1. Lub tswv yim tsim tshuaj lom neeg tseem ceeb tom qab Hastelloy B2 yog dab tsi, thiab dab tsi tshwj xeeb corrosive ib puag ncig nws lub hom phiaj uas feem ntau lwm cov nickel alloys tsis tuaj yeem ua tau?
Hastelloy B2 (UNS N10665) yog npib tsib xee- molybdenum alloy engineered nrog cov lus, lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb: los muab kev tiv thaiv tshwj xeeb rau kev txo cov kua qaub, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog hydrochloric acid (HCl) ntawm tag nrho cov concentrations thiab kub, nrog rau lub boiling point. Nws lub tswv yim tsim los ntawm kev ua kom muaj cov ntsiab lus molybdenum (~ 28%) nyob rau hauv cov nickel matrix (~ 69% tshuav nyiaj li cas) thaum txo qis lossis tshem tawm cov ntsiab lus uas ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam rau kev txo qis ib puag ncig. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws, nws yog qis-carbon, qis- hlau, thiab qis- silicon version ntawm nws cov thawj coj (Hastelloy B). Qhov no txhob txwm chemistry tshem tawm qhov tsim ntawm cov teeb meem theem nrab (xws li molybdenum- nplua nuj carbides thiab intermetallic) uas tuaj yeem ua rau hauv tshav kub- thaj tsam cuam tshuam (HAZ) thaum vuam, uas nyob rau hauv cov qauv ua ntej ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam loj heev ntawm intergranular corrosion. Yog li ntawd, Hastelloy B2 sawv cev rau "stabilized" alloy, muab raws li -welded corrosion kuj. Nws yog qhov tsis sib xws hauv kev tuav cov khoom tsis yog{17}} oxidizing xov xwm xws li ntshiab sulfuric, phosphoric, thiab acetic acids, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum lawv muaj cov kab mob halide xws li chlorides. Txawm li cas los xij, nws cov ntsiab lus siab molybdenum / qis chromium ua rau nws tsis haum rau ib puag ncig nrog cov kab mob oxidizing (xws li ferric lossis cupric ions, yaj oxygen, lossis nitric acid), uas tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev tawm tsam sai. Nws daim ntawv puag ncig yog li no tau teev tseg rau kev siv cov khoom tseem ceeb - valve stems, twj tso kua mis shafts, agitators - rau reactors thiab piping systems nyob rau hauv cov uniquely aggression, purely txo cov tshuaj.
2. Nyob rau hauv cov kev siv tshuaj tshwj xeeb twg yog Hastelloy B2 Bar suav tias yog cov khoom tseem ceeb, thiab dab tsi yog qhov kev txwv ntawm kev siv nws?
A: Hastelloy B2 tuav yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws hauv cov niches uas nruj tshaj plaws ntawm Kev Lag Luam Kev Lag Luam Tshuaj (CPI) qhov twg cov khoom raug kub, concentrated txo acids yam tsis muaj oxidizing cov kab mob. Cov ntawv thov tseem ceeb suav nrog:
Hydrochloric Acid (HCl) Qhuav, tuav, thiab rov qab: Qhov no yog nws daim ntawv thov tseem ceeb. Nws yog siv rau cov twj tso kua mis, li qub, cov kab distillation, thiab cov kav dej uas ua cov roj HCl qhuav los yog tag nrho cov concentrations ntawm aqueous HCl, mus txog thiab suav nrog qhov kub thiab txias.
Acetic Acid thiab Anhydride Ntau Lawm: Hauv cov txheej txheem zoo li Monsanto lossis Cativa carbonylation txheej txheem, qhov twg cov reactors thiab cov khoom siv hauv qab dej kub, corrosive acetic acid ntws uas muaj halide catalysts.
Sulfuric Acid Service (Specific Conditions): For handling concentrated sulfuric acid (>70%) ntawm qhov kub nruab nrab, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum cov kua qaub ntshiab thiab tsis yog - aerated. Nws tsis haum rau dilute los yog oxidizing kub sulfuric acid.
Alkylation thiab Esterification Reactors: Qhov twg cov organic chlorides lossis hydrogen chloride los ntawm - cov khoom tsim tawm.
