1: Dab tsi yog Titanium Alloy Welded Steel Pipes, thiab vim li cas lawv thiaj suav tias yog cov khoom siv hauv kev lag luam niaj hnub no?
Titanium Alloy Welded Steel Pipes, ntau dua lub npe Titanium-Clad lossis Titanium-Led Steel Pipes, yog ib chav kawm ntawm cov kav dej sib xyaw ua haujlwm rau qhov chaw pabcuam huab cua. Lawv tsis yog ib qho yooj yim alloy tab sis ib tug sophisticated bimetallic composite. Cov qauv tseem ceeb feem ntau yog cov pa roj carbon steel uas muaj zog lossis qis- alloy steel yeeb nkab, uas muab cov cuab yeej siv zog siab, cov txheej txheem nruj, thiab tus nqi- ua tau zoo. Qhov chaw sab hauv (thiab qee zaum sab nrauv rau atmospheric corrosion) yog lined lossis clad nrog ntshiab titanium (xws li, Gr2) lossis titanium alloy (piv txwv li, Ti-Pd Gr7, Ti-6Al-4V Gr5) txheej, feem ntau yog 1.5-3 hli tuab. Cov txheej txheej titanium no muab qhov tshwj xeeb corrosion tsis kam tiv thaiv kev tawm tsam hnyav xws li cov chlorides kub, cov tshuaj chlorine ntub, oxidizing acids (nitric acid), thiab txo cov kua qaub (nrog rau qib Pd-stabilized).
Lawv lub tswv yim tus nqi yog nyob rau hauv lawv lub peev xwm los txuas cov kev ua tau zoo - tus nqi sib txawv. Cov yeeb nkab titanium khoom muaj qhov kawg corrosion kuj tab sis ntawm tus nqi txwv thiab nrog qis qis rau cov kab loj loj. Tus qauv steel yeeb nkab yog pheej yig thiab muaj zog tab sis ua tsis tau sai hauv kev pabcuam corrosive. Cov yeeb nkab sib xyaw ua ke sib xyaw ua ke zoo tshaj plaws ntawm ob qho tib si: lub siab- kev muaj peev xwm thiab kev lag luam ntawm cov hlau nrog cov tshuaj inertness ntawm titanium. Qhov no ua rau lawv tsis muaj qhov tseem ceeb rau qhov loj - nplai, cov txheej txheem tseem ceeb hauv kev lag luam uas tsis ua haujlwm tsis yog qhov kev xaiv, xws li Flue Gas Desulfurization (FGD) systems, chemical processing, offshore oil & gas, and seawater desalination plants.
2: Dab tsi yog cov txheej txheem tsim khoom tseem ceeb rau cov kav dej sib xyaw no, thiab cov txheej txheem cuam tshuam rau lawv cov kev ua tau zoo li cas?
Txoj kev tsim khoom yog qhov tseem ceeb vim nws txiav txim siab txog kev ncaj ncees ntawm cov hlau nplaum ntawm ob qhov sib txawv ntawm cov hlau. Ob txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb yog Explosive Cladding thiab Roll Bonding.
Explosive Cladding (Explosion Vuam): Qhov no yog ib qho kev ua haujlwm siab -zog, khoom- lub xeev vuam txheej txheem. Ib daim ntawv ntawm titanium ("clad" lossis "flyer phaj") muab tso rau tib lub sijhawm rau cov yeeb nkab steel ("pem"). Cov txheej txheem tawg tau raug ntsuas tau raug tawg rau ntawm titanium sab nrauv. Kev tswj kev tawg tau tsav lub titanium phaj hla qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov nrawm nrawm (ntau pua m / s) thiab ntawm lub kaum ntse ntse, sib tsoo nrog cov hlau. Qhov kev sib tsoo no tsim lub dav hlau ntawm cov khoom siv saum npoo av (tshwj xeeb ntawm qhov chaw) thiab ua rau muaj kev kub ntxhov hauv cheeb tsam thiab cua sov, tsim kom muaj wavy, intermetallic -dawb daim ntawv cog lus ntawm lub interface. Cov nthwv dej no-zoo li qhov sib txuas yog lub cim ntawm kev tawg tawg thiab muab cov khoom siv zoo heev thiab cov ntawv cog lus siab zog, feem ntau tshaj 210 MPa. Nws yog qhov zoo tagnrho rau hnyav- cov hlab ntsha phab ntsa thiab loj - cov kav dej.
