1. Dab tsi yog qhov tseem ceeb uas thiab kev thov sib txawv ntawm incoloy 825, inconel 601, thiab cov lag luam nickel 200 cov tubes teev hauv Astm B163?
ASTM B163 yog tus qauv cov ntsiab lus rauSeamless npib thiab npib tsib xee -} alloy {{1} {} {1} Cov tub ua paCov. Thaum nws tswj txoj kev ruaj khov thiab ua tau zoo rau lub raj nws tus kheej, kev xaiv ntawm Alloy yog cov neeg pabcuam. Peb lub alloys ua cov laj thawj sib txawv.
1. Incoloy 825 (tsis yog N08825):
Composition: a nickel -}}} chromium alloy nrog ntxiv ntawm Molybdenum thiab tooj liab, thiab ruaj khov nrog titanium.
Ni (~ 40%), Fe (~ 30%), CR (~ 21%), MO (~ 2%), ti (~ 0.9%)
Daim Ntawv Thov Kev Ua Yeeb Yam: Complex Acidic ib puag ncig. Nws yog tsim los tiv thaiv kev puas tsuaj rau kev txo thiab oxidizing acids, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov sulfuric thiab phosphoric acid. Lub molybdenum muab rau chloride {{} ion pitting, thiab charomium carboidation (chromium carbide nag lossis daus. Nws thawj qhov kev siv yog hauv kev ua yeeb yam, pickling tso tsheb hlau luam, thiab cov khoom siv paug.
2. Inconel 601 (tsis yog N06601):
Composition: ib npib tsib xee - chromium -}} Iron alloy nrog lub siab aluminium cov ntsiab lus.
Ni (~ 60%), CR (~ 23%), FE (~ 14%), AL (~ 1.4%)
Daim ntawv thov tsom: Siab {- kub oxidation tsis kam. Lub siab chromium cov ntsiab lus muab kev tsis kam rau oxidizing nplai (al₂o₃) ntawm qhov kub thiab txias txog 1250℃(2280℃(2280 degree. Nws khaws lub zog siab thiab tiv taus carburizing thiab nitriver ib puag ncig. Nws thawj qhov kev siv yog nyob rau hauv radiant tub, thermal ua khoom siv, thiab kho cua sov syntures.
3. Nickel 200/201 (UN tsis muaj N02200 / N02201):
Kev sib xyaw: kev lag luam ntshiab (~ 99.6%) Siv Nickel.
Daim ntawv thov tsom: caustic thiab siab - kub tsis pub / halogen ib puag ncig. Nws muaj qhov tsis kam ua rau caustic alkalis (piv txwv li, sodium hydroxide) thoob plaws txhua qhov siab thiab kub, txawm tias molten. Nws tseem siv rau kev tuav cov chlorine qhuav thiab hydrogen. Cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb yog cov ntsiab lus carbon: Nickel 201 (cov pa roj hmab tshiab) yog siv rau cov ntawv thov saum 315℃(600℃f) los tiv thaiv graphitization thiab embrittlement.
Cov ntsiab lus: Xaiv Progoy 825 rau cov kua qaub thiab cov kab mob tshuaj lom neeg ua haujlwm, thiab Nickel 200/201 rau caustic thiab cov leeg halogen pab cov leeg.
2. Rau ib lub hiav txwv - cua txias cua sov ultrasonic txias, vim li cas thiaj li xaiv tau ntau tshaj 316 / 317l stainless hlau?
Incoloy 825 yog nyiam rau kev pabcuam dej hiav txwv, tshwj xeeb thaum cov dej yog chlorinated, brackish, lossis qeeb} txav mus rau hauv corrosion.
Qhov tsis ua hauj lwm hom ntawm stainless hlau (316 / 317L):
Stainless tus hlau tso siab rau ib tug passive chromium oxide zaj duab xis. Nyob rau hauv seaterwater, uas nplua nuj nyob hauv chloride ions, zaj duab xis no tuaj yeem tsoo hauv zos, ua rau:
Pitting corrosion: qhov tsim ntawm me me, sib sib zog nqus pits.
Crevice corrosion: kev tawm tsam hnyav nyob rau hauv kev tso nyiaj lossis ntawm raj {{0} {1} {tub khawv koob sib koom ua ke.
Stress Corrosion Cracking (SCC): Catastrophic cracking under the combination of tensile stress (from rolling or welding) and chlorides, especially in warm water (>~ 60℃/ 140 Degree F).
Yuav ua li cas Proscoy 825 hais txog cov teeb meem no:
Cov ntsiab lus Nickel thiab Molybdenum cov ntsiab lus ntau dua: Cov ntsiab lus npib tsib rov qab (40%}} Lub molybdenum (3% vs . 2-3% hauv 316) hloov kho tsis kam mus rau pitting thiab crevice corrosion.
Tooj liab ntxiv: qhov tshwj xeeb ~ 2% cov ntsiab lus nyob rau hauv 825 txhim kho nws cov kua qaub thiab, tseem ceeb, tuaj yeem ua rau cov neeg tsis huv.