Qhov kev txwv nruj ua haujlwm yog qhov tsis muaj oxidizing cov neeg ua haujlwm tiav. Kev taw qhia txog qib ppm ntawm ferric (Fe³⁺) lossis cupric (Cu²⁺) ions, yaj oxygen, lossis nitric acid rau hauv cov txheej txheem dej tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj loj ntawm Hastelloy B2. Yog li ntawd, nws txoj kev siv feem ntau yog tshwj tseg rau kaw, ua tib zoo tswj cov tshuab. Cov khoom lag luam puag ncig yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev ua haujlwm zoo, cov khoom siv monolithic xws li cov fasteners loj, cov ntsaws ruaj ruaj tuab, thiab hnyav - lub luag haujlwm valve trim, qhov kev ncaj ncees yog qhov tseem ceeb los tiv thaiv kev xau hauv cov kev pabcuam hnyav.
3. Dab tsi yog cov teeb meem tseem ceeb ntawm kev tsim khoom uas cuam tshuam nrog Hastelloy B2 Bar, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog hais txog kev kho cua sov, vuam, thiab machining, thiab lawv tswj tau li cas?
Fabricating Hastelloy B2 yuav tsum tau tswj cov txheej txheem nruj kom khaws nws cov corrosion{1}} tiv thaiv microstructure.
Thaum tshav kub kub kho: Hastelloy B2 yog muab nyob rau hauv ib tug tov annealed mob, feem ntau rhuab mus rau 2050℃F-2100℃F (1121℃-}1149 degree) thiab sai quenched. Qhov no yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev kom yaj txhua molybdenum- cov theem nplua nuj thiab tswj molybdenum hauv cov kuab tshuaj. Cov hlau yuav tsum tsis txhob muaj kev ntxhov siab lossis muaj hnub nyoog nyob rau hauv qhov kub ntawm 1200℃F-1900℃F (649℃-1038 degree), vim qhov no yuav ua rau cov nag lossis daus ntawm intermetallic theem (Ni₄Mo-type) nyob rau hauv cov ciam teb, ua rau cov khoom tsis tshua muaj kev cuam tshuam rau cov kev pab cuam intergranular.
Vuam: Thaum B2 tau tsim los rau weldability, nws tseem rhiab heev. Kev siv cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke hlau (ERNiMo-7) yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua. Vuam yuav tsum tau ua nrog cov cua kub input thiab ib tug nruj interpass kub tswj, feem ntau hauv qab no 250℃F (121 degree), kom txo tau lub sij hawm nyob rau hauv qhov tseem ceeb los nag kub cheeb tsam. Cov txheej txheem uas txhawb kom txias ceev, zoo li rov qab - kauj ruam vuam, raug pom zoo. Cov qauv welded yog siv raws li -welded mob yam tsis muaj kev kho cua sov tom qab vuam.
Machining: B2 yog cov khoom siv gummy thiab abrasive rau tshuab vim nws cov ntsiab lus molybdenum siab thiab ua haujlwm -hardening nyiam. Nws xav tau:
Heavy, nruj tshuab cuab yeej tiv taus siab txiav quab yuam.
Ntsej muag, zoo- cov cuab yeej carbide nrog cov txheej txheem tshwj xeeb.
Tsawg txiav ceev, txiav tob, thiab siab pub tus nqi kom nkag mus rau hauv kev ua haujlwm- txheej tawv.
Copious, siab - lub siab txias kom tshem tawm cov cua sov thiab tawg ntev, tawv tawv.
4. Yuav ua li cas rau corrosion kuj thiab daim ntawv thov Scope ntawm Hastelloy B2 piv ncaj qha rau nws successor, Hastelloy B3 (UNS N10675)?
Txoj kev loj hlob ntawm Hastelloy B3 yog ib qho lus teb ncaj qha rau cov thawj fabrication tsis muaj zog ntawm B2. Thaum B2 muaj kev tiv thaiv corrosion zoo heev, nws qhov kev hnov mob heev rau cov nag lossis daus thaum lub sij hawm vuam los yog txias txias ua fabrication xav tau thiab ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev tsis pom HAZ corrosion.
Hastelloy B3 tuav ib qho yuav luag zoo tib yam corrosion kuj profile rau B2 hauv kev txo cov kua qaub tab sis ua tiav cov thermal stability zoo heev. Nws hloov kho chemistry (tswj ntxiv ntawm chromium thiab hlau, thiab hloov cov ntsiab lus me me) ua rau cov nag lossis daus kinetics ntawm cov theem tsis zoo.
