Cov lus qhia ntxaws tshaj plaws rau ntau yam ntawm Hastelloy alloys
Hastelloy alloy
I. Kev Taw Qhia
Hastelloy yog ib hom nickel-based alloy. Nws yog tam sim no muab faib ua peb series: B, C, thiab G. Nws yog tsuas yog siv rau corrosion muaj zog uas tsis tuaj yeem siv hlau-raws li Cr-Ni los yog Cr-Ni-Mo stainless hlau, cov khoom tsis yog xim hlau, thiab lwm yam. tau siv dav hauv roj av, tshuaj lom neeg kev lag luam, kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig thiab ntau lwm qhov chaw txawv teb chaws. Nws cov qib thiab cov xwm txheej siv tau raug pom nyob rau hauv cov lus hauv qab no.
Hastelloy qib
Txhawm rau txhim kho corrosion kuj thiab txias thiab kub ua haujlwm ntawm Hastelloy, Hastelloy tau ua peb qhov kev txhim kho loj. Txoj kev txhim kho yog raws li nram no: Reference:
B series: B → B-2(00Ni70Mo28) → B-3
C series: C → C-276(00Cr16Mo16W4) → C-4(00Cr16Mo16) → C-22 (00Cr22Mo13W3) → C-2000(00Cr20Mo16)
G series: G → G-3 (00Cr22Ni48Mo7Cu) → G-30 (00Cr30Ni48Mo7Cu)
Cov ntaub ntawv siv dav tshaj plaws tam sim no yog N10665 (B-2), N10276 (C-276), N06022 (C-22), N06455 (C-4) thiab N06985 ( G-3). Cov khoom siv tiam thib peb N10675 (B-3), N10629 (B-4), thiab N06059 (C-59) yog nyob rau theem nce qib. Vim tias kev nce qib ntawm kev siv tshuab metallurgical, ntau lub npe hu ua "super stainless hlau" uas muaj ~ 6% Mo tau tshwm sim nyob rau xyoo tas los no, hloov G series alloys, ua rau poob sai hauv kev tsim khoom thiab siv G series alloys.
2. Cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm Hastelloy alloy
tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov khoom
Ni Cr Mo Fe C Si Co Mn PSWV Cu Nb+T
N10665 (B-2) Base Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug rau 1.0 26.0~30 Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug rau 2.{{ 10}} Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug rau 0.02 Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug rau 0.10 Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug rau 1.0 Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug rau 1.0 Less 0.04 Less dua los yog sib npaug 0.03
N10276 (C-276) Base 14.5~16.5 15.0~ 17.0 4.0~7.{{ 12}} Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug rau 0.01 Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug rau {{20}}}08 Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug rau 2.5 Tsawg dua los yog sib npaug rau 1.0 Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug rau 0.04 Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug rau 0.03 3.0 ~ 4.5 Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug rau 0.035
N06007 (G-3) Base 21.0~23.5 6.0~ 8 . 0 Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug rau 1.0 Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug rau 0.04 Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug rau 0.03 Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug rau 1.5 1.5 ~ 2.5 Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug 0.50
3. Mechanical properties reference:
Cov khoom siv kho tshuab ntawm Hastelloy yog qhov zoo heev. Nws muaj cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub zog siab thiab siab toughness, yog li nws nyuaj rau tshuab. Ntxiv mus, nws cov strain hardening nyiam yog heev muaj zog. Thaum lub deformation tus nqi nce mus txog 15%, nws yog hais txog 18-8 ob zaug ntawm stainless hlau. Hastelloy kuj muaj qhov nruab nrab qhov kub thiab txias rhiab heev, thiab nws qhov kev xav tau nce ntxiv nrog qhov nce ntawm deformation tus nqi. Thaum qhov kub thiab txias, Hastelloy yooj yim nqus cov ntsiab lus teeb meem, ua rau nws cov khoom siv dag zog thiab corrosion kuj txo.
