1. Dab tsi yog cov tshuaj lom neeg muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm Nickel Alloy C-276 tuav, thiab nws pab txhawb lawv tus mob corrosion li cas?
Nickel Alloy Hastelloy c -} chromium-{2}} MolyBlium (N}} pa), 15-17% molybdenum (mo), 3-4.5% tungsten (w), tsawg dua los yog sib npaug ntawm 2.5% hlau (tsawg dua lossis sib npaug ntawm 0.01% leej twg los yog sib luag, thiab kab sib npaug ntawm silicon (si) thiab manganese (mn). Qhov sib xyaw no yog tsim los tawm tsam cov kev lag luam muaj zog tshaj plaws.
Nickel cov ntaub ntawv ruaj khov, txheej oxide nyob rau saum npoo, tiv thaiv kev sib chwv ncaj qha ntawm cov xov xwm alloy thiab corrosive. Chromium txhim kho cov xim oxide no thiab cov nplaum, txhawb cov kua qaub oxidizing (piv txwv li {}} oxidation. Molybdenum thiab tungsten yog tus yuam sij rau kev tawm tsam txo cov kua qaub (piv txwv li} Ultra - Cov ntsiab lus muaj roj carbon qis (tsawg dua los yog sib npaug ntawm cov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev sib txuam, Tsis zoo li cov qauv steels stainless (piv txwv li, 316L), hastelloy c {186} {186}{{186}} "univers-resistant alloy rau kev muaj teeb meem nyuaj.
2. Qhov uas muaj cov haujlwm nyob ntawm cov khoom lag luam Hastelloy C-276 tuav, thiab lawv ua dab tsi rau cov ntawv thov tshwj xeeb?
Tshuag hastelloy c -}}
Kev ua yeeb yam & Petrochemical: siv los tsim cov khoom siv hluav taws xob reactor, cov hlua cua sov, valve stalts, thiab twj ntaub, thiab twj ntaub. Nws tiv thaiv cov tshuaj txhoj puab zoo li muaj cov roj acid (txog 20% {}} {} {} {} {} {} {} {}} Piv txwv li, hauv ethylene cov nroj tsuag ntau lawm, tiv thaiv ob qho tib si kub siab (txog li 1093℃luv-resist℃degree℃degree (((txog li ntawm FLPRODODE zoo li Hydrogen Sulfide.
Roj & Roj (ntws los & downstream): deployed nyob rau hauv ntug platform rau lub xeev hmoov, risers, thiab raj xa hluav taws xob. Nws txoj kev tawm tsam rau dej hiav txwv (suav nrog siab- salinity bines) thiab sorrosion corrosion (SCC), uas tuaj yeem ua rau cov kev puas tsuaj hluav taws xob (uas tuaj yeem ua rau kev puas tsuaj hluav taws xob. Nyob rau hauv downstream refineries, nws tau siv rau cov underracking {{3,5 degree} nrog catalatures thiab corrosive catalysts zoo li ammonia.
Kev kho dej khib nyiab & Desalination: hloov mus rau hauv Aerator Shafts, lim thav duab, thiab brine thauj kav dej. Hauv nroog lim dej feem ntau muaj cov chlorides, ammonia, thiab organic acids, thaum Desalination zaub kov cov kab ke (txog 70,000 ppm chlorides). Hastelloy c-}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}} out outperforming titanium alloys (uas tuaj yeem raug kev txom nyem los ntawm chloride-ntxias pitting ntawm qhov kub).
Aerospace & Lub zog hluav taws xob: siv rau hauv cov roj av tsim hluav taws, ua kom sov ua kom zoo nkauj hauv cov tshuab hluav taws xob thiab roj cua tshuab. Nws khaws lub zog ntawm qhov kub txog 980℃thiab resistions corrosion los ntawm cov pa roj cua sov (muaj cov txiv lws suav thiab nitrogen oxides). Nyob rau hauv lub hwj huam nuclear fais fab, nws tau siv rau corrosant corrosant- Tsis txhob muaj cov khoom siv hluav taws xob los yog kua sodium.
3. Yuav ua li cas cov txheej txheem tsim kev tsim khoom yog siv los tsim cov khoom lag luam hastelloy c-}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}} corr--resistant cov khoom ntiag tug tshwj tseg?