Qhov txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb ntawm B3: Nws tuaj yeem tiv taus qhov cuam tshuam ntawm qhov tseem ceeb 1200℃F-1900℃F ntau yam ntev dua yam tsis muaj embrittlement lossis poob ntawm corrosion kuj. Qhov no txhais rau:
Kev kam rau siab ntau dua thaum vuam (tsawg dua qhov cuam tshuam qhov ntsuas kub tswj).
Txo kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev tsim khoom- cuam tshuam txog kev ua tsis tiav.
Qhov ua tau ntawm kev ntxhov siab-relieving hauv qee kis.
Kev Taw Qhia Kev Xaiv: Rau kev tsim tshiab ntawm cov txheej txheem welded nyuaj, Hastelloy B3 tam sim no yuav luag thoob plaws ntiaj teb nyiam tshaj B2 vim nws qhov kev zam txim thiab kev ua haujlwm zoo ib yam. Hastelloy B2 puag ncig bar tseem cuam tshuam rau qhov yooj yim, hnyav machined Cheebtsam nrog tsawg vuam, los yog rau kev kho qhov chaw nyob rau hauv B2 systems uas twb muaj lawm los xyuas kom meej metallurgical compatibility.
5. Dab tsi yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev lees paub zoo thiab cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj uas yuav tsum tau ua rau kev yuav khoom Hastelloy B2 Bar rau kev pabcuam tseem ceeb hauv HCl lossis acetic acid ib puag ncig?
Muab qhov hnyav ntawm nws cov kev pabcuam, kev yuav khoom ntawm Hastelloy B2 yuav tsum tau ceev faj.
Cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj: Daim ntawv qhia tag nrho Traceable Mill Test Report (MTR) ib ASTM B335 (Standard Specification for Nickel-Molybdenum Alloy Bar thiab Hlau) yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua. MTR yuav tsum paub meej tias cov cua sov chemistry ua tau raws li UNS N10665 txwv, nrog rau kev saib xyuas tshwj xeeb rau qhov qis tshaj plaws rau Carbon (0.01%), Hlau (2.0%), thiab Silicon (0.08%), uas yog qhov tseem ceeb rau nws cov kev ua tau zoo.
Yuav tsum tau kuaj:
Mechanical Tests: Chav ntsuas kub tensile thiab hardness kuaj ib ASTM B335.
Corrosion Test (Feem ntau yuav tsum tau): Muaj ntau qhov kev lees paub corrosion yog tus qauv yuav tsum tau ua. Qhov ntau tshaj plaws yog ASTM G28 Method A xeem, uas tso rau hauv ib qho piv txwv hauv boiling 50% sulfuric acid + 42 g/L ferric sulfate tov. Thaum qhov no yog qhov kev sim oxidizing (thiab yog li tsis yog tus sawv cev ntawm nws qhov kev pabcuam tiag tiag), nws yog qhov taw qhia rhiab ntawm microstructural soundness. Tus nqi siab corrosion nyob rau hauv qhov kev ntsuam xyuas no qhia teeb meem theem nag lossis daus, uas yuav ua rau kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo hauv kev txo cov kua qaub. Cov neeg yuav khoom yuav qhia txog qhov siab tshaj plaws uas tau txais corrosion (piv txwv li, <0.8 hli / hli).
Kev Tshawb Fawb Kev Kho Kub Kub: MTR yuav tsum tau lees paub qhov kawg kev daws teeb meem annealing kev kho tsis tau.
Qhov xwm txheej thiab qhov kawg: Cov tuav feem ntau yog muab rau hauv qhov kub -ua tiav, ua kom tiav, thiab descaled mob. Machined (tig) los yog hauv av tiav tuaj yeem raug teev rau nruj dua qhov ntev ntev.
Kev Tsim Nyog Muaj Peev Xwm: Kev xa khoom los ntawm cov neeg xa khoom nrog cov koom tes ncaj qha lossis cov neeg muag khoom pom zoo nrog cov khoom siv kom raug cais tawm yog qhov tseem ceeb kom tsis txhob muaj kab mob sib kis lossis sib tov- nrog rau lwm cov alloys.
