1: UNS N02200 (Nickel 200) yog dab tsi, thiab vim li cas nws thiaj li yog cov khoom siv rau cov khoom tseem ceeb hauv cov kab hlau pickling?
UNS N02200, kev lag luam hu ua Nickel 200, yog cov khoom lag luam ntshiab wrought npib tsib xee uas muaj tsawg kawg yog 99.0% npib tsib xee, nrog cov ntsiab lus carbon ntau txog 0.15%. Nyob rau hauv steel pickling kab, kub hydrochloric (HCl) los yog sulfuric acid yog siv los tshem tawm zeb nplai thiab hlau oxides los ntawm steel coils. Cheebtsam xws li lub tank hauv ob sab phlu, cua sov coils, txhawb racks, acid fume hoods, thiab conveyor rolls raug rau ib tug nruj heev ib puag ncig combining kub, concentrated acids, abrasive scale hais, thiab thermal cycling.
Nickel 200 yog cov khoom xaiv rau cov ntawv thov tseem ceeb no vim nws cov khoom sib xyaw tshwj xeeb:
Tsis sib haum Corrosion Resistance: Nws nthuav tawm qhov ua tau zoo heev rau hydrochloric acid ntawm txhua qhov ntau thiab qhov kub thiab txias, thiab rau sulfuric acid nyob rau hauv uas tsis yog -oxidizing (tsis yog - aerated)) tej yam kev mob -nrhiav ib puag ncig pom nyob rau hauv niaj hnub pickling tso tsheb hlau luam. Nws tus nqi corrosion yog qhov kev txiav txim siab qis dua stainless hlau hauv cov xov xwm no.
Mechanical Strength thiab Ductility: Nws muab cov qauv kev ncaj ncees zoo heev thiab tuaj yeem nkag mus rau hauv cov duab nyuaj, xws li serpentine cua sov coils lossis loj tank hauv ob sab phlu, thaum tiv thaiv kev puas tsuaj los ntawm cov hlau coils hnyav.
Tsis zoo rau Chloride Stress Corrosion Cracking (SCC): Tsis zoo li cov hlau tsis zoo (piv txwv li, 304, 316), uas muaj kev cuam tshuam rau cov tshuaj chloride-induced SCC nyob rau hauv sov, acidic chloride ib puag ncig, Nickel 200 lub ntsej muag-centered cubic qauv ua rau nws zoo li kev tiv thaiv kab mob.
Thermal conductivity: Nws zoo thermal conductivity yog qhov zoo rau chav lossis hluav taws xob cua sov coils siv los tswj qhov kub ntawm da dej.
Rau cov khoom siv ncaj qha raug rau cov kua qaub kub, Nickel 200 muaj qhov tsis muaj kev pabcuam lub neej thiab kev ntseeg siab, ua pov thawj nws cov nqi pib ntau dua los ntawm kev txo qis qis qis thiab cov nqi hloov pauv.
2: Hauv kev tsim kab pickling, cov ntawv thov tshwj xeeb rau Nickel 200 daim hlau yog dab tsi, thiab dab tsi ua rau lawv zoo dua rau clad lossis roj hmab -kab lwm txoj kab?
Nickel 200 feem ntau yog siv rau hauv cov khoom siv phaj rau qhov xav tau tshaj plaws, hnav- thaj chaw ntawm cov kab pickling. Cov ntawv thov tseem ceeb suav nrog:
Tank Liner (Pab ntsa thiab Pem Teb Phaj): Siv tuab (piv txwv li, 6-10 mm), cov khoom siv welded hauv cov pa roj carbon steel txhawb nqa tank. Qhov no muab lub monolithic, impermeable barrier tiv thaiv acid.
Hnav Cov Phaj thiab Baffles: Muab tso rau hauv qhov chaw uas muaj kev puas tsuaj loj, xws li qhov chaw steel coils nkag los yog tawm hauv chav da dej, lossis ua cov baffles rau cov kua qaub ncaj qha.
Fume Hood thiab Ductwork: Kub, acidic vapor saum lub tso tsheb hlau luam yog corrosive heev. Khoom Nickel 200 phaj yog siv los tsim hoods thiab tso pa tawm.
Kev them nyiaj yug Racks thiab "Ntiv tes" Sib dhos: Siv los tuav cov kauj lossis cov khoom hauv dej hauv cov kua qaub.
Sib piv rau lwm txoj kev:
Roj Hmab lossis Polymer Linings: Thaum tus nqi- ua tau zoo, lawv muaj kev cuam tshuam rau kev puas tsuaj rau cov khoom siv (tua, khawb) los ntawm kev poob lossis cov coils tsis raug. Kev kho yog nyuaj thiab yuav tsum tau ncua lub tank downtime. Lawv kuj muaj kev txwv kub.
Explosion-Clad Steel (xws li, Nickel/Steel): Muab ib txheej nyias ntawm nickel sib txuas rau cov pa roj carbon steel. Thaum pheej yig dua li cov phaj loj rau cov cheeb tsam loj, cov txheej nyias nyias (feem ntau 3-5 hli) tuaj yeem nkag mus los ntawm cov khoom siv hauv zos lossis corrosion pitting, nthuav tawm cov hlau hauv qab kom nres sai. Thaum ua txhaum cai, kho yog complex.
