1. Cov Khoom Siv Tus Kheej: Hastelloy C-2000 yog dab tsi, thiab nws txawv li cas ntawm lwm cov C-tsev neeg alloys xws li C-276 thiab C-4 nyob rau hauv ASTM B574?
Q: Peb qhov tshwj xeeb engineering hu rau "ASTM B574 Hastelloy C-2000 alloy round bars." Peb paub C-276 thiab C-4, tab sis qhov no yog qhov kev xaiv tshiab rau peb. C-2000 yog dab tsi, thiab nws piv rau cov alloys peb twb paub li cas?
A: Hastelloy C-2000 sawv cev rau kev nce qib tseem ceeb hauv C- tsev neeg ntawm nickel-chromium-molybdenum alloys. Nws tau tsim tshwj xeeb los txuas cov kev sib txawv ntawm cov alloys optimized rau txo qhov chaw (xws li C-4) thiab cov optimized rau oxidizing ib puag ncig (xws li C-276).
Direct Equivalency:
| Qhov System | Lub npe |
|---|---|
| Lub npe lag luam | Hastelloy C-2000 |
| UNS | N06200 |
| ASTM Txuj | B574 (Qab / Bar), B575 (Plate / Ntawv) |
Kev sib piv Chemistry:
| Element | C-2000 (N06200) | C-276 (N10276) | C-4 (N06455) | Vim Li Cas Nws Tseem Ceeb |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nickel | Qhov nyiaj tshuav (59% min) | Qhov sib npaug (57% min) | Qhov nyiaj tshuav (65% min) | Matrix element |
| Chromium | 22.0 - 24.0% | 14.5 - 16.5% | 14.0 - 18.0% | C-2000 muaj siab tshaj Cr |
| Molybdenum | 15.0 - 17.0% | 15.0 - 17.0% | 14.0 - 17.0% | Zoo ib yam li C-276 |
| Tooj | 1.3 - 1.9% | Tsis muaj | Tsis muaj | Cim rau C-2000 |
| Tungsten | Tsis muaj | 3.0 - 4.5% | Tsis muaj | C-276 muaj W, C-2000 tsis |
| Hlau | 3.0% max | 4.0 - 7.0% | 3.0% max | C-2000 muaj qis dua Fe |
Qhov Tseem Ceeb Innovations hauv C-2000:
High Chromium (22-24%): Qhov no yog qhov siab dua C-276 (14.5-16.5%) thiab C-4 (14-18%). High chromium muab tshwj xeeb tsis kam rau oxidizing media (nitric acid, ferric ions, cupric ions, ntub chlorine).
Copper Ntxiv (1.3-1.9%): Qhov no yog qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm C-2000. Tooj liab muab kev tiv thaiv zoo rau sulfuric acid nyob rau ntau qhov ntau ntawm cov concentrations thiab kub. Nws kuj tseem txhim kho kev tiv thaiv hydrofluoric acid.
Balanced Molybdenum (15{1}}17%): Ua kom muaj kev tiv thaiv zoo heev los txo cov kua qaub (xws li hydrochloric acid) uas ua rau C-tsev neeg alloys.
Lub tswvyim "Universal" Alloy:
C-2000 tau tsim los ua ib qho alloy uas tuaj yeem ua rau ob qho tib si oxidizing thiab txo cov mob:
Oxidizing Resistance: Los ntawm siab chromium + tooj liab
Txo qhov tsis kam: Los ntawm siab molybdenum + tooj liab
Localized Corrosion Resistance: Los ntawm kev sib xyaw Cr-Mo-Cu chemistry
Thaum xaiv C-2000:
C-2000 yog qhov kev xaiv zoo tshaj plaws thaum:
Cov txheej txheem ntws sib txawv ntawm oxidizing thiab txo cov xwm txheej
Muaj ntau hom kab mob corrosive (mixed acids)
Sulfuric acid yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm ib puag ncig
Koj xav kom "standardize" ntawm ib qho alloy rau ntau yam kev pabcuam
Qhov siab tshaj plaws versatility yog xav tau yam tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam kev ua haujlwm
Kev txwv:
C-2000 feem ntau kim dua C-276 lossis C-4
Rau kev txo qis ib puag ncig (hcl ntshiab HCl), B-3 tseem yuav nyiam
Rau oxidizing ib puag ncig uas muaj cov tshuaj chloride tsawg, 625 yuav txaus
Kev pom zoo:
Rau kev sib xyaw acid ib puag ncig lossis cov txheej txheem nrog cov xwm txheej sib txawv, C-2000 muaj qib ntawm ntau yam uas tsis muaj C-tsev neeg alloy yav dhau los tuaj yeem sib phim. Nws yog qhov tseem ceeb tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum cov txheej txheem ntxhov siab tuaj yeem hloov cov corrosivity los ntawm kev txo kom oxidizing.
