1. Q: Dab tsi yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm welded thiab seamless Nickel 200 yeeb nkab, thiab dab tsi cuam tshuam rau kev xaiv cov yeeb nkab welded rau kev lag luam?
A:Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm welded thiab seamless Nickel 200 yeeb nkab nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem tsim, uas cuam tshuam rau qhov muaj nyob, tus nqi qauv, thiab qee yam kev ua tau zoo.
Seamless Nickel 200 yeeb nkabyog tsim los ntawm extruding los yog kos ib tug khoom billet tshaj ib tug mandrel los ua ib tug hollow raj yam tsis muaj longitudinal seam. Cov txheej txheem no yields ib homogeneous qauv nrog uniform grain loj thiab tsis muaj weld kab. Seamless yeeb nkab yog qhov zoo dua rau qhov tseem ceeb siab- muaj cov ntawv thov, siab - qhov kev pabcuam kub, thiab ib puag ncig qhov chaw uas muaj cov vuam seam-txawm tias ib qho khoom tsim tau zoo- qhia qhov chaw muaj peev xwm rau thaj chaw corrosion lossis kev ua haujlwm tsis muaj zog.
Welded Nickel 200 yeeb nkabyog tsim los ntawm kev tsim ib lub tiaj tiaj los yog daim ntawv ntawm Nickel 200 rau hauv cov duab cylindrical thiab longitudinally vuam seam. Cov txheej txheem welding feem ntau yog:
Tungsten inert gas (TIG) vuam (GTAW):Nyiam rau siab -zoo, autogenous los yog muab tub lim- ntxiv welds nrog zoo heev nto tiav
Plasma arc vuam (PAW):Siv rau kev tsim khoom ntau dua nrog kev nkag mus tob
Laser vuam:Ua hauj lwm rau precision daim ntawv thov nrog nqaim cua sov- thaj tsam cuam tshuam
Kev xaiv ntawm welded yeeb nkab feem ntau yog tsav los ntawm:
Tus nqi efficiency:Welded yeeb nkab feem ntau muab cov khoom siv qis qis dua li qhov sib npaug seamless, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv cov kab uas loj dua (feem ntau siab dua 6 ntiv tes / 150 hli) qhov seamless yuav pheej yig dua lossis tsis muaj.
Dimensional muaj:Welded yeeb nkab tuaj yeem tsim nyob rau hauv loj diameters (txog 24 ntiv tes los yog ntau tshaj) tshaj seamless yeeb nkab, uas yog txwv los ntawm billet loj thiab extrusion muaj peev xwm.
Cov xwm txheej kev pabcuam nruab nrab:Rau cov kev siv qhov twg siab, kub, thiab corrosion hnyav nyob rau hauv nruab nrab, welded yeeb nkab muab kev ua tau zoo txaus ntawm tus nqi qis.
Txawm li cas los xij, welded yeeb nkab yog raug rau qhov zoo ntawm seam weld. Lub weld cheeb tsam yuav muaj ib tug txawv grain qauv, muaj peev xwm rau rhiab heev, thiab residual stresses uas yuav cuam tshuam rau corrosion. Rau Nickel 200 welded yeeb nkab, cov txheej txheem vuam kom raug, muab cov hlau xaiv, thiab tom qab- kev kho vuam yog qhov tseem ceeb los xyuas kom meej tias cov seam ua tau zoo sib npaug rau cov hlau hauv paus.
2. Q: Dab tsi yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev tsim khoom thiab kev tswj xyuas zoo rau Nickel 200 welded yeeb nkab, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog hais txog weld seam kev ncaj ncees thiab tom qab-weld heat treatment?
A:Kev tsim cov nickel 200 welded yeeb nkab yuav tsum muaj kev tswj xyuas nruj kom ntseeg tau tias qhov ntev ntawm lub vuam seam ua tau raws li qhov kev tiv thaiv corrosion, txhua yam muaj zog, thiab kev ntseeg tau zoo li niam txiv hlau. Cov yam tseem ceeb hauv qab no tswj hwm qhov zoo:
Txoj kev npaj:Cov khoom pib-Nickel 200 daim ntawv lossis strip- yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo tshuaj xyuas kom pom qhov tsis xws luag, suav nrog, thiab qhov sib xws. Ntug feem ntau yog milled los yog sheared kom huv si, square npoo rau zoo sib xws weld ob leeg haum-up. Kev huv ntawm qhov chaw yog qhov tseem ceeb; Txhua yam roj uas seem, roj, lossis oxides tuaj yeem ua rau lub pas dej welding thiab ua rau porosity lossis embrittlement.
