Tshaj li kev ua tshuaj lom neeg, dab tsi tshwj xeeb kev lag luam cia siab rau Nickel 201 (UNS N02201) yeeb nkab rau nws lub cev tshwj xeeb, xws li sib nqus permeability thiab thermal conductivity?

1. Q: Qhov txawv nruab nrab ntawm Nickel 200 (UNS N02200) thiab Nickel 201 (UNS N02201) cov kav dej yog dab tsi, thiab vim li cas qhov kev sib txawv no tseem ceeb hauv kev tsim khoom lag luam?

A:Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm Nickel 200 thiab Nickel 201 yog nyob rau hauv lawv cov ntsiab lus carbon, ib qho kev sib txawv uas muaj kev cuam tshuam loj heev rau siab -kev siv kub. Nickel 200, cov khoom lag luam ntshiab wrought nickel qib, muaj cov ntsiab lus siab tshaj plaws ntawm 0.15%. Nickel 201, los ntawm qhov sib txawv, yog qhov qis - carbon variant nrog cov ntsiab lus siab tshaj plaws ntawm 0.02%.

Qhov kev txo qis hauv cov pa roj carbon no tsis yog ib qho kev sib xyaw ua ke xwb - nws ncaj qha hais txog qhov tshwm sim ntawmgraphitization. Thaum Nickel 200 raug kub hnyiab los ntawm kwv yees li 315℃mus rau 600℃(600℃F txog 1112℃F) rau lub sijhawm ntev, cov pa roj carbon tam sim no hauv matrix tuaj yeem ua rau cov graphite dawb. Cov nag lossis daus no embrittles cov khoom, ua rau ib qho tseem ceeb poob hauv ductility, cuam tshuam tsis kam, thiab tag nrho cov neeg kho tshuab kev ncaj ncees. Hauv cov xwm txheej hnyav, graphitization tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj loj hauv kev ntxhov siab.

Nickel 201 kav, nrog rau lawv cov ultra- cov ntsiab lus carbon tsawg, tshem tawm qhov kev pheej hmoo no zoo. Lawv tau tsim tshwj xeeb rau kev pab cuam nyob rau hauv qhov kub thiab txias qhov twg graphitization tshwm sim. Los ntawm qhov kev xav ntawm kev yuav khoom, qhov kev sib txawv no txiav txim siab xaiv cov khoom raws li kev ua haujlwm kub. Rau ambient lossis cryogenic daim ntaub ntawv, Nickel 200 feem ntau txaus thiab muab tus nqi qis dua. Txawm li cas los xij, rau cov khoom siv xws li caustic evaporators, cov khoom siv hluavtaws fiber ntau (tseem ceeb hauv yaj- cov twj spinning), thiab siab - cov tshuaj reactors kub uas ua haujlwm tsis tu ncua siab tshaj 315 degree, Nickel 201 tsis yog lwm txoj hauv kev - nws yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua. Cov neeg yuav khoom yuav tsum txheeb xyuas cov ntawv pov thawj cov ntsiab lus carbon kom ntseeg tau tias cov khoom siv tau ntev -lub sij hawm kev ntseeg siab nyob rau hauv siab{14}} qhov kub thiab txias, vim qhov hloov ntawm Nickel 200 rau Nickel 201 nyob rau hauv xws li ib puag ncig yog ib qho kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev ua tsis tiav ntxov ntxov.

2. Q: Nyob rau hauv dab tsi tshwj xeeb corrosive ib puag ncig UNS N02201 Nickel 201 yeeb nkab ua kom pom kev ua tau zoo dua piv rau austenitic stainless hlau thiab lwm yam nickel-raws li alloys?

A:UNS N02201 Nickel 201 yeeb nkab nyob rau hauv ib qho tshwj xeeb niche hauv corrosion engineering, outperforming ob qho tib si austenitic stainless hlau thiab ntau dua -alloyed cov ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv ob qho tib si, aggressive ib puag ncig:concentrated caustic alkalisthiabqhuav halogens.