Kev tsim cov Hastelloy C-276 cov tuav yuav tsum tau ua raws li kev tswj hwm kom tswj tau tagnrho cov kev sib txawv thiab tsis txhob cuam tshuam corrosion. Cov kauj ruam tseem ceeb suav nrog:
Nqus tau los ntawm melting (Vim) + Nqus ARC Rov Qab Ua Kom Tiav Tshuaj Kom Ua Kom Tau Plawv Noj Kom Tiv Thaiv Los Ntawm Oxygen Thaiv Thiab Nitrogen. Nws yog tom qab ntawd remelted ntawm var kom tshem tawm porosity thiab ua kom muaj kev ua kom zoo nkauj microstructure. Tsis zoo li tib - yaj cov txheej txheem, vim} E}} var txo cov tsis muaj zog) thiab ua rau muaj cov khoom siv tsis sib xws nrog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob.
Kev ua haujlwm kub: Lub ingot yog rhuab rau 1175- 1230} {{{{{{} {polled rau hauv bar Tshuag. Qhov ntsuas kub no yog qhov tseem ceeb-tsawg dhau, thiab lub alloy ua nkig; Siab dhau, thiab grain coarsening tshwm sim (txo kev nruj me ntsis). Kub Rolling tau ua tiav nrog tswj kev txo qhov sib npaug (3: 1 ib kis) kom tawg cov nplej coarse thiab txhim kho cov khoom siv cov khoom siv.
Kev daws Annealing: Tom qab kev ua haujlwm kub, tuav yub igno aneginging ntawm 1150 {500} 1200 feeb rau 30-60 feeb, ua raws los ntawm cov dej nrawm. Cov kauj ruam no tau ploj tag nrho cov carbides tib yam (uas ua rau muaj kev sib txuam corrosion) thiab rov qab ua ib qho kev sib txuam hauv cov micructionic. Tsis zoo li qee cov nickel alloys, hastelloy C-276 tsis tas yuav muaj kev ua kom muaj kev laus ib leeg ntawm corrosion tsis kam thiab muaj zog.
Khaub thuas ua tiav & Kev Kho Mob Nto: Rau kev kho cov nplaim dej (diameters 10 {5 mm), kev kos duab txias yog siv los ua kom ua tiav kev tiv thaiv nruj (± 0.05 mm). Lub Alloy lub zog sib zog (25% min elongation) tso cai 1 {{txias} {txias}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}} Kos duab kis. Ib qho kawg pickling nyob rau hauv nitric acid-hydrofluoric acids acides thiab sib npaug ntawm cov kab mob du (ra
Cov Tshuag tuav yog tom qab txiav rau cov qauv ntev (1-6 meters) thiab tshuaj xyuas kom ua raws li Astm B574 (npaj txhij rau kev xa khoom tam sim ntawd mus rau cov neeg siv khoom.
4. Dab tsi cov kev ntsuas zoo yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua rau cov khoom lag luam Hastelloy C-276 ua kom lawv ua tiav cov qauv kev lag luam?
Txhawm rau lav kev ntseeg tau nyob rau hauv ib puag ncig txom nyem, Tshuag hastelloy c- j} 276 cov neeg yuav tsum tau ua:
Tshuaj lom neeg cov khoom siv tshuaj lom neeg:
Optical emission spectroscopy (OES): Kev tshuaj xyuas lub theem nrab muaj pes tsawg, ua kom checkium (14,5%) poob rau hauv Astm li cas. Oes yog ua rau txhua txhua cov khoom cua sov los tiv thaiv off-spec batches.
Cov pa roj carbon / sulfur tsom xam: siv cov kev sib txuas sib txuas los lees cov roj carbon (tsawg dua lossis sib npaug rau 0.01%) thiab ua kom muaj sib npaug rau kev zam kev txhim kho kev sib txuam thiab ua kom muaj zog.
Cov Cuab Yeej Cuab Yeej Cuab Yeej Cuab Yeej:
Tensile Kev Kuaj: Per ASTM E8, cov qauv raug rub mus rau kev ntsuas tensile lub zog (ntau dua los yog sib npaug), thiab elongation (ntau dua lossis sib npaug nrog 25%). Kev ntsuam xyuas tau ua nyob rau hauv chav tsev kub thiab, rau high- kev siv ntsuas kub, ntawm 815 qib kom paub tseeb lub zog tuav.
Kev kuaj Hardness: Rockwell B (HRB tsawg dua lossis sib npaug ntawm 95) lossis Brinell (HB Tsawg dua li ntawm 230) Kev sim ua kom zoo nkauj heev rau kev siv tau thiab txo qis.
Kev Cuam Tshuam Kev Ntsuas: Charpy V - Cov Lus Ntsuas Kub (Ntau Dua lossis Sib Tw
Corrosion Kuj Xeem Tes:
Pitting Corrosion: Per astm G48 Txujcab A, cov qauv yog nthuav tawm rau Ferric chloride tov (6% fecl₃) ntawm 50℃rau 24 teev. Tsis muaj pitting los yog crevice corrosion qhia pass / tsis muaj - Hastelloy qhia tias tsis muaj xeb, thaum 316l tsis dhau ib teev.