Roll Bonding: Qhov no yog ib qho thermo- txheej txheem tshuab. Cov yeeb nkab steel thiab lub tes tsho titanium tau sib sau ua ke. Lub rooj sib txoos yog rhuab nyob rau hauv ib tug tswj cua sov cua sov thiab ces dhau los ntawm ib tug series ntawm dov mills nyob rau hauv siab siab. Kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm tshav kub thiab deformation ua rau cov hlau sib txuas diffusively. Cov txiaj ntsig tau txais txiaj ntsig interface feem ntau yog tiaj tus thiab linear. Thaum yob daim ntawv cog lus muaj kev tswj xyuas qhov zoo tshaj plaws thiab tsim nyog rau qhov ntev - ntev cov yeeb nkab tsim, ua tiav cov ntawv cog lus lub zog siab npaum li qhov tawg cladding tuaj yeem nyuaj dua. Cov txheej txheem yuav tsum muaj kev tswj xyuas kom meej los tiv thaiv kev tsim cov nkig intermetallic theem (xws li FeTi, Fe₂Ti) ntawm lub interface, uas tuaj yeem ua raws li cov ntsiab lus tawg.
Kev cuam tshuam kev ua tau zoo: Kev xaiv ntawm cov txheej txheem cuam tshuam rau kev tsim siab, thermal cycling kev ua tau zoo, thiab fabricability. Cov ntaub ntawv nplaum nplaum feem ntau muab cov ntawv cog lus zoo tshaj plaws rau siab - kev siv siab, thaum yob- cov kav dej sib txuas tau txais txiaj ntsig rau cov txheej txheem txuas ntxiv uas xav tau ntev, seamless clad lengths.
3: Dab tsi yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev vuam thiab kev tsim cov nyom thaum txhim kho Titanium-Clad Steel Piping Systems?
Fabrication yog cov txheej txheem xav tau tshaj plaws, vim nws koom nrog cov txheej txheem steel thiab cov titanium corrosion-cov txheej txheem ib txhij thiab sib cais. Qhov kev sib tw tseem ceeb yog tiv thaiv kev sib kis thiab ua tiav lub suab, corrosion- cov pob qij txha tiv taus hauv cov titanium liner.
Joint Design: Tus qauv txheej txheem yog cov txheej txheem "Step-Weld" lossis "Butt-Joint". Cov yeeb nkab steel kawg yog npaj nrog bevel rau cov pa welding (SMAW, GTAW). Lub titanium liner txuas ntxiv me ntsis sab hauv, tsim ib daim di ncauj. Cov txheej txheem vuam yog qhov tseem ceeb:
Kauj Ruam 1: Weld lub Steel Backing Layer. Ua ntej, cov txheej txheem steel kav yog welded ua ke los ntawm sab nraud siv cov txheej txheem carbon steel.
Kauj Ruam 2: Weld Titanium Liner. Qhov no yog kauj ruam tseem ceeb tshaj plaws. Lub titanium "npauj npaim" lossis "dutchman" - ua ntej - tsim titanium ntxig nplhaib - muab tso rau hauv qhov sib koom ua ke. Ib tug neeg welder uas muaj ntawv pov thawj ces ua ib qho Internal Gas Tungsten Arc Vuam (GTAW) ua hauj lwm los koom lub titanium liner di ncauj rau lub nplhaib ntxig. Qhov vuam no yuav tsum tau ua nrog cov roj tsis muaj zog tiv thaiv (argon, 99.999% purity) ntawm ob lub ntsej muag thiab cov hauv paus hniav (hauv cov yeeb nkab) txhawm rau tiv thaiv cov pa paug hauv huab cua (oxygen, nitrogen) uas embrittles titanium.
