1. Alloy Composition Design
Matrix ntxiv dag zog rau cov ntsiab lus
Cov ntsiab lus xws lichromium (Cr), Molybdenum (Mo), tungsten (W), thiabrhenium (Re)yaj mus rau hauv cov nickel (Ni) matrix los ua ib qho kev hloov khoom siv. Cov ntsiab lus no muaj atomic radii loj dua Ni, ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam loj heev hauv cov matrix. Qhov kev hloov pauv no ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam rau kev txav mus los thiab atomic diffusion- ob lub ntsiab lus ntawm kev nkag mus deformation. Piv txwv li, Mo thiab W tuaj yeem txhim kho qhov siab ntawm - qhov kub thiab txias ntawm matrix vim lawv cov ntsiab lus melting siab thiab cov khoom muaj zog - kev daws teeb meem ntxiv zog; Re tuaj yeem txo tus nqi diffusion ntawm atoms hauv matrix, yog li ncua cov txheej txheem creep deformation.
Precipitation strengthening ntsiab
Cov ntsiab lus xws lialuminium (Al)thiabtitanium (Ti)yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws los nag los tiv thaiv cov ntsiab lus hauv nickel-raws li alloys. Lawv hnov mob nrog Ni los tsim ib coherent txiav txim intermetallic theem' (Ni₃(Al,Ti)), uas yog thawj zaug ntxiv dag zog rau creep kuj. Qhov ntim feem, qhov loj me, thiab kev ruaj ntseg ntawm 'theem ncaj qha txiav txim siab qhov kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov hlau:
Ib feem ntawm qhov ntim siab (30%–70% hauv npib tsib xee-raws li superalloys) ntawm 'theem tuaj yeem thaiv kev txav ntawm kev txav mus los hauv matrix.
Fine thiab uniformly faib 'particles muaj zog dislocation pinning muaj peev xwm tshaj li ntxhib los yog unevenly faib sawv daws yuav.
Lub 'theem nrog zoo siab- qhov kub thiab txias (piv txwv li, ntxiv tantalum (Ta) thiab niobium (Nb) los ua Ni₃(Al, Ti, Ta, Nb)) tsis yooj yim rau overaging lossis dissolution ntawm kub kub, kom ntseeg tau ntev -lub sij hawm creep resistance.
Trace impurity tswj
Ua phem impurities xws lisulfur (S), phosphorus (P), thiablead (Pb)tuaj yeem sib cais ntawm cov ciam teb nplej, txo cov kev sib txuas ntawm cov qoob loo ciam teb thiab ua kom nrawm nrawm ntawm cov pob txha pob txha. Yog li, kev tswj nruj ntawm cov ntsiab lus impurity (feem ntau qis dua 0.01%) yog qhov tseem ceeb los xyuas kom meej cov khoom zoo heev.
2. Cov yam ntxwv ntawm microstructure
Grain ciam qauv optimization
Creep deformation ntawm qhov kub thiab txias yog feem ntau nrog cov nplej ciam zawv zawg, uas yog ib qho ntawm cov laj thawj tseem ceeb ntawm kev nkag tsis ua haujlwm. Optimizing grain ciam qauv tuaj yeem tiv thaiv tus cwj pwm no:
Nplej ciam teb ntxiv dag zog: Ntxiv cov kab lus xws liboron (B)thiabzirconium (Zr)tuaj yeem sib cais ntawm cov ciam teb nplej, ntxuav cov ciam teb nplej, thiab txhim kho cov qoob loo ciam teb lub zog, yog li txo cov qoob loo ciam teb.
Nruam grain ciam teb carbide nag lossis daus: Cov ntsiab lus xws licarbon (C)react nrog Cr, Mo, thiab W rau daim ntawvM₂₃C₆los yogMCcarbides, uas precipitate tsis tu ncua nyob rau hauv grain ciam teb los tsim ib tug "grain ciam skeleton" thiab thaiv grain ciam teb txav.
Ib leeg - crystal lossis directionally solidified qauv: Rau siab -kev ua tau zoo npib tsib xee-raws li superalloys siv nyob rau hauv turbine hniav, ib zaug xwb-crystal los yog directionally solidified txheej txheem tshem tawm transverse grain ciam teb, fundamentally tsis txhob intergranular creep puas thiab ho txhim kho lub neej nkag.
Txhim kho theem morphology thiab kev faib tawm
Lub morphology thiab kev faib tawm ntawm 'theem yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev nkag siab tsis kam. Nyob rau hauv zoo-tsim nickel-raws li alloys, 'theem feem ntau yogspherical los yog cuboidalthiab uniformly faib nyob rau hauv lub matrix. Qhov no morphology tuaj yeem ua rau kom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm kev cuam tshuam; yog tias 'theem dhau los ua koob-zoo li lossis tsis xwm yeem vim yog kev kho cua sov tsis raug, nws qhov kev txhawb zog yuav raug txo kom tsawg. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov tsim ntawm a/ ' eutectic qauvhauv qee qhov superalloys tuaj yeem txhim kho kev nkag siab ntxiv los ntawm kev cuam tshuam kev cuam tshuam kev nthuav tawm.