Ntu kev txhim kho corroos (IGC) Kuaj: Ib qho ASTM G28 Txuj Ci A, Kev daws teeb meem kua qaub rau 24 teev, tom qab ntawd Bent 180 Degree. Tsis muaj kab nrib pleb qhia txog kev tiv thaiv tsis kam mus rau i6- tseem ceeb rau kev siv cov tshuaj kub siab.
Tsis - Kev sim tshuaj (ndt):
Kev sim ultrasonic (U): ib qho astm a609, ut scans tag nrho cov kev tsis xws luag (tawg
Eddy Current Testing (ECT): Per ASTM E243, ECT inspects the surface and near-surface for scratches, pits, or seams-flaws that could initiate corrosion in service.
Kev Ntsuam Xyuas Pom: Txhua txoj kab thaiv yog tshuaj xyuas rau kev ua kom tsis raug cai (qhia txog kev sib txawv ntawm cov micrometers) lossis qhov sib txawv ntawm ASTM B574 kev zam (± 0.1 hli rau cov qauv kab).
5. Yuav ua li cas kom zoo weld thiab tshuab khoom Hastelloy C-276 tuav, thiab tseem ceeb tshaj plaws rau kev tswj hwm lawv txoj kev ua tau zoo?
Vuam thiab machining haastelloy C-276 yuav tsum tau ua kom tau cov txuj ci tshwj xeeb kom tsis txhob cuam tshuam txog nws cov khoom lag luam tsis kam thiab cov neeg kho mob:
Vuam ceev faj:
Cov txheej txheem vuam: roj tungsten arc vuam (gtaw / tig) yog qhov nyiam rau cov khoom nyias nyias, thaum cov ntaub thaiv hlau arc vuam (loj dua lossis sib npaug rau 10 hli). GTAW muab kev tswj hwm zoo dua dhau cov lus tawm ua kom sov, txo qis kev pheej hmoo ntawm graining alarsening hauv cov cua sov- bead thaj tsam (Haz).
Lim hlau: Siv ernicrmo - 4 (rau gtaw) lossis enicrmo-4 (rau smaw) sib koom ua ke yog cov hlau tib yam li cov hlau hauv paus. Zam kev siv cov tub lim hlau stainless hlau, uas tsim cov galvanic corrosion hlwb.
Pre6 -}} Weld Tu: Tshem tawm txhua qhov chaw paug dej hauv av) nrog cov hlau lossis hlau tsis muaj hlau). Cov hlau hais rau saum npoo tuaj yeem pib pitting corrosion.
Kev thaiv cov roj: Siv 99.999% Ntshiab Argon rau ob lub pas dej Weld thiab Haz. Rov qab roj (Argon) yog qhov yuav tsum tau rau cov yeeb nkab lossis raj veel los tiv thaiv oxidation ntawm sab hauv {}} atiide txheej thiab txo corrosion tsis kam.
Tshaj tawm - Weld Kev Kho Mob: Tsis muaj Annealing Kev Siv
Machining Kev ceev ceev:
Cov kev xaiv cuab tam: Siv carbide -}} {}}}}}}}} Hastelloy c -}}}}}}}
Kev txwv tsis pub: Siv qhov qis qis (15 {- 30 m / min) thiab qib nruab nrab (0.1-0.15 hli / rev). Kev kub ceev ua kom muaj cua sov ntau dhau, ua rau ua haujlwm tawv thiab siv lub cuab tam; Tsawg pub txo cov khoom tsim tau zoo tab sis tiv thaiv kev puas tsuaj nto. Qhov tob ntawm kev txiav yuav tsum muaj ntau dua los yog sib npaug rau 1 hli kom tsis txhob machining ua haujlwm-hardened txheej los ntawm kev hla dhau los ntawm kev hla dhau los.
Coolant: Siv qhov siab - kub (100 {}}} solub (eg, chlorine {} {dawb ep roj). Coolant dissipates tshav kub thiab yaug cov chips-qhuav chips-qhuav yog nruj me ntsis zam, raws li nws ua rau muaj oxidation thiab ua haujlwm tawv.
Nti tswj: Hastelloy c-}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}} Txheem chips lossis kho cov nqi pub mis los tsim cov tshuaj luv, tswj cov tshuaj. Cov chips ntev tuaj yeem ua rau lub cuab yeej, ua rau cov khawb sab saum toj uas pib corrosion.
Daim ntawv qhia raug - tshuab ntxuav yog ib qho tseem ceeb (20%