Titanium stabilization: lub alloy yog stabilized nrog titanium preferently, tiv thaiv chromium carbide nag lossis daus nyob rau hauv tshav kub}} be} cuam tshuam cheeb tsam thaum muaj kev cuam tshuam. Qhov no tswj hwm corrosion tsis hla tag nrho raj ntev thiab ntawm Welds.
Xaus: Thaum super ruplex lossis 6mo stainless hlau kuj tseem siv rau cov qauv dej hiav txwv uas tsis muaj xwm txheej zoo heev
3. Dab tsi yog qhov tseem ceeb fabrication thiab vuam kev txiav txim siab rau Astm B163 cov hlab ua los ntawm inconel 601?
Fabricating thiab vuam inconel 601 cov hlab tseev kom muaj cov tswv yim tshwj xeeb los khaws cia nws high- kub lub zog thiab oxidation tsis kam.
Cov Kev Saib Xyuas Tseem Ceeb:
Kev nyiam huv yog qhov chaw: Txhua qhov chaw yuav tsum muaj kev muaj roj, roj, pleev xim rau, thiab lwm yam paug. Qhov pom ntawm cov leej faj, txhuas, lossis lwm yam qis {1} Melting {{2} {} {Cov ntsiab lus tsis kub ntawm kev kub siab.
Vuam txheej txheem thiab muab tub lim hlau:
Txheej Txheem: Roj Tungsten Arc Vuam (GTaw / TIG) yog qhov nyiam txheej txheem rau cov hauv paus thiab cov kauj ruam ntawm cov leeg los vim nws cov txiaj ntsig zoo thiab huv.
Tus muab tub lim hlau: Qhov kev xaiv txheem yog ernicr - 3 (tseem hu ua inconel 82 cov xaim xaim). Qhov kev sib txuam sib piv ua kom ntseeg tau ntawm Weld tso nyiaj muaj zog zoo ib yam li lub zog kub-zog thiab oxidation tsis kam raws li 601 puag hlau.
Kev Tswj Cov Lus Qhia Thaum Tshav Kub Kub:
Siv cov khoom siv tshav kub qis. Cov cua sov ntau dhau yuav ua rau:
Kev loj hlob: coarsening ntawm micrastructure, uas tuaj yeem txo kev sib luag thiab tawv.
Segregation: Ntawm alloying ntsiab, ua rau tsis - cov khoom hnav tsoos tsho niaj hnub no.
Kev Ntsuas Kub: yuav tsum tau tswj hwm rau qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm 150 qib (300℃f).
Zam kev tsis huv:
Rov qab ntxuav tawm: Sab hauv ntawm lub raj (Root sab) yuav tsum tau ntxuav nrog cov roj ntsha (Argon) thaum lub zog vuam / "qab zib") ntawm lub hauv paus hlaws. Qhov no oxidized txheej yog nkig thiab muaj kev tsis zoo corrosion tsis kam.
Cov Cuab Yeej Disticated: Siv cov cuab yeej tshwj tseg rau Nickel alloys kom tsis txhob muaj hlau paug, uas tuaj yeem xeb thiab txiav tawm cov kev tiv thaiv oxide.
Tshaj tawm - Weld Kev Kho Mob Kub (PWHT)
4. Nyob rau hauv lub siab -} 1000 degrem / 1832 Qib F), vim li cas hourson)
Thaum ob qho tib si yog siab - kub alloys, inconel 601 raug xaiv rau nws cov neeg siv zog ua haujlwm thiab cov tshuab muaj zog.
Kev Tshaj Tawm:
Inconel 601 (tsis yog N06601):
Kev Txuas Lus Zoo: Nws cov ntsiab lus chromium siab (~ 23%) muab kev tiv thaiv zoo heev rau oxidizing thiab carburizing cua. Tus yuam sij tseem ceeb yog nws cov ntsiab lus txhuas (~ 1.4%). Thaum muaj kub kub, txhuas cov ntawv ib qho ruaj khov, txuas ntxiv, thiab qeeb {{{}}}) teev hauv qab cov chromium oxide txheej. Qhov no dual - txheej tawm yog tus tiv thaiv tshwj xeeb yog qhov tiv thaiv (flaking}}}. Cua txias.
Lub zog: nws khaws tau zoo cov neeg kho tshuab zog thiab tiv taus nkag mus rau qhov kub thiab txias txog 1175℃(2150℃f).
Incoloy 800h (tsis yog N08810):
Composition: ib npib tsib xee - hlau {}} chromium alloy nrog cov ntsiab lus npib tsib xee (~ 32%) thiab tsis muaj ib qho txhuas ntxiv. Nws yog ruaj khov nrog titanium thiab tau tswj cov pa roj carbon monoxide.
Lub zog zoo: 800H tus thawj kom tau zoo dua yog nws zoo heev {100-1500 deplly F) ntau yam, vim nws cov ntsiab lus carbon ntau thiab cov qoob loo loj.