4. Feem ntau siv Hastelloy alloys
1: Hastelloy B-2 alloy (Hastelloy B-2 alloy)
1. Corrosion kuj
Hastelloy B-2 alloy yog Ni-Mo alloy uas tsis tshua muaj carbon thiab silicon cov ntsiab lus. Nws txo cov nag lossis daus ntawm carbides thiab lwm theem hauv thaj chaw vuam thiab tshav kub, yog li ua kom ntseeg tau tias txawm tias nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem vuam kuj muaj qhov zoo corrosion kuj.
Raws li peb txhua tus paub, Hastelloy B-2 alloy muaj corrosion kuj zoo heev nyob rau hauv ntau yam txo cov xov xwm thiab tuaj yeem tiv taus corrosion ntawm txhua qhov kub thiab txias ntawm hydrochloric acid nyob rau hauv ib txwm muaj siab. Nws muaj corrosion kuj zoo heev nyob rau hauv non-aerated nruab nrab-concentration non-oxidizing sulfuric acid, ntau yam phosphoric acid, high-temperature acetic acid, formic acid thiab lwm yam organic acids, bromic acid thiab hydrogen chloride gases. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nws tseem tiv taus corrosion los ntawm halogen catalysts. Yog li ntawd, Hastelloy B-2 alloy feem ntau yog siv rau ntau yam roj av hnyav thiab cov txheej txheem tshuaj, xws li distillation thiab concentration ntawm hydrochloric acid; alkylation ntawm ethylbenzene thiab qis-siab oxo synthesis ntawm acetic acid thiab lwm yam txheej txheem ntau lawm.
Txawm li cas los xij, nyob rau hauv daim ntawv thov kev lag luam ntawm Hastelloy B-2 alloy tau ntau xyoo, nws tau pom tias: (1) Hastelloy B-2 alloy muaj ob qhov chaw rhiab heev uas muaj kev cuam tshuam loj heev rau kev tiv thaiv intergranular. corrosion: thaj tsam kub ntawm 1200 ~ 1300 degree thiab 550 degree rhiab heev cheeb tsam. ~ 900 degree nruab nrab kub cheeb tsam; (2) Vim yog kev sib cais ntawm dendrite nyob rau hauv cov hlau weld thiab tshav kub-cuam tshuam cheeb tsam ntawm Hastelloy B-2 alloy, intermetallic theem thiab carbides precipitate raws li ib thaj tsam ntawm grain, ua rau lawv rhiab heev rau intergranular corrosion; (3) Hastelloy B{11}} alloy muaj qhov tsis zoo nruab nrab-kub thermal stability. Thaum cov ntsiab lus hlau nyob rau hauv Hastelloy B-2 alloy poob qis dua 2%, lub alloy yog rhiab heev rau kev hloov pauv ntawm beta theem (piv txwv li, Ni4Mo theem, kev txiav txim intermetallic compound). Thaum cov hlau nyob hauv qhov kub ntawm 650 ~ 750 degree rau ib lub sij hawm ntev me ntsis, cov theem yog generated instantly. Qhov muaj nyob ntawm theem txo cov tawv tawv ntawm Hastelloy B{18}} alloy, ua rau nws rhiab heev rau kev ntxhov siab corrosion, thiab txawm ua rau Hastelloy B{19}} alloy yuav puas thaum lub sij hawm raw khoom (xws li kub dov txheej txheem) thiab Cov txheej txheem tsim khoom siv (xws li Hastelloy B-2 cov khoom siv alloy tom qab vuam zuag qhia tag nrho kev kho cua sov) thiab Hastelloy B-2 cov khoom siv hlau tawg tawg hauv qhov chaw pabcuam. Niaj hnub no, tus qauv xeem txoj kev tsim los ntawm kuv lub teb chaws thiab lwm lub teb chaws thoob ntiaj teb rau cov intergranular corrosion kuj ntawm Hastelloy B-2 alloy yog lub siab kub boiling hydrochloric acid txoj kev, thiab txoj kev ntsuam xyuas yog txoj kev poob phaus. Txij li Hastelloy B-2 alloy yog ib qho alloy resistant rau hydrochloric acid corrosion, ib txwm siab boiling hydrochloric acid txoj kev yog heev insensitive mus ntsuam xyuas lub intergranular corrosion nyiam ntawm Hastelloy B-2 alloy. Cov tsev kawm tshawb fawb hauv tsev siv cov txheej txheem kub hydrochloric acid los kawm Hastelloy B-2 alloy thiab pom tias qhov corrosion kuj ntawm Hastelloy B{28}} alloy tsis tsuas yog nyob ntawm nws cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg, tab sis kuj nyob ntawm nws cov thermal. kev tswj cov txheej txheem. Thaum cov txheej txheem thermal ua tsis raug, cov nplej ntawm Hastelloy B-2 alloy tsis tsuas yog loj hlob, tab sis kuj yog theem siab Mo σ precipitates ntawm cov nplej. Nyob rau lub sijhawm no, kev tiv thaiv rau intergranular corrosion ntawm Hastelloy B-2 alloy txo qis heev. , nyob rau hauv high-temperature hydrochloric acid test, lub grain ciam etching qhov tob ntawm cov coarse-grained phaj thiab cov phaj ib txwm txawv li ntawm ob zaug.