2. Corrosion Resistance: Hauv qhov chaw tshwj xeeb dab tsi ua ASTM B574 Hastelloy C-2000 puag ncig bar ua tau zoo dua lwm cov nickel alloys, thiab vim li cas?
Q: Peb tab tom tsim ib lub tshuab hluav taws xob ntau yam uas yuav ua rau ntau cov kua qaub xws li sulfuric, hydrochloric, thiab nitric ntawm lub sijhawm sib txawv. Peb tus kws tshaj lij corrosion tau pom zoo C-2000. Dab tsi ua rau nws tshwj xeeb haum rau qhov kev pabcuam sib xyaw-acid?
A: Koj daim ntawv thov - lub tshuab hluav taws xob ntau lub hom phiaj tuav cov sulfuric, hydrochloric, thiab nitric acids - yog qhov tseeb qhov xwm txheej uas Hastelloy C-2000 tau tsim. Tsis muaj ib qho hlau ua ntej C-2000 tuaj yeem ua haujlwm ntawm qhov chaw ib puag ncig nrog kev sib npaug.
Peb -Acid Challenge:
| Hom kua qaub | Corrosion Mechanism | Alloys uas Excel |
|---|---|---|
| Sulfuric (H₂SO₄) | Mixed (txo qis conc, oxidizing ntawm siab conc) | Copper{0}}cov kabmob alloys |
| Hydrochloric (HCl) | Txo | High -molybdenum alloys (B-3, C-276) |
| Nitric (HNO ₃) | Oxidizing | Siab -chromium alloys (625, C-22) |
Yuav ua li cas C-2000 ntsib txhua qhov kev sib tw:
Sulfuric Acid Resistance (Cov nyhuv tooj liab):
Tooj liab (1.3-1.9%) muab tshwj xeeb tsis kam rau sulfuric acid thoob plaws ntau qhov concentration (0-95%).
Kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm tooj liab thiab molybdenum ua rau muaj kev sib koom ua ke, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv qhov tseem ceeb ntawm 40-80% concentration ntau qhov twg ntau alloys tawm tsam.
Nyob rau hauv boiling sulfuric acid, C-2000 feem ntau nthuav tawm corrosion tus nqi 2-5 zaug qis dua C-276.
Hydrochloric Acid Resistance (Cov nyhuv Molybdenum):
Nrog 15-17% molybdenum, C-2000 tswj kev ua haujlwm zoo heev los txo cov kua qaub.
Thaum tsis zoo li B-3 (nrog 28% Mo) hauv HCl ntshiab, C-2000 ua tau zoo tshaj C-276 thaum oxidizing impurities tam sim no-ib qho tshwm sim hauv ntau yam khoom siv.
Nitric Acid Resistance (Chromium nyhuv):
Ntawm 22-24% chromium, C-2000 muaj cov ntsiab lus chromium siab tshaj plaws ntawm C-tsev neeg alloy.
Qhov no muab kev tiv thaiv zoo rau oxidizing media, suav nrog nitric acid, ferric ions, thiab cov chlorine ntub dej.
Lub siab chromium kuj txhim khu kev tiv thaiv rau pitting thiab crevice corrosion nyob rau hauv chloride -muaj ib puag ncig.
Kev sib piv (Schematic):
| Ib puag ncig | C-2000 | C-276 | C-4 | 625 | B-3 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sulfuric acid (tag nrho cov conc) | Zoo heev | Zoo | Zoo | Zoo | pluag |
| Hydrochloric acid (ntshiab) | Zoo heev | Zoo heev | Zoo heev | Zoo | Zoo heev |
| Hydrochloric acid (+ oxidizers) | Zoo heev | Zoo | Zoo | Zoo heev | Ncaj ncees |
| Nitric acid | Zoo heev | Zoo | Zoo | Zoo heev | pluag |
| Mixed acids (H₂SO₄ + HCl + HNO₃) | Zoo heev | Ncaj ncees | Ncaj ncees | Zoo | pluag |
| Flue gas desulfurization | Zoo heev | Zoo heev | Zoo | Zoo | pluag |
Qhov zoo ntawm "Universal":
Rau koj lub reactor multipurpose, qhov txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb ntawm C-2000 yog tias koj tsis tas yuav paub meej tias cov khoom tom ntej yuav muaj dab tsi. Lub alloy muab ib tug dav spectrum ntawm kev tiv thaiv uas npog feem ntau mineral acids thiab lawv cov mixs.
