawm kev qhib yooj yim - hluav taws ua haujlwm. Nws xav tau preheating, muaj zog tiv thaiv thiab tsim nyog cov cua sov input kom tau txais cov pob qij txha tsim nyog.
2. Txoj kev vuam tsim nyog rau cov tooj liab ntshiab
Raws li lub thickness ntawm ntshiab tooj liab qhov chaw, qauv, ntau lawm efficiency thiab kev pab cuam yuav tsum tau, cov nram qab no vuam txoj kev yog feem ntau siv:
2.1 TIG Vuam (Tungsten Inert Gas Vuam)
TIG welding yog feem ntau siv thiab txhim khu kev qha vuam txoj kev rau cov ntshiab tooj liab, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog haum rau nyias daim hlau, precision qhov chaw thiab cov qauv me me.
Qhov zoo: Lub arc yog ruaj khov, lub tshav kub yog concentrated, lub weld tsim yog zoo nkauj, cov txaws yog me me, thiab cov weld yog ntshiab.
Kev Tiv Thaiv: Feem ntau argon (Ar) yog siv los tiv thaiv cov roj kom zoo cais cov huab cua thiab tiv thaiv oxidation thiab porosity.
Daim ntawv thov: Haum rau cov ntawv ntshiab tooj liab, cov kav dej, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, thiab lwm yam.
Cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb: Preheating kom raug rau nruab nrab - cov phaj tuab; AC lossis DC qhov zoo sib txuas tuaj yeem xaiv raws li thickness.
2.2 MIG/MAG Vuam (Gas Metal Arc Vuam)
MIG vuam yog tsim rau nruab nrab thiab tuab ntshiab tooj liab workpieces nrog siab vuam efficiency.
Qhov zoo: High deposition efficiency, tob tob, haum rau ntev welds thiab loj ntau lawm.
Vuam hlau: Feem ntau siv tooj liab vuam hlau los yog silicon bronze vuam hlau los txhim kho fluidity thiab tawg tsis kam.
Kev tiv thaiv: 100% argon lossis argon-helium sib tov yog siv los txhim kho kev tiv thaiv thiab kub siab.
Daim ntawv thov: Siv nyob rau hauv loj tooj liab structural qhov chaw, tuab tooj liab daim hlau, hluav taws xob busbars, thiab lwm yam.
2.3 Plasma Arc Vuam
Plasma arc vuam muaj zog ntau dua thiab muaj peev xwm nkag tau ntau dua li TIG vuam.
Qhov zoo: Nws tuaj yeem paub ib qho - sab vuam thiab ob npaug - sab ua rau cov phaj tooj liab ntawm qee qhov tuab, nrog me me deformation thiab siab sib koom ua ke.
Daim ntawv thov: Haum rau nruab nrab - tuab ntshiab tooj liab cov khoom siv uas xav tau kev ua haujlwm siab thiab ua haujlwm siab.
2.4 Brazing
Brazing yog haum rau nyias- cov phab ntsa, qhov me me thiab cov hlau sib txawv uas muaj cov tooj liab ntshiab.
Nta: Tsawg vuam kub, tsis muaj melting ntawm lub hauv paus hlau, me me deformation, haum rau complex Cheebtsam.
Brazing muab tub lim hlau: Phosphorus tooj liab brazing muab tub lim hlau, nyiaj tooj liab brazing muab tub lim hlau, thiab lwm yam.
Daim ntawv thov: Copper yeeb nkab kev sib txuas, hluav taws xob tiv tauj, hluav taws xob sib hloov cores, tooj liab thiab hlau, tooj liab thiab aluminium dissimilar kev twb kev txuas.
2.5 Electron Beam Vuam thiab Laser Vuam
Cov no yog siab - zog nqaj vuam txoj kev nrog siab precision thiab tsawg deformation.
Qhov zoo: Kev nkag mus tob, nqaim cua sov- thaj tsam cuam tshuam, vuam me me deformation, haum rau siab -precision thiab siab-kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov khoom siv tooj liab.
Daim Ntawv Thov: Siv hauv aerospace, siab -kawg electronics, precision instruments thiab lwm yam teb.
3. Cov lus xaus
Hauv cov ntsiab lus, cov tooj liab ntshiab yog ib qho nyuaj -rau-weld cov khoom uas tsis zoo weldability raws li cov qauv siv, tab sis tsim nyog welded pob qij txha tuaj yeem tau txais los ntawm kev xaiv cov txheej txheem tsim nyog thiab kev tswj xyuas nruj. Ntawm ntau txoj kev vuam, TIG vuam yog ntau yam thiab feem ntau siv rau cov tooj liab ntshiab, MIG vuam yog tsim rau nruab nrab - cov phaj tuab thiab siab - lub sijhawm ua haujlwm tau zoo, brazing yog tsim rau nyias qhov sib txawv thiab sib txawv, thiab laser lossis electron beam welding yog siv rau siab -precision zaus.