Matrix grain loj tswj
Cov nyhuv ntawm matrix grain loj ntawm creep zog ua raws li covHall-Petch kev sib raug zootab sis yog qhov kub thiab txias nyob ntawm:
Ntawm qhov kub thiab txias siab: Cov nplej zoo tuaj yeem txhim kho kev nkag siab vim tias cov ciam teb thaiv kev txav mus los.
Ntawm qhov kub thiab txias tsis tshua muaj kev ntxhov siab: Cov nplej ntxhib tau zoo dua vim tias lawv txo tag nrho cov qoob loo ciam teb thiab inhibit grain ciam zawv zawg, uas yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws hauv qab no.
3. Kev Siv Tshuab
Kev kho cua sov txheej txheem
Kev kho cua sov tsim nyog (kev daws teeb meem + kev kho kev laus) yog tus yuam sij kom tau txais qhov zoo tshaj plaws 'theem morphology thiab kev faib tawm:
Kev kho mob: Cua sov cov hlau mus rau qhov kub siab tshaj qhov 'theem dissolution kub thiab tuav nws rau ib lub sij hawm yuav yaj lub ntxhib 'theem rau hauv matrix, thiab ces ceev ceev txias yuav tau ib tug supersaturated khoom tov.
Kev laus kev kho mob: Tuav lub alloy ntawm qhov kub thiab txias (feem ntau yog 700-1000 degree) rau ib lub sijhawm twg tuaj yeem ua rau cov theem zoo thiab zoo ib yam, uas ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev ntxiv dag zog. Ntau- theem kev laus tuaj yeem ua kom zoo dua qhov kev faib tawm loj ntawm 'theem (xws li, dual- qhov loj ' qhov loj me: cov lus ntxhib tiv thaiv kev txiav tawm, cov khoom zoo cuam tshuam kev txav txav).
Casting thiab forging txheej txheem
Forging txheej txheem: Kub forging tuaj yeem rhuav tshem cov ntxhib xws li - cov nplej cam khwb cia, ua kom cov microstructure zoo dua, thiab tshem tawm cov kev ua tsis xws luag xws li porosity thiab kev sib cais, yog li txhim kho qhov sib xws ntawm cov khoom nkag.
Precision casting: Directional solidification thiab ib zaug -crystal casting technologies tuaj yeem tswj cov kev loj hlob ntawm cov qoob loo, tshem tawm cov kab hla hla ciam teb, thiab tau siv dav hauv kev npaj siab - qhov kub thiab txias nrog cov kev xav tau hnyav heev.
Nto hloov tshuab
Kev kho deg xws lialuminizingthiabchromizingcan form a dense oxide film on the alloy surface, which not only improves high-temperature oxidation resistance but also prevents surface damage caused by corrosive media, thus indirectly maintaining the creep resistance of the alloy.
4. Kev Pabcuam Ib puag ncig
Kub
Qhov kub thiab txias yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm ib puag ncig uas cuam tshuam rau kev nkag mus. Nrog rau qhov nce ntawm qhov kub thiab txias, qhov atomic diffusion tus nqi nyob rau hauv lub alloy nce exponentially, lub dislocation zog tsis kam txo, thiab grain ciam zawv zawg yuav tshwm sim. Thaum qhov kub thiab txias tshaj 0.5 npaug ntawm qhov tseeb melting point ntawm cov hlau, tus creep deformation tus nqi yuav nce sharply, thiab lub creep lub neej yuav luv luv.
Qib kev nyuaj siab
Creep deformation tus nqi yog zoo correlated nrog rau kev nyuaj siab thov. Nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej muaj kev ntxhov siab, qhov kev txav txav txav ntawm cov hlau yog dominated los ntawm plam, thiab cov creep deformation yog ceev; Nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej tsis tshua muaj kev ntxhov siab, cov qoob loo zawv zawg thiab atomic diffusion dhau los ua cov txheej txheem tseem ceeb, thiab qhov deformation tus nqi kuj qeeb tab sis tseem yuav ua rau tawg rau lub sijhawm ntev.
Corrosive cua
Hauv cov chaw pabcuam uas muaj cov xov xwm corrosive (piv txwv li, siab-kub oxidation cua, sulfur- muaj roj, ntsev pos huab), lub alloy nto yuav corroded, tsim pits los yog micro- tawg. Cov teeb meem no yuav dhau los ua cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev ntxhov siab, ua kom qhov pib thiab nthuav tawm ntawm cov kab nrib pleb thiab txo qis txoj sia.