Welding txheej txheem tswj:Lub longitudinal seam yog feem ntau welded sivAutogenous Gas tungsten arc vuam (GTAW)-tsis muaj cov hlau muab tub lim- rau cov phab ntsa nyias nyias (txog li 3-4 hli). Rau cov phab ntsa hnyav dua, muab tub lim hlauNickel 61 (UNS N9961) CAS TSIS TAU., txuam lub hauv paus hlau muaj pes tsawg leeg, yog ntxiv. Cov txheej txheem tseem ceeb muaj xws li:
Kub input tswj:Precisely tswj kom ua tiav tag nrho kev nkag mus yam tsis muaj cua sov ntau dhau - cuam tshuam cheeb tsam (HAZ) kev loj hlob
Tiv thaiv Gas:High -purity argon los yog helium, nrog cov ntaub thaiv npog thiab cov roj rov qab los tiv thaiv oxidation ntawm cov hauv paus hniav
Weld ceev:Optimized kom tswj tau cov hlaws geometry zoo ib yam thiab txo cov kev ntxhov siab uas seem
Tom qab-weld heat treatment (PWHT):Tom qab vuam, Nickel 200 welded yeeb nkab feem ntau undergoes akev nyuaj siab nyem annealingkev kho mob ntawm 595-705℃(1100-1300℃F). Txoj kev kho no ua haujlwm rau ntau lub hom phiaj:
Relieves residual stresses induced los ntawm kev sib sau thiab vuam
Restores ductility nyob rau hauv weld cheeb tsam thiab HAZ
Txo qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev ntxhov siab corrosion tawg hauv kev pabcuam
Rau welded yeeb nkab, PWHT yog qhov tseem ceeb los xyuas kom meej tias cov seam tsis dhau los ua qhov chaw nyiam rau corrosion lossis mechanical tsis ua haujlwm.
Kev ntsuam xyuas tsis zoo (NDE):Kev ruaj ntseg zoo rau Nickel 200 welded yeeb nkab feem ntau suav nrog:
100% radiographic kuaj (RT)ntawm longitudinal weld seam kom pom porosity, tsis muaj fusion, los yog inclusions
Liquid penetrant testing (PT)ntawm qhov chaw weld kom pom qhov chaw - tawg tsis xws luag
Eddy tam sim no xeem (ECT)rau cov ntawv thov raj txhawm rau txhawm rau txheeb xyuas qhov tsis zoo
Kev ntsuam xyuas hydrostaticntawm txhua cov yeeb nkab ntev los xyuas qhov tseeb siab
Cold ua hauj lwm thiab sizing:Tom qab vuam thiab kev kho cua sov, cov yeeb nkab feem ntau yog txias los yog txias dov kom ua tau raws li qhov ntev ntev. Qhov kev ua haujlwm txias no kuj ua kom zoo dua cov qauv nplej thiab txhim kho cov khoom siv kho tshuab. Thaum kawg annealing restores cov khoom mus rau cov mos mos, ductile mob tus yam ntxwv ntawm Nickel 200.
Kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov kev tswj hwm kev tsim khoom no ua kom ntseeg tau tias cov khoom siv nickel 200 welded yeeb nkab ua tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua ntawm ASTM B161, B162, lossis B675, thiab tuaj yeem teev rau ntau yam kev pabcuam corrosive.
3. Q: Nyob rau hauv dab tsi corrosive ib puag ncig yog Nickel 200 welded yeeb nkab haum, thiab yuav tsum tau ceev faj dab tsi los xyuas kom meej lub weld seam tsis dhau los ua ib tug nyiam nres?
A:Nickel 200 welded yeeb nkab yog tsim rau tib yam corrosive ib puag ncig zoo li seamless Nickel 200, yog tias cov vuam seam yog tsim kom zoo, kho cua sov, thiab tshuaj xyuas. Cov chaw ua haujlwm tseem ceeb muaj xws li:
Caustic alkalis (sodium, potassium, calcium hydroxides):Nickel 200 nthuav qhia tshwj xeeb rau kev daws teeb meem caustic thoob plaws txhua qhov kev xav tau thiab kub txog li 315℃(600℃F). Lub weld seam, thaum muaj kev ntxhov siab kom zoo, ua pov thawj piv rau corrosion kuj. Txawm li cas los xij, tsis raug welded seams nrog residual stresses los yog sensitized microstructures tuaj yeem ua qhov chaw pib rau kev ntxhov siab corrosion cracking.Ceev faj:Tom qab-weld stress relief annealing ntawm 595–705℃yog yuav tsum tau rau welded yeeb nkab hauv elevated -kub caustic kev pab cuam.