Khoom Nickel 200 Phaj: Muab qhov kawg tiv thaiv. Nws muab ib tug tuab, homogeneous, thiab kho barrier. Nws cov abrasion tsis kam yog superior rau hauv ob sab phlu thiab clad. Thaum tus nqi siab tshaj plaws ntawm cov khoom siv ua ntej, nws muab qhov ntev tshaj plaws, teeb meem ntau tshaj - lub neej kev pabcuam pub dawb nrog tus nqi qis tshaj plaws rau lub neej txij nkawm rau siab -throughput lossis tseem ceeb pickling kev ua haujlwm. Weld kho yuav ua tau nyob rau hauv situ, ncua kev pab cuam lub neej indefinitely.
3: Dab tsi yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev vuam thiab kev tsim cov txheej txheem rau Nickel 200 pickling daim hlau kom ntseeg tau tias kev ua haujlwm ntev -?
Kev tsim khoom tsis raug yog qhov ua rau ua tsis tiav ntxov hauv lwm cov ntaub ntawv zoo. Rau Nickel 200 daim hlau, cov txheej txheem nruj yuav tsum ua raws li:
Kev Npaj Khoom: Txhua qhov kev tsim khoom yuav tsum tau ua nrog cov yas tiv thaiv zaj duab xis tshem tawm ntawm qhov chaw vuam. Cov npoo sib koom yuav tsum tau ntxuav cov roj, roj, thiab cov khoom paug uas siv cov kuab tshuaj rau cov nickel alloys (tsis muaj cov tshuaj chlorinated).
Vuam txheej txheem thiab muab tub lim hlau:
Txheej Txheem: Gas Tungsten Arc Vuam (GTAW / TIG) yog qhov zoo dua rau nws qhov tseeb thiab huv si, tswj cov cua sov. Shielded Hlau Arc Vuam (SMAW) tuaj yeem siv rau qhov hnyav.
Filler Hlau: Siv cov khoom siv sib xyaw ua ke xws li ERNi-1 (rau TIG) lossis ENi-1 (rau lo). Qhov no ua kom cov hlau weld muaj corrosion kuj sib npaug rau lub hauv paus phaj.
Thaum tshav kub kub Input Control: Nickel alloys muaj thermal conductivity tsawg, lub ntsiab lus kub concentrates nyob rau hauv weld cheeb tsam. Siv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob qis mus rau nruab nrab, cov hlaws dai, thiab kev tswj xyuas qhov kub thiab txias txaus (feem ntau hauv qab 150℃/ 300℃F) txhawm rau tiv thaiv kev loj hlob ntawm cov qoob loo thiab tom qab poob ntawm ductility thiab corrosion kuj nyob rau hauv tshav kub-Tshwj xeeb cheeb tsam (HAZ).
Kev sib koom tes tsim thiab haum-Up: Siv cov grooves dav dav (piv txwv li, V- lossis U-grooves) txhawm rau kom nkag mus tau tag nrho. Ua kom haum haum-txog kom txo qhov ntim ntawm cov hlau muab tub lim kom tsawg.
Back Purging: Rau txhua qhov vuam qhov twg cov hauv paus hniav yuav raug rau qhov chaw corrosive (xws li, tank liner seams), rov qab purging nrog argon yog qhov tseem ceeb heev. Qhov no tiv thaiv oxidation (qabzib) ntawm lub hauv paus sab, uas ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam loj heev rau kev tawm tsam sai.
Ncej - Weld Clean-Up: Tag nrho cov xim tsis sib xws (tshav kub tint) thiab slag yuav tsum tau muab tshem tawm los ntawm kev sib tsoo los yog hlau txhuam (nrog cov txhuam hlau tsis xeb siv rau ntawm nickel nkaus xwb). Qhov kawg weld thiab HAZ yuav tsum du thiab flush kom tsis txhob muaj qhov sib tsoo ntawm qhov chaw thiab ua kom yooj yim rau kev tshaj tawm -fabrication passivation.
4: Dab tsi yog hom kev ua tsis tiav ntawm Nickel 200 hauv kev pabcuam pickling, thiab lawv yuav tiv thaiv li cas?
Txawm tias muaj cov khoom siv muaj zog zoo li Nickel 200, kev ua tsis tiav tuaj yeem tshwm sim yog tias kev ua haujlwm lossis kev saib xyuas ciam teb dhau lawm.
Graphitization (Long-Lub Sij Hawm, Siab-Tsub): Qhov no yog thawj hom metallurgical tsis ua haujlwm rau Nickel 200 (vim nws cov ntsiab lus carbon) thaum siv siab tshaj li ntawm 315℃(600℃F) rau lub sijhawm ntev. Cov pa roj carbon precipitates raws li brittle graphite ntawm cov ciam teb, ua rau embrittlement hnyav. Kev Tiv Thaiv: Rau cov khoom siv ua haujlwm tsis tu ncua saum 315 degree, xws li qee cov khoom cua sov lossis cov khoom siv rauv, qhia txog Nickel 201 (UNS N02201), qhov qis - carbon variant (C Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 0.02%), uas tiv thaiv qhov tshwm sim no.