Ua ntej, Nickel 201 yog cov khoom ntawm kev xaiv rau kev tuav sodium hydroxide (NaOH) thiab potassium hydroxide (KOH), tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv high concentrations thiab siab kub. Austenitic stainless hlau, xws li Hom 304 lossis 316, muaj kev cuam tshuam ntau rau caustic embrittlement thiab chloride-induced stress corrosion cracking (SCC) hauv cov cheeb tsam no. Nickel 201, txawm li cas los xij, nthuav tawm cov nqi tsis txaus ntseeg hauv cov xov xwm caustic mus txog qhov kub hnyiab, muab cov oxidizing cov kab mob (xws li oxygen, ferric ions, lossis cupric ions) tsawg. Qhov tshwj xeeb tiv thaiv no ua rau nws tus qauv kev lag luam rau caustic evaporators, concentrators, thiab thauj cov kav dej hauv chlor-alkali kev lag luam, nrog rau kev tsim cov rayon thiab ntau yam tshuaj organic.

Thib ob, Nickel 201 muaj qhov tsis sib xws rau cov halogens qhuav, suav nrog fluorine, chlorine, bromine, thiab iodine, ntawm qhov kub thiab txias. Thaum cov hlau tsis muaj hlau tsis tshua muaj siab rau pitting, crevice corrosion, thiab SCC hauv halide-muaj ib puag ncig, Nickel 201 tseem nyob ruaj khov. Cov cuab yeej no tseem ceeb heev hauv kev tsim khoom thiab tuav cov fluorocarbons thiab hauv cov txheej txheem tshuaj uas muaj cov tshuaj chlorine qhuav.

Txawm li cas los xij, nws tseem ceeb sib npaug kom paub txog Nickel 201 cov kev txwv. Nws tsis haum rau oxidizing ib puag ncig, xws li concentrated nitric acid, thiab nws tsis tiv thaiv ib puag ncig uas muaj cov qib tseem ceeb ntawm oxidizing ntsev. Hauv cov xwm txheej zoo li no, ntau dua -kev ua tau zoo alloys xws li Hastelloy® C-276 lossis titanium yuav tsum tau. Yog li ntawd, kev vam meej ntawm cov kav dej Nickel 201 nyob ntawm qhov tseeb ib puag ncig tus yam ntxwv-nws ua tau zoo hauv kev txo qis, alkaline, thiab halogenated ib puag ncig tab sis ua tsis tiav hauv oxidizing acids.

3. Q: Dab tsi yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm fabrication thiab vuam kev txiav txim siab uas yuav tsum tau hais los tswj kev ncaj ncees ntawm Nickel 201 (UNS N02201) cov kav dej?

A:Fabrication thiab vuam ntawm Nickel 201 yeeb nkab yuav tsum muaj ib qho kev sib txawv los ntawm qhov uas siv rau cov hlau los yog austenitic stainless hlau. Cov alloy lub cev muaj zog tshwj xeeb- suav nrog kev nthuav dav thermal, tsis tshua muaj thermal conductivity txheeb ze rau tooj liab alloys, thiab cov lus pom zoo rau qee yam kab mob hauv lub cev-xav kom nruj cov txheej txheem tswj. Peb qhov tseem ceeb xav tau kev saib xyuas:Kev huv huv, muab tub lim xaiv hlau, thiab kev tswj xyuas cov cua sov.

Kev huv huvyog ib qho tseem ceeb tshaj plaws. Cov yeeb nkab saum npoo, tshwj xeeb yog thaj tsam weld, yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo degreased thiab ntxuav ntawm cov sulfur, lead, zinc, los yog tsawg- melting- taw tes hlau. Cov kab mob xws li cov roj hauv khw, roj, lossis txawm tias cov ntawv cim cim tuaj yeem ua rau cov kua hlau embrittlement (LME) lossis kub tawg thaum lub sijhawm vuam. Cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb-zoo dua yog ua los ntawm stainless hlau lossis npib tsib xee alloys- yuav tsum tau siv los tiv thaiv cov hlau hla- paug, uas tuaj yeem tsim cov galvanic corrosion cell hauv kev pabcuam.