2. Kev siv lub cev ua haujlwm
Lub cev muaj zog ntawm Hastelloy B-2 alloy yog qhia nyob rau hauv cov lus hauv qab no.
Qhov ceev: 9.2g / cm3, melting point: 1330 ~ 1380 degree, magnetic permeability: (degree, RT) Tsawg dua los yog sib npaug rau 1.001
Lub cev muaj zog
Kub (degree) Cov cua kub tshwj xeeb (J / kg-k) Thermal conductivity coefficient (W / mk) Resistivity (μΩcm) Elastic modulus (Gpa) Thermal expansion coefficient ntawm chav tsev kub txog T (10-6/K)
0 373 137 218
20 377 11.1 137 217
100 389 12.2 138 213 10.3
200 406 13.4 138 208 10.8
300 423 14.6 139 203 11.1
400 431 16.0 139 197 11.4
500 444 17.3 141 191 11.6
600 456 18.7 146 184 11.8
700 176
3. Tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg
tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg
Element Ni Cr Fe C Mn Si Cu Mo Co PS
Yam tsawg kawg nkaus {{0}} 4 1 6 26.0
Ntau tshaj 1. 0 2. {2}}. 01 1. .02 0.010
4. Mechanical zog
Cov khoom siv dav dav ntawm Hastelloy B-2 alloy yog qhia hauv ob lub rooj nram qab no
Yam tsawg kawg nkaus cov cuab yeej cuab tam ntawm chav tsev kub (xws li DIN / ASTM cov qauv)
Yam khoom Dimensions (mm) {{{0}}}.2% Yield zog (Mpa) 1.0% Yield zog (Mpa) Tensile zog (Mpa) Elongation A5% Brinell hardness HB Grain loj (μm)
Txias dov strip Tsawg dua los yog sib npaug rau 5 340 380 755 40 250 127
Kub dov phaj 5 ~ 65 214
Qws 325 370 745 - -
Tube 340 360 755 - -
ASTM Standard 350 - 760 241 Ib yam li saum toj no
Yam tsawg kawg nkaus txhua yam khoom muaj nqis ntawm qhov kub thiab txias
Khoom daim ntawv {{0}}.2% tawm lub zog (Mpa) degree 1.0% tawm lub zog (Mpa) degree
100 200 300 400 100 200 300 400
Board 315 285 270 255 355 325 310 295
Tube
Qws 300 275 255 240 340 315 300 285
5. Kev tsim khoom thiab kev kho cua sov
1: Cua sov
Rau Hastelloy B{{0}} alloy, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev uas qhov chaw yuav tsum huv thiab tsis muaj kab mob ua ntej thiab thaum lub sij hawm cua sov. Hastelloy B-2 alloy yuav nkig yog rhuab nyob rau hauv ib puag ncig uas muaj leej faj, phosphorus, txhuas los yog lwm yam tsawg melting point hlau paug. Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm cov kab mob no muaj xws li cov cim cim, qhov kub thiab txias qhia cov xim, roj thiab kua, pa taws. Cov pa roj no yuav tsum muaj cov sulfur tsawg; Piv txwv li: cov sulfur cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov roj av thiab cov roj liquefied roj av tsis pub tshaj 0.1%, cov ntsiab lus sulfur hauv nroog huab cua tsis tshaj 0.25g / m3, thiab cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov roj sulfur roj tsis tshaj 0.5% yog tsim nyog.