Cov kev sib tw tseem ceeb & kev daws teeb meem:
Intermetallic Tsim: Txhua yam hlau (Fe) paug los ntawm cov cuab yeej hlau los yog vuam tawg mus rau hauv cov titanium weld yuav tsim nkig intermetallic, ua rau lav qhov tawg. Kev mob siab, cov cuab yeej huv si thiab kev sib koom ua haujlwm nruj rau kev ua haujlwm titanium yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua.
Shielding Gas Purity: Kev tshem tawm tsis txaus lossis kev tiv thaiv ua rau muaj xim tsis zoo (xiav, straw, dawb oxides) thiab embrittlement. Cov ntaub thaiv npog tom qab, tshem tawm cov dams, thiab tiag tiag - lub sij hawm oxygen analyzers hauv cov pa ntxuav yog qhov tseem ceeb.
Tsis yog-Kev Ntsuam Xyuas Kev Puas Tsuaj (NDT): Lub titanium liner weld raug tshuaj xyuas los ntawm Visual Testing (VT), Dye Penetrant Testing (PT), thiab qhov tseem ceeb tshaj, Helium Leak Testing lossis Nqus Box Testing kom paub meej pinhole- dawb huv. Radiographic Testing (RT) kuj tseem siv tau.
4: Hauv cov ntawv thov kev lag luam tshwj xeeb ua cov kav dej no xa cov nqi tsis sib xws, thiab cov qib twg ntawm titanium feem ntau tau teev tseg?
Lawv qhov kev xav tau muaj txiaj ntsig ci ntsa iab hauv qhov loj - txoj kab uas hla, siab -throughput systems tuav nruj chemistry. Cov ntawv thov tseem ceeb suav nrog:
Flue Gas Desulfurization (FGD) Systems: Qhov no yog daim ntawv thov loj tshaj plaws. Lawv yog siv rau absorber ntauwd slurry piping, qhov hluav taws xob ducts, thiab dampers. Ib puag ncig yog kub, kua qaub kua qaub ntawm sulfurous / sulfuric acid, chlorides, thiab ya tshauv. Qib 2 Titanium (CP Ti) yuav luag universally teev ntawm no vim nws zoo meej tshuav nyiaj li cas ntawm corrosion kuj nyob rau hauv oxidizing chloride media, formability, thiab nqi. Nws cia siab rau cov "kev phem" tej yam kev mob uas stainless hlau (xws li, 317L) raug kev txom nyem pitting thiab kev nyuaj siab corrosion cracking.
Tshuaj & Pharmaceutical Processing: Rau reactors, kab, thiab hloov kab tuav kub nitric acid, acetic acid, los yog chloride -muaj cov organic kwj. Rau kev txo cov kua qaub ntau dua (xws li dilute hydrochloric), Qib 7 (Ti-0.15Pd) lossis Qib 16 (Ti-0.05Pd) tau teev tseg rau lawv cov kev txhim kho crevice corrosion kuj muab los ntawm palladium ntxiv.
Seawater & Brine tuav: Rau seawater intake / outfall kab, brine rhaub piping hauv desalination (MED, MSF nroj tsuag), thiab offshore dej ntsev txhaj kab. Qib 2 resists pitting thiab crevice corrosion superbly. Rau qhov kub thiab txias, cov kev pabcuam brine tsis ruaj khov, Qib 7 tuaj yeem xaiv.