Filler hlau xaivyuav tsum phim qhov tsawg-carbon xwm ntawm cov khoom hauv paus. Cov muab tub lim pom zoo yog UNS N02201, uas tuav tib lub zog rau graphitization thiab intergranular corrosion raws li niam txiv cov yeeb nkab. Gas Tungsten Arc Vuam (GTAW/TIG) yog cov txheej txheem nyiam vim nws qhov tseeb thiab muaj peev xwm los tswj cov huab cua tiv thaiv. Vim yog Nickel 201 tus fluidity tsawg heev thaum molten, weld pas dej ua ke yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo tswj kom ua tiav fusion yam tsis muaj undercut.

Kev tswj cua sov inputNws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev vim hais tias Nickel 201 muaj ib tug siab coefficient ntawm thermal expansion (zoo ib yam li carbon steel) ua ke nrog kuj tsis tshua muaj thermal conductivity. Kev siv hluav taws xob ntau dhau tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam, qhov seem ntawm kev ntxhov siab tsub zuj zuj, thiab kev loj hlob ntawm cov qoob loo uas tsis xav tau hauv tshav kub- cuam tshuam thaj chaw (HAZ). Kev sib tshuam kub yuav tsum tau tswj nruj me ntsis, feem ntau qis dua 150℃(300℃F), tiv thaiv overheating. Ib qho txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb ntawm Nickel 201 yog tias nws tsis tas yuav tom qab -weld heat treatment (PWHT) rau corrosion kuj. Qhov tseeb, PWHT feem ntau poob siab tshwj tsis yog tias cov yeeb nkab tau dhau los ua haujlwm txias heev thiab yuav tsum tau ua kom rov ua kom cov ductility. Yog tias tsim nyog annealing, nws yog ua los ntawm 705℃thiab 925℃(1300℃F - 1700℃F) ua raws li qhov txias txias.

4. Q: Cov qauv kev tsim khoom thiab cov khoom siv tshuab dab tsi tswj hwm cov ntsiab lus ntawm Nickel 201 (UNS N02201) seamless yeeb nkab rau siab- muaj cov ntawv thov?

A:Cov kev qhia tshwj xeeb thiab kev tsim khoom ntawm UNS N02201 Nickel 201 seamless yeeb nkab rau siab-cov ntawv thov raug tswj hwm los ntawm cov qauv ASTM thiab ASME nruj uas ua kom muaj kev sib luag, kev nyab xeeb, thiab kev ua haujlwm. Thawj tus qauv yogASTM B161 / ASME SB161, uas npog seamless nickel yeeb nkab nyob rau hauv ob qho tib si Nickel 200 thiab Nickel 201 compositions. Cov txheej txheem no hais txog cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg txwv, cov cuab yeej cuab tam yuav tsum tau muaj, qhov ntev ntev, thiab cov txheej txheem kuaj.

Rautshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg, ASTM B161 mandates tias Nickel 201 muaj cov ntsiab lus siab tshaj plaws ntawm 0.02%, nrog rau cov ntsiab lus nickel ntxiv rau cobalt ntawm 99.0% yam tsawg kawg nkaus. Lwm cov ntsiab lus, suav nrog hlau, manganese, silicon, thiab sulfur, yog nruj me ntsis txwv tsis pub kom purity thiab corrosion kuj.