Oxidation Txwv: Thaum nws muaj cov oxidation zoo tsis kam, nws feem ntau txwv los ua kev pabcuam txuas ntxiv mus txog 1100℃(2010℃(2010℃f). Nws cov pa oxide tsis muaj zog raws li 601 nyob rau hauv kev caij tsheb kauj vab hnyav thermal.
Xaiv kev xaiv:
Rau qhov cub hluav taws xob cua sov, cov khoom siv cua sov ua kom sov li 1000 degree. Nws cov txhuas - kev ntsuas oxide encide oxide ua kom muaj kev pabcuam ntev dua los ntawm kev tawm tsam kev ua haujlwm. Incoloy 800H yuav yog qhov kev xaiv uas xav tau rau lub nkoj siab lossis cov khoom lag luam Reformer ntau qhov chaw ntev lub zog yog lub zog tsim nyog yog cov qauv tsim qauv.
5. Thaum nrhiav tus nqi "zoo tshaj plaws" rau Astm B163 cov hlab nyob rau hauv cov alloys, dab tsi tseem ceeb tuaj yeem ua kom muaj nqi tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam zoo?
Tus "tus nqi zoo tshaj plaws" yuav tsum tau ntsuas nyob rau hauv cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov nqi ntawm cov tswv cuab, tsis yog thawj zaug yuav khoom. Ntau yam hnyav cuam tshuam tus nqi ntawm cov siab-}} kev ua yeeb yam hlab.
Tus nqi tseem ceeb:
Alloy cov ntsiab lus ("LME Factor"): Qhov no yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws. Tus nqi yog khi ncaj qha rau London hlau txauv (LME) nqi rau thawj cov hlau.
Nickel 200: High thiab Bratile Nickel Nqe.
Inconel 601: Heev npib tsib xee thiab chromium cov ntsiab lus.
Incoloy 825: qis dua npib tsib xee cov ntsiab lus tshaj 601, tab sis ntxiv nqi rau MO, CU, thiab ti.
Kev hloov pauv me me hauv LMe Npib Nqe tuaj yeem hloov tus nqi raj los ntawm ntau pua daus las ib tuj.
Txheej txheem tsim khoom:
Seamless vs. Welded: Seamless Tubes (raws li ib qho twg ASTTM B163) feem ntau kim dua welded leeg vim muaj ntau txoj kev extex / pilgering. Txawm li cas los xij, rau high - kev pabcuam siab lossis kev pabcuam corrosive, seamless yog feem ntau yuav tsum tau ua rau muaj kev ncaj ncees.
Qhov ntev ntev ua rau muaj kev zam txim rau: TT lub wt, thiab ovality yuav tsum tau tsim ntau dua kev tsim khoom thiab nce cov qauv, nce nqi.
Kev Kho Cua Sov thiab Kuaj:
Siv annealing ntawm cov alloys yog lub zog - kev ua tiav. Inconel 601 yuav tsum muaj qhov siab heev - kub anneal.
Yuav tsum ua tsis yog- Kev sim siab (piv txwv li, eddy kev sim siab (hydrostatic) ntxiv rau cov nqi ntau lawm.
Ensuring tus nqi tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam zoo:
Npaj rau cov astm txheem: insist ntawm tubing uas yog tag nrho ua raws li Astm B163. Qhov no ua kom pom cov hauv paus zoo rau cov chemistry, mechanics, thiab qhov loj me.
Xav tau daim ntawv tshaj tawm siv pov thawj zeb (MTTR): MTT yog koj cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj zoo. Nws yuav tsum tau nce rov qab mus rau tus lej cua sov thiab txheeb raws li cov qauv. Tus nqi qis dua tsis muaj Mtr yog tus chij liab loj.
Xav txog "kev lag luam zoo" vs. "nuclear / Aerospace Qib": Rau ntau cov ntawv thov b163 "lag luam zoo" yog qhov txaus. Tus nqi rau "SQ" (tshwj xeeb zoo) lossis qib nuclear (piv txwv li, sb-163) nrog cov kev ntsuam xyuas ntxiv yuav tsis tsim nyog.
Soj ntsuam cov neeg muag khoom ntawm kev txawj ntse technume: ib tus neeg xa khoom uas tuaj yeem sib tham txog koj daim ntawv thov thiab pom zoo kom raug ntau dua ib qho uas tsuas yog kev sib tw ntawm tus nqi. Lawv tuaj yeem pab koj kom tsis txhob muaj nuj nqis.
Tau txais ntau nqe lus: Muab cov lus los ntawm ntau cov npe nrov stockists lossis mills. Scrutinize lawv kom ntseeg tau tias lawv yog rau tib qho tshwj xeeb (ASTM B163, tsis yog tus lej, thiab lwm yam). Tus nqi uas yog qis dua txhua tus yuav tsum tau tshawb xyuas kom huv si, raws li nws yuav qhia tau tsis yog {4 4}} kev kho mob sov, lossis tsis muaj ntawv pov thawj.