Hydrometallurgy (Nickel/Cobalt Pressure Acid Leach): Autoclave cov kab tawm thiab cia-down systems ntsib abrasive heev, corrosive slurries ntawm qhov kub thiab txias. Ntawm no, Qib 5 (Ti-6Al-4V) yog qee zaum clad rau nws cov kev tiv thaiv corrosion-corrosion zoo dua thiab muaj zog dua, txawm tias Qib 12 (Ti-0.3Mo-0.8Ni) kuj yog ib qho kev xaiv nrov, raug nqi zoo rau nws txoj kev txhim kho cov kua qaub tiv thaiv qib 2.
5: Yuav ua li cas cov qauv thoob ntiaj teb (ASTM, ASME, NORSOK) tswj kev zoo thiab kev siv cov kav dej no?
Kev ua raws li cov qauv nruj tsis yog - sib tham tau rau kev nyab xeeb thiab kev ua haujlwm. Cov qauv no tswj hwm cov khoom siv, kev tsim khoom, kev sim, thiab tsim qauv.
Khoom siv & Manufacturing Standards:
ASTM B898: Qhov no yog tus qauv tseem ceeb rau"Standard Specification rau Reactive thiab Refractory Hlau Clad Phaj."Nws qhia txog qhov yuav tsum tau ua rau tawg lossis yob- cov ntawv sib txuas ntawm cov titanium, zirconium, lossis tantalum rau cov hlau, suav nrog cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg, cov khoom siv kho tshuab ntawm cov txheej txheem ntawm tus kheej, thiab qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws, qhov tsawg kawg nkaus shear lub zog ntawm daim ntawv cog lus (ib qho kev ntsuas ntawm kev ncaj ncees).
ASTM B363: Npog seamless thiab welded"Titanium thiab Titanium Alloy Vuam Fittings"ua los ntawm clad phaj lossis khoom titanium, uas yog siv los tsim lub luj tshib, tees, thiab reducers rau cov kav dej.
Tsim & Fabrication Standards:
ASME Boiler thiab Pressure Vessel Code, Tshooj VIII, Division 1: Muab cov cai rau kev tsim thiab tsim cov hlab ntsha siab siv cov ntaub ntawv clad (ntawm Code Case 2596 rau cov khoom tawg). Nws txhais li cas rau account rau txheej clad nyob rau hauv thickness xam.
ASME B31.3 Txheej Txheem Piping Code: Phau Vaj Lug Kub Npaiv Npaum rau cov txheej txheem piping tsim. Nws suav nrog cov kev cai rau kev tsim cov kav dej clad thiab lined, qhia cov kev ntxhov siab uas tso cai, cov ntsiab lus sib koom ua ke, thiab kev soj ntsuam yuav tsum tau ua.
Kev lag luam-Cov qauv tshwj xeeb:
NORSOK M-001 (Kev Xaiv Cov Khoom Siv) & M-630 (Cov Ntaub Ntawv Cov Ntaub Ntawv): Cov no yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv Norwegian offshore roj & roj sector. Lawv muab cov txheej txheem xaiv cov khoom zoo thiab cov ncauj lus kom ntxaws, feem ntau qhia txog titanium (Gr2 lossis Gr7) rau cov dej hiav txwv tseem ceeb thiab cov txheej txheem txheej txheem. Kev ua raws li NORSOK yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua kom nquag plias rau North Sea tej yaam num.
TS EN ISO 21809 Kev Tiv Thaiv Kev Tiv Thaiv Yeeb Nkab: Thaum tsom mus rau cov txheej txheem sab nraud, nws cov hauv paus ntsiab lus ua raws li kev siv cov cladding sab hauv raws li kev tiv thaiv corrosion rau cov kav dej hauv qab.
Kev yuav khoom ntawm titanium-clad steel yeeb nkab yuav tsum tau Certified Material Test Reports (CMTRs) uas taug qab ua raws li cov qauv no, suav nrog cov txiaj ntsig kev sib tw sib tw, cov txheej txheem ntawm tus kheej, thiab kev sim tshuab.