Mechanical Property Requirementsrau Nickel 201 yeeb nkab nyob rau hauv cov mob annealed, raws li tau teev tseg los ntawm ASTM B161, suav nrog:

Tensile zog:Yam tsawg kawg nkaus 55 ksi (380 MPa)

Yield zog (0.2% offset):Yam tsawg kawg nkaus 15 ksi (105 MPa)

Elongation:Yam tsawg kawg nkaus 35% (hauv 2 nti lossis 50 mm)

Cov txiaj ntsig no muaj kev cuam tshuam cov alloy cov yam ntxwv siab ductility, uas yooj yim rau kev khoov txias, flanging, thiab lwm yam kev ua haujlwm. Txawm li cas los xij, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias Nickel 201 tsis teb rau kev kho cua sov kom ntxiv dag zog; nws yog siv nkaus xwb nyob rau hauv lub annealed mob.

Rausiab- muaj cov ntawv thov, ua raws li ASME Boiler thiab Pressure Vessel Code feem ntau yuav tsum tau ua. ASME SB161 lees paub Nickel 201, thiab cov txiaj ntsig kev ntxhov siab tso cai tau luam tawm hauv ASME Tshooj II, Ntu D. Cov txiaj ntsig no suav nrog cov khoom siv txo qis ntawm qhov kub siab, ua rau cov kws ua haujlwm ua cov txheej txheem phab ntsa tuab rau cov kav dej ua haujlwm hauv siab thiab kub. Ntxiv thiab,Kev ntsuam xyuas tsis muaj kev puas tsuaj (NDE)cov kev cai, suav nrog kev kuaj hydrostatic thiab kev xaiv hluav taws xob lossis kev kuaj xyuas ultrasonic, tau teev tseg kom ntseeg tau tias tsis muaj qhov tsis xws luag hauv cov yeeb nkab phab ntsa seamless. Thaum muab cov kev pabcuam tseem ceeb, cov neeg yuav khoom yuav tsum tau hais kom ua raws li ASTM B161 thiab lwm yam ASME Code ntxiv kom ntseeg tau tias kev ua raws cai tag nrho.

5. Q: Tshaj li kev ua tshuaj lom neeg, dab tsi tshwj xeeb kev lag luam cia siab rau Nickel 201 (UNS N02201) cov yeeb nkab rau nws lub cev tshwj xeeb, xws li sib nqus permeability thiab thermal conductivity?

A:Thaum Nickel 201 tau lees paub dav dav rau nws qhov kev tiv thaiv corrosion hauv kev ua tshuaj lom neeg, nws lub cev muaj zog tshwj xeeb -tshwj xeeb yog nwstsawg magnetic permeabilitythiabsiab thermal conductivity-Ua kom nws tseem tsis tau muaj nyob rau hauv ntau qhov kev tshaj lij, siab - thev naus laus zis kev lag luam uas cov yam ntxwv no tseem ceeb npaum li kev tiv thaiv corrosion.

Ib daim ntawv thov uas xav tau tshaj plaws yog nyob rau hauvsemiconductor thiab electronics manufacturing kev lag luam. Hauv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob semiconductor fabrication (fabs), ultra-high-purity (UHP) gas xa systems xav tau cov khoom siv yeeb nkab uas tsis yog corrosion xwb-resistant tab sis kuj tsis yog-magnetic. UNS N02201 nthuav tawm tshwj xeeb tsis tshua muaj hlau nplaum permeability, feem ntau qis dua 1.005 nyob rau hauv cov mob annealed. Txawm tias me ntsis hlau nplaum hauv cov kav dej tuaj yeem cuam tshuam cov txheej txheem plasma etching, electron beam lithography, thiab wafer tuav cov cuab yeej, uas yuav ua rau muaj qhov tsis xws luag hauv microchips. Yog li ntawd, cov kav dej nickel 201 seamless yog siv los thauj cov pa siab tshaj - purity gases xws li silane, hydrogen, thiab nitrogen nyob rau hauv qhov chaw huv si uas yuav tsum muaj kev cuam tshuam sib nqus.