Txheej Txheem Tsis Txaus Siab Tolerance:
Hauv qhov tiag -kev ua tshuaj lom neeg hauv ntiaj teb, kev ntxhov siab tshwm sim:
Cov pa oxygen nkag mus rau hauv HCl kev pabcuam
Hlau paug los ntawm cov khoom siv sab saud
Kub excursions
Concentration swings
C-2000's balanced chemistry muab cov npoo ntawm kev nyab xeeb uas tshwj xeeb alloys tsis muaj. A B-3 reactor yuav ua tsis tau zoo yog tias nitric acid tau yuam kev. C-276 reactor yuav raug kev puas tsuaj nrawm rau hauv cov kua qaub sulfuric. C-2000 tuav ob qho tib si nrog tsawg kawg ntxiv corrosion.
Kev pom zoo:
Rau koj lub reactor multipurpose, C-2000 yog qhov kev xaiv zoo heev. Nws ua ke ntawm siab chromium, siab molybdenum, thiab tooj liab ntxiv muab ib theem ntawm versatility unmatched los ntawm lwm cov nickel alloys. Xav txog kev kuaj daim coupon corrosion hauv koj cov kua qaub sib tov kom paub meej tias kev ua tau zoo, tab sis cov ntaub ntawv luam tawm txhawb nqa qhov kev xaiv no.
3. Mechanical Properties: Yam tsawg kawg nkaus txhua yam khoom uas yuav tsum tau muaj rau ASTM B574 Hastelloy C-2000 round bars, thiab lawv ua li cas piv rau C-276?
Q: Peb tab tom tsim lub siab- muaj cov khoom siv los ntawm ASTM B574 Hastelloy C-2000 round bars. Dab tsi yog qhov tsawg kawg nkaus tensile thiab yield zog yuav tsum tau, thiab peb puas tuaj yeem siv tib qhov tsim kev ntxhov siab uas peb feem ntau siv rau C-276?
A: Nkag siab txog cov khoom siv kho tshuab ntawm C-2000 yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev tsim kom raug. Thaum C-2000 muaj kev tiv thaiv corrosion zoo tshaj hauv ntau qhov chaw, nws cov khoom siv tshuab zoo ib yam li-tab sis tsis zoo ib yam rau-C-276.
ASTM B574 Yam tsawg kawg nkaus (Kev daws teeb meem Annealed Condition):
Rau Hastelloy C-2000 (UNS N06200) puag ncig tuav hauv cov tshuaj annealed mob, ASTM B574 qhia meej:
| Khoom | C-2000 (N06200) | C-276 (N10276) | Kev sib piv |
|---|---|---|---|
| Tensile zog (min) | 100 ksi (690 MPa) | 100 ksi (690 MPa) | Zoo ib yam |
| Yield zog (0.2% offset, min) | 40 ksi (276 MPa) | 40 ksi (276 MPa) | Zoo ib yam |
| Elongation (min) | 45% | 40% | C-2000 yog siab dua |
| Hardness (ntev) | 95 HRB max | 100 HRB max | Zoo sib xws |
Cov Lus Qhia Tseem Ceeb:
Tensile thiab Yield: Qhov tsawg kawg nkaus tensile thiab yield zog yog zoo tib yam rau C-276. Rau lub hom phiaj tsim kev kub siab, tib qhov kev cia siab qhov tseem ceeb (los ntawm ASME Tshooj II, Ntu D) feem ntau siv tau, muab lawv teev rau N06200.
Elongation: C-2000 muaj qhov elongation tsawg dua (45% vs . 40%). Qhov no qhia tau hais tias zoo heev ductility thiab formability, uas yog qhov zoo rau kev ua haujlwm txias.
Cov Khoom Kub Kub Siab: Zoo li tag nrho cov nickel alloys, lub zog txo qis ntawm qhov kub siab. Kev tsim ntawm qhov kub thiab txias yuav tsum tau sab laj rau cov lus tshwj xeeb tso cai rau kev ntxhov siab rau N06200.
ASME Code Status:
Hastelloy C-2000 tau lees paub los ntawm ASME Boiler thiab Pressure Vessel Code. Cov txiaj ntsig kev ntxhov siab tso cai tau luam tawm hauv ASME Tshooj II, Ntu D rau Tshooj VIII, Division 1 kev tsim kho.
Kev Tsim Nyog:
Rau chav tsev kub tsim, koj tuaj yeem siv tib qhov kev ntxhov siab raws li C-276 (feem ntau 25 ksi tso cai rau Tshooj VIII).
Rau kev tsim kho qhov kub thiab txias, sab laj cov rooj tshwj xeeb rau N06200, vim tias qhov tseem ceeb yuav txawv me ntsis ntawm C-276 vim muaj cov tshuaj sib txawv.
Qhov siab dua elongation ntawm C-2000 tuaj yeem tso cai rau kev ua haujlwm txias txias dua yam tsis muaj qhov nruab nrab annealing.