Galvanic Corrosion: Yog tias Nickel 200 nyob rau hauv kev sib cuag hluav taws xob ncaj qha nrog cov hlau zoo dua qub (xws li graphite cua sov cov ntsiab lus lossis titanium) hauv cov kua qaub electrolyte, cov nickel tuaj yeem corrode nyiam. Kev Tiv Thaiv: Hluav taws xob cais cov hlau tsis sib xws uas tsis yog- cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, lub tes tsho, lossis cov txheej txheem.
Erosion-Corrosion: Kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm siab- nrawm, abrasive acid slurry (nqa hlau oxide nplai) tuaj yeem kho cov txheej tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv, ua kom cov hlau poob nrawm, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv cov yeeb nkab lub luj tshib, lub twj tso kua mis impellers, los yog nyob rau hauv lub tank inlet ntws. Kev Tiv Thaiv: Tsim rau laminar ntws qhov twg ua tau. Siv cov phaj tuab ntxiv rau hauv cov chaw paub siab - hnav. Rau qhov xwm txheej hnyav, xav txog cov nickel alloys nyuaj xws li Ni-Cr-Mo hom (piv txwv li, Hastelloy C-276) rau cov khoom tshwj xeeb.
Kev tsis raug cai: Tom qab tsim, tag nrho cov Nickel 200 nto, nrog rau cov welds, yuav tsum tau passivated los ntawm pickling nyob rau hauv ib tug kub nitric acid tov (xws li, 20-50% HNO3 ntawm 50-60℃). Qhov no dissolves tej embedded hlau paug thiab hloov kho ib tug ruaj khov, tiv thaiv chromium-dawb oxide txheej. Kev hla cov kauj ruam no tawm ntawm qhov chaw tsis muaj zog los ua kom nrawm nrawm.
5: Cov kev qhia tshwj xeeb thiab kev tswj xyuas zoo li cas yog qhov tseem ceeb thaum muab Nickel 200 phaj rau cov khoom siv pickling?
Txhawm rau kom ntseeg tau tias kev ua tau zoo, kev yuav khoom yuav tsum yog qhov tshwj xeeb - tsav.
Cov Khoom Siv Tseem Ceeb: Cov phaj yuav tsum ua raws li ASTM B162,Standard Specification rau Nickel Phaj, Sheet, thiab Sawb. Daim ntawv xaj yuav tsum qhia meej meej UNS N02200.
Daim ntawv pov thawj yuav tsum tau: Tus neeg muag khoom yuav tsum muab Daim Ntawv Qhia Txog Cov Khoom Siv (MTR) traceable rau cov cua sov. MTR yuav tsum txheeb xyuas:
Chemical Composition: Paub meej tias Ni Ntau dua lossis sib npaug li 99.0%, thiab carbon, hlau, tooj liab, manganese, thiab sulfur nyob rau hauv kev txwv.
Mechanical Properties: Tensile zog, yield zog, thiab elongation lub rooj sib tham ASTM B162 yuav tsum tau rau lub teev temper (feem ntau annealed).
Dimensional thiab Surface Inspection:
Thickness kam rau ua: Txheeb xyuas rau ASTM B162. Kev sib xyaw ua ke yog qhov tseem ceeb rau cov kab hauv lub tank.
Deg mob: Rau pickling daim hlau, tus qauv zeb 2B tiav los yog kub - dov annealed thiab pickled tiav yog feem ntau txaus. Qhov saum npoo yuav tsum tsis muaj qhov sib sib zog nqus khawb, qhov, lossis cov laminations uas tuaj yeem ua raws li qhov chaw pib corrosion.
Kev Ntsuam Xyuas Ntxiv (Rau Cov Ntawv Thov Tseem Ceeb): Rau cov khoom loj, muaj kev ntxhov siab ntau, kev sim ntxiv yuav raug teev tseg:
Kev Ntsuas Ultrasonic (UT): Txhawm rau kuaj cov laminations sab hauv lossis suav nrog rau ASTM A578.
Intergranular Corrosion Test: Xws li ASTM G28 Txoj Kev A, txawm tias tsawg dua rau Nickel 200 dua li rau chromium-cov kabmob alloys, kom ntseeg tau tias kev kho cua sov kom zoo.
Hauv cov ntsiab lus, Nickel 200 phaj yog cov khoom siv zoo tshaj plaws rau cov cheeb tsam hnyav tshaj plaws ntawm cov hlau pickling kab. Nws txoj kev ua tiav yog nyob ntawm peb tus ncej: kev muab cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj rau ASTM cov qauv, siv cov txheej txheem tsim nyog thiab cov txheej txheem vuam, thiab nkag siab txog nws cov kev txwv kev ua haujlwm los tiv thaiv qee yam tsis ua haujlwm xws li graphitization. Kev nqis peev tiv thaiv tus nqi ntau dua ntawm kev tsim khoom poob qis thiab ib puag ncig xwm txheej.