Cov roj ib puag ncig ntawm lub qhov cub cua sov yuav tsum yog qhov nruab nrab ib puag ncig lossis ib puag ncig txo qis, thiab nws tsis tuaj yeem hloov pauv ntawm oxidizing thiab txo. Cov nplaim taws hauv qhov cub tsis tuaj yeem cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau Hastelloy B-2 alloy. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov khoom siv yuav tsum tau rhuab mus rau qhov ntsuas kub uas yuav tsum tau ua ntawm qhov cua kub ceev tshaj plaws, uas txhais tau hais tias qhov kub ntawm lub qhov cub cua sov yuav tsum tau nce mus rau qhov kub thiab txias, thiab tom qab ntawd cov khoom yuav tsum tau muab tso rau hauv qhov cub kom sov. .
2: Thermal processing
Hastelloy B-2 alloy tuaj yeem ua haujlwm kub ntawm 900 ~ 1160 degree, thiab yuav tsum tau quenched nrog dej tom qab ua tiav. Txhawm rau kom ntseeg tau qhov zoo tshaj plaws corrosion kuj, annealing yuav tsum tau ua tom qab ua haujlwm kub.
3: Kev ua haujlwm txias
Cold-worked Hastelloy B-2 alloy yuav tsum tau txais kev kho mob. Txij li thaum nws muaj kev ua haujlwm siab dua ntau dua li austenitic stainless hlau, cov cuab yeej tsim yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo xav. Yog tias qhov txheej txheem txias txias tau ua tiav, interstage annealing yog tsim nyog.
Thaum qhov kev ua haujlwm txias deformation ntau dua 15%, kev kho tshuaj yuav tsum tau ua ua ntej siv.
4: Kev kho cua sov
Cov kev kho cua sov yuav tsum tau tswj ntawm 1060 thiab 1080 degree, ua raws li cov dej txias quenching los yog ceev cua txias thaum cov khoom thickness siab tshaj 1.5 hli kom tau qhov zoo tshaj plaws corrosion kuj. Thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm cua sov, yuav tsum tau ceev faj kom huv si saum npoo ntawm cov khoom. Cov teeb meem hauv qab no yuav tsum tau them sai sai rau thaum kho cua sov ntawm Hastelloy cov ntaub ntawv lossis cov khoom siv: Txhawm rau tiv thaiv kev kho cua sov deformation ntawm cov khoom siv, cov hlau tsis muaj steel hlau yuav tsum tau siv; lub cub tawg loading kub, cua sov thiab txias lub sij hawm yuav tsum tau nruj me ntsis tswj; ua ntej thauj khoom rau lub qhov cub, qhov chaw kho cua sov ua ntej kev kho mob yog nqa tawm los tiv thaiv qhov tshwm sim ntawm thermal tawg; Tom qab kev kho cua sov, qhov chaw kho cua sov yog 100% PT; Yog hais tias thermal tawg tshwm sim thaum lub sij hawm kho cua sov txheej txheem thiab yuav tsum tau kho tom qab polished thiab tshem tawm, yuav tsum tau siv tshwj xeeb kho vuam txheej txheem.
5: Descaling
Cov oxides nyob rau saum npoo ntawm Hastelloy B-2 alloy thiab cov stains nyob ze ntawm cov welds yuav tsum tau polished tam sim ntawd nrog zoo sib tsoo log.
Txij li Hastelloy B-2 alloy yog qhov rhiab heev rau oxidizing media, ntau nitrogen-muaj roj yuav raug tsim thaum lub sij hawm pickling.
6: Machining
Hastelloy B-2 alloy yuav tsum tau machined nyob rau hauv lub xeev annealed, thiab kev nkag siab meej ntawm nws cov hauj lwm hardening yuav tsum tau saws. Piv txwv li, piv nrog cov qauv austenitic stainless hlau, yuav tsum tau siv cov txheej txheem qeeb qeeb, thiab cov txheej txheem tawv tawv yuav tsum tau siv. Cov nyiaj pub ntau dua thiab ua kom lub cuab yeej ua haujlwm tsis tu ncua.