Txo cov kua qaub (dilute sulfuric, hydrochloric, phosphoric acids):Hauv cov pa oxygen-dawb txo qhov chaw, Nickel 200 muab kev tiv thaiv zoo. Lub weld cheeb tsam, yog tias muaj kab mob thaum lub sij hawm vuam, tuaj yeem nthuav tawm nrawm nrawm vim muaj kev cuam tshuam galvanic ntawm cov hlau vuam thiab cov hlau hauv paus.Ceev faj:Kev huv huv nruj thaum tsim khoom- suav nrog kev siv cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb thiab kev ua kom huv huv huv huv - tiv thaiv kev kis kab mob. Kev siv cov khoom sib txuam hlau (Nickel 61) ua kom muaj kev sib haum xeeb ntawm electrochemical.
Qhuav halogens (chlorine, fluorine):Nickel 200 yog tsim rau qhuav chlorine thiab fluorine kev pab cuam ntawm siab kub. Lub weld seam yuav tsum tsis pub dawb los ntawm porosity uas tuaj yeem cuam tshuam cov dej noo, vim tias cov dej noo ingress yuav ua rau hydrochloric acid tsim thiab nres sai.Ceev faj:100% radiographic tshuaj xyuas ntawm lub vuam seam yog feem ntau teev los xyuas kom meej kev ywj pheej ntawm porosity thiab tsis muaj fusion.
Kev ua zaub mov thiab kev siv tshuaj:Nickel 200 yog siv rau hauv kev tuav cov zaub mov thiab cov khoom siv tshuaj uas cov khoom purity yog qhov tseem ceeb. Rau welded yeeb nkab nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, lub internal weld seam yog feem ntauav yaug los yog electropolishedtshem tawm cov crevices qhov twg cov kab mob los yog cov khoom seem tuaj yeem sib sau ua ke.Ceev faj:Internal weld finishing thiab deg roughness (Ra) specifications yog ib qho tseem ceeb los tswj kom huv si.
Hydrofluoric acid (HF):Nickel 200 muaj qhov txwv tsis pub ua rau hydrofluoric acid. Hauv kev pabcuam HF, Alloy 400 (Monel) feem ntau nyiam. Yog tias siv cov yeeb nkab nickel 200 welded, lub vuam seam - nrog nws cov kev hloov kho microstructure - tuaj yeem pom qhov kev tawm tsam tshwj xeeb.Ceev faj:Rau cov kev pab cuam HF, seamless yeeb nkab feem ntau pom zoo tshaj welded siv, thiab lwm yam alloys yuav tsum tau xav txog.
Nyob rau hauv txhua rooj plaub, qhov kev ncaj ncees ntawm weld seam yog qhov tseem ceeb. Welded Nickel 200 yeeb nkab yuav tsum tsuas yog muab los ntawm cov chaw tsim khoom nrog cov ntaub ntawv zoo, cov txheej txheem vuam pov thawj, thiab cov kev pabcuam NDE nruj kom ntseeg tau cov seam.
4. Q: Dab tsi yog qhov zoo thiab kev txwv ntawm Nickel 200 welded yeeb nkab piv rau seamless lwm txoj hauv kev ntawm tus nqi, muaj, thiab kev ua tau zoo rau kev siv cov kev pabcuam caustic?
A:Kev xaiv ntawm welded thiab seamless Nickel 200 yeeb nkab muaj kev lag luam -tawm ntawm cov nqi, muaj, thiab cov yam ntxwv ua haujlwm. Kev nkag siab txog cov xwm txheej no ua rau muaj kev paub xaiv cov ntaub ntawv rau cov ntawv thov tshwj xeeb.