Lub vuam hlau thiab tshav kub cuam tshuam ntawm Hastelloy B-2 alloy yog Mo-poor vim qhov yooj yim los nag ntawm theem, uas yog feem ntau cuam tshuam rau intergranular corrosion. Yog li ntawd, cov txheej txheem vuam ntawm Hastelloy B-2 alloy yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo tsim thiab tswj nruj me ntsis. Cov txheej txheem vuam dav dav yog raws li hauv qab no: cov khoom siv vuam yog ERNiMo-7; txoj kev vuam yog GTAW; lub interlayer kub yog tswj kom tsis txhob ntau tshaj 120 degree; welding hlau txoj kab uas hla yog φ2.4, φ3.2; welding tam sim no yog 90 ~ 150A. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, ua ntej welding, vuam hlau, qhov zawj ntawm qhov chaw welded thiab qhov chaw nyob ib sab yuav tsum decontaminated thiab degreased.
Lub thermal conductivity ntawm Hastelloy B-2 alloy yog tsawg dua li cov hlau. Yog tias ib qho V-shaped zawj raug xaiv, qhov zawj lub kaum sab xis yuav tsum yog li 70 degree, thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob qis yuav tsum tau siv.
Kev kho cua sov tom qab vuam tuaj yeem tshem tawm qhov kev ntxhov siab seem thiab txhim kho kev ntxhov siab corrosion cracking tsis kam.
2: Hastelloy C-276
1. Corrosion kuj
Hastelloy C-276 hlau yog nickel-molybdenum-chromium-hlau-tungsten nickel-based alloy. Nws yog ib qho ntawm feem ntau corrosion-resistant niaj hnub hlau cov ntaub ntawv. Feem ntau resistant rau cov chlorine ntub dej, ntau yam oxidizing chlorides, chloride ntsev daws, sulfuric acid thiab oxidizing ntsev, thiab muaj corrosion kuj zoo nyob rau hauv qis thiab nruab nrab kub hydrochloric acid. Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv peb caug xyoo dhau los, nws tau dav siv nyob rau hauv hnyav corrosive ib puag ncig, xws li tshuaj lom neeg kev lag luam, petrochemical kev lag luam, flue gas desulfurization, pulp thiab ntawv ua, kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig thiab lwm yam kev lag luam teb.
Cov ntaub ntawv corrosion ntau yam ntawm Hastelloy C-27 npib tsib xee-raws li alloy yog qhov raug, tab sis lawv tsis tuaj yeem siv raws li cov lus qhia tshwj xeeb, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv ib puag ncig tsis paub, thiab cov ntaub ntawv yuav tsum raug xaiv tom qab kuaj. Tsis muaj Cr txaus hauv Hastelloy C-27 npib tsib xee-raws li alloy los tiv thaiv corrosion nyob rau hauv muaj zog oxidizing ib puag ncig, xws li kub concentrated nitric acid. Kev tsim cov hlau no feem ntau yog rau cov txheej txheem tshuaj lom neeg ib puag ncig, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv muaj cov kua qaub sib xyaw, xws li cov yeeb nkab tawm ntawm flue gas desulfurization systems. Cov lus hauv qab no qhia txog kev sib piv corrosion ntawm plaub alloys hauv ib puag ncig sib txawv.
kuaj qhov xwm txheej. (Txhua tus qauv vuam txais yuav autogenous tungsten arc vuam)
Comparative corrosion test ntawm plaub hlau nyob rau hauv ib puag ncig sib txawv
Test ib puag ncig (boiling) Corrosion rate (mm/)
Hom 316 AL-6XN Inconel625 C-276
Basic metal specimen Weld specimen Basic hlau specimen Vuam specimen Basic hlau specimen Basic metal specimen Vuam specimen
20% acetic acid 0.
45% formic acid 0.
10% oxalic acid 1. 02 0 991 0.
20% phosphoric acid 0.
10% sulfamic acid 1. 62 1 58 0 751 0.
10% sulfuric acid 9.
10% sodium bicarbonate 1. 06 1 06 0 609 0.