Tus nqi zoo:Welded Nickel 200 yeeb nkab feem ntau muaj15-30% txo tus nqi ntawm cov khoom siv thawj zaugpiv rau seamless sib npaug, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv diameters saum 150 mm (6 nti). Tus nqi sib txawv no yog los ntawm:
Kev tsim khoom qis dua-kev tsim thiab vuam sawb yog tsawg dua peev- hnyav dua li extrusion lossis rotary tho ntawm cov khoom siv hlau
Cov khoom lag luam siab dua- kev ua cov sawb ua kom muaj cov khoom seem tsawg dua li cov khoom siv hluav taws xob-raws li seamless ntau lawm
Muaj cov kab uas loj dua -cov yeeb nkab seamless yuav pheej yig dua thiab txwv tsis pub muaj tshaj 200 hli (8 nti)
Muaj:Welded yeeb nkab yog muaj nyob rau hauv ntau yam diameters thiab phab ntsa thicknesses dua seamless. Thaum seamless Nickel 200 yeeb nkab feem ntau muaj txog li ntawm 300 hli (12 nti) nominal txoj kab uas hla, welded yeeb nkab tuaj yeem tsim nyob rau hauv diameters tshaj 600 hli (24 nti). Rau loj - txoj kab uas hla ntawm cov kab hluav taws xob hloov pauv, lub cev evaporator, thiab kev sib txuas ntawm lub tank, cov yeeb nkab welded feem ntau yog tib txoj kev xaiv.
Kev xav txog kev ua haujlwm:Qhov kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov yeeb nkab welded txheeb ze rau seamless nyob ntawm qhov chaw pabcuam thiab qhov zoo ntawm vuam seam.
| Qhov xwm txheej | Seamless Yeeb Nkab | Welded yeeb nkab |
|---|---|---|
| Kev tsis sib xws | Homogeneous qauv; tsis muaj weld seam | Weld seam nrog txawv microstructure thiab residual stresses |
| Corrosion kuj | Uniform hla cov yeeb nkab | Weld seam, yog tias kho tau zoo, muab qhov sib npaug; kev ua tsis raug cai seams tej zaum yuav nyiam qhov chaw nres |
| Kev ntsuas siab | Siab dua tso cai rau kev ntxhov siab rau ASME code rau kev tsim kho seamless | Code tso cai rau kev ntxhov siab yuav raug txo rau kev tsim kho welded nyob ntawm qhov sib koom ua ke ntawm kev ua haujlwm zoo |
| High-temperature service (>315 degree) | Tsim nyog; seamless nyiam | Welded yeeb nkab yuav siv tau tab sis yuav tsum tau nruj PWHT; seamless feem ntau teev rau qhov tseem ceeb siab -kub siv |
| Kev pabcuam Cyclic / qaug zog | Superior qaug zog kuj | Weld seam tuaj yeem ua rau qaug zog pib qhov chaw nyob rau hauv cyclic loading |
Kev taw qhia txog kev thov:Rau qhov tseem ceeb siab -kub caustic kev pab cuam- xws li evaporator raj hauv chlor-alkali concentrators- seamless yeeb nkab feem ntau tau teev tseg vim tsis muaj qhov vuam seam thiab kev ruaj ntseg ntawm cov khoom sib xws. Rau qis dua -kub caustic hloov kab, loj- taub hau taub hau, thiab kev siv tshuaj ua haujlwm dav dav uas qhov siab thiab qhov kub thiab txias yog nruab nrab, welded yeeb nkab muab tus nqi- lwm txoj kev zoo nrog kev ua tau zoo thaum tsim khoom zoo.
5. Q: Los ntawm kev xav txog kev yuav khoom thiab kev qhia tshwj xeeb, ASTM cov qauv tseem ceeb, kev xav tau ntxiv, thiab cov ntaub ntawv rau Nickel 200 welded yeeb nkab hauv siab yog dab tsi?
A:Kev yuav khoom ntawm Nickel 200 welded yeeb nkab yuav tsum muaj cov lus qhia meej ntawm cov qauv siv ASTM, cov kev xav tau vuam, kev kuaj xyuas tsis zoo, thiab cov ntaub ntawv los xyuas kom meej cov khoom haum rau cov kev pab cuam.
Yam ntxwv ntawm ASTM:Kev tswj xyuas tshwj xeeb rau Nickel 200 welded yeeb nkab nyob ntawm txoj kev tsim khoom thiab cov ntawv thov:
| Specification | Scope |
|---|---|
| ASTM B161 | Seamless yeeb nkab (tsis siv rau welded) |
| ASTM B162 | Phaj, ntawv, thiab sawb- cov khoom pib rau cov yeeb nkab welded |
| ASTM B 675 Cov Lus Qhia Tshwj Xeeb | Welded nickel yeeb nkab (tshwj xeeb nyob rau hauv longitudinally welded yeeb nkab rau kev pabcuam corrosive) |
| ASTM B725, ASTM B725 | Welded npib tsib xee yeeb nkab rau siab -kev pab kub |
| ASTM B 730 Cov khoom siv | Welded nickel yeeb nkab rau condensers thiab tshav kub exchangers |
Rau feem ntau daim ntawv thov kev pabcuam corrosive,ASTM B 675 Cov Lus Qhia Tshwj Xeebyog thawj specification rau Nickel 200 welded yeeb nkab.
Cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm kev yuav khoom:Rau siab- muaj thiab corrosive kev pab cuam, buyers yuav tsum tau qhia:
1. Vuam txheej txheem specification (WPS):Cov chaw tsim khoom yuav tsum muab cov ntaub ntawv WPS tsim nyog rau ASME Tshooj IX, suav nrog:
Vuam txheej txheem (feem ntau GTAW)
Filler hlau hom thiab kev faib tawm (Nickel 61, UNS N9961)
Thaum tshav kub kub input range thiab interpass kub tswj
Shielding gas muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab txaus tus nqi
2. Tshaj tawm -weld heat treatment (PWHT):PWHT feem ntau yuav tsum tau ua rau welded yeeb nkab hauv kev pabcuam corrosive. Qhia:
Kev ntxhov siab rau kev ntxhov siab ntawm 595-705℃(1100-1300℃F)
Huab cua tswj kom tsis txhob oxidation
Cooling tus nqi specifications
3. Kev ntsuam xyuas tsis muaj kev puas tsuaj (NDE):Qhia:
100% radiographic kuaj (RT)ntawm longitudinal weld seam rau ASME Tshooj V
Liquid penetrant testing (PT)ntawm weld seam nto
Kev ntsuam xyuas hydrostaticntawm txhua lub kav dej ntev
4. Tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab txhua yam khoom:
Cov pa roj carbon tsawg dua lossis sib npaug rau 0.15% (Nickel 200) - yog tias siab dua - qhov kev pabcuam kub siab tshaj 315℃yog xav tau, xav txog kev qhia txog Nickel 201 (tsawg dua lossis sib npaug rau 0.02% C) hloov
Tensile zog Ntau dua los yog sib npaug rau 345 MPa (50 ksi)
Yield zog Ntau dua los yog sib npaug rau 103 MPa (15 ksi)
Elongation Ntau dua lossis sib npaug li 40% hauv 50 hli
5. Nto tiav thiab sab hauv weld mob:Rau cov txheej txheem kev siv qhov kev huv huv yog qhov tseem ceeb:
Qhia tshwj xeeb hauv weld seamav yauglos yogelectropolished
Deg roughness (Ra) yuav tsum tau (piv txwv li, Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 0.5 µm rau kev siv tshuaj)
Pickled thiab passivated nto kom tshem tawm cov nplai thiab oxides
Cov ntaub ntawv:Cov ntawv pov thawj yuav tsum muaj xws li:
EN 10204 Hom 3.1(tus neeg tsim khoom daim ntawv pov thawj soj ntsuam) rau cov qauv siv
EN 10204 Hom 3.2(kev ywj pheej thib peb-kev tshuaj ntsuam xyuas tog) rau cov hlab ntsha tseem ceeb lossis PED daim ntawv thov
Cov ntaub ntawv xeem cov ntaub ntawv (MTRs)nrog cov lej kub, yaj chemistry, cov khoom siv kho tshuab, thiab cov txiaj ntsig NDE
Kev txheeb xyuas cov khoom zoo (PMI)cov ntaub ntawv lees paub cov ntsiab lus nickel ntawm txhua cov yeeb nkab ntev
Weld daim ntawv qhiadocumenting qhov chaw thiab tshuaj ntsuam xyuas ntawm txhua longitudinal seam
Kev txwv:Cov neeg yuav khoom yuav tsum paub tias cov yeeb nkab welded yuav tsis raug rau qee yam kev siv:
ASME Tshooj I (lub hwj chim boilers) feem ntau xav tau seamless tsim rau tej yam kev pab cuam
Qee cov txheej txheem tshuaj lom neeg tshwj xeeb txwv tsis pub welded yeeb nkab rau qhov tseem ceeb siab -kub caustic kev pab cuam
Cov ntawv thov Nuclear feem ntau tswj hwm kev tsim kho seamless rau kev nyab xeeb -txog cov kav dej
Los ntawm kev qhia txog cov kev xav tau no, cov neeg yuav khoom tuaj yeem ua kom ntseeg tau tias Nickel 200 welded yeeb nkab ua tau raws li qhov xav tau ntawm kev ua tshuaj lom neeg, kev tuav pov hwm, thiab lwm yam kev pabcuam corrosive thaum ua kom zoo dua tus nqi thiab muaj rau qhov loj dua - txoj kab uas hla.