Yam tsawg kawg vs.
Cov nqi saum toj no yogyam tsawg kawg nkauskev xav tau. Tej yam khoom rau annealed C-2000 round bars feem ntau siab dua:
Tensile zog: 110-120 ksi (760-830 MPa)
Tawm Zog: 45-55 ksi (310-380 MPa)
Elongation: 50-60%
Kev txheeb xyuas:
Thaum koj tau txais cov khoom, thov Daim Ntawv Qhia Txog Mill Test (EN 10204 3.1) thiab xyuas:
Qhov tseeb tensile, tawm los, thiab elongation qhov tseem ceeb tshaj ASTM B574 minima.
Kev kho cua sov yog sau tseg raws li "kev daws teeb meem annealed."
Cov khoom ua tau raws li kev cai chemistry rau UNS N06200.
Kev pom zoo:
Yog lawm, feem ntau koj tuaj yeem siv cov qauv tsim zoo sib xws rau C-276, tab sis ib txwm txheeb xyuas cov txiaj ntsig tshwj xeeb tso cai rau N06200 hauv cov qauv tsim qauv. Cov khoom muaj zog zoo sib xws txhais tau hais tias cov qauv C-276 uas twb muaj lawm tuaj yeem hloov pauv ncaj qha rau C-2000 yam tsis muaj kev ntsuas rov qab, tab sis kev txhim kho corrosion kuj tseem ceeb.
4. Fabrication thiab Vuam: Dab tsi yog kev txiav txim siab tshwj xeeb rau vuam ASTM B574 Hastelloy C-2000 round bars, thiab cov hlau muab tub lim yuav tsum siv li cas?
Q: Peb tab tom tsim ib lub rooj sib txoos uas yuav tsum tau vuam Hastelloy C-2000 puag ncig rau C-2000 phaj. Dab tsi muab cov hlau uas peb yuav tsum siv, thiab puas muaj qhov tshwj xeeb vuam txwv lossis kev kho tom qab vuam yuav tsum tau ua kom muaj kev tiv thaiv corrosion?
A: Vuam Hastelloy C-2000 yog ncaj nraim thaum ua raws li cov txheej txheem. Lub alloy tau tsim nrog fabricability nyob rau hauv lub siab, thiab nws thermal stability ua rau nws zam txim nyob rau hauv lub tshav kub-cuam tshuam cheeb tsam. Txawm li cas los xij, kev txiav txim siab tshwj xeeb siv.
Filler Hlau Xaiv:
| Base Hlau | Pom zoo Filler | AWS Classification |
|---|---|---|
| C-2000 rau C-2000 | Matching C-2000 muab tub lim | ERNiCrMo-17 (AWS A5.14) |
| C-2000 rau C-276 | C-2000 muab tub lim (nyiam dua) lossis C-276 muab tub lim | ERNiCrMo-17 lossis ERNiCrMo-4 |
| C-2000 rau 625 | C-2000 muab tub lim lossis 625 muab tub lim | ERNiCrMo-17 lossis ERNiCrMo-3 |
Txoj Cai Tseem Ceeb:
Ib txwm siv overmatching lossis txuam muab tub lim. Rau C-2000 rau C-2000 welds, ERNiCrMo-17 yog qhov kev xaiv raug. Qhov muab tub lim no sib phim rau lub hauv paus hlau chemistry (siab Cr, Mo, thiab Cu) thiab xyuas kom cov weld deposit muaj corrosion kuj sib npaug rau lub hauv paus hlau.
Vuam txheej txheem:
Cov txheej txheem Gas Tungsten Arc Vuam (GTAW / TIG) feem ntau yog siv rau puag ncig bar fabrications:
| Parameter | Kev pom zoo |
|---|---|
| Tiv thaiv Gas | 100% Argon lossis Argon + 2-5% Hydrogen |
| Rov qab Purging | Yuav tsum tau rau corrosion- daim ntawv thov tseem ceeb |
| Interpass kub | < 100°C (212°F) |
| Kub Input | Tsawg mus rau nruab nrab ( < 15 kJ / in ) |
| Kev Ceev Ceev | Nruab nrab mus ceev (tsawg tshav kub buildup) |
Cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb:
Thermal Stability (C-2000's Advantage):
Zoo li C-4, C-2000 tau tsim los tiv thaiv nag lossis daus ntawm cov theem teeb meem hauv thaj chaw muaj kev kub ntxhov.
Tsis muaj kev tshaj tawm -weld kev kho cua sov yog yuav tsum tau los kho corrosion kuj.
Lub HAZ khaws cov kev tiv thaiv corrosion piv rau lub hauv paus hlau.
Kev huv huv (tseem ceeb):
Qhov saum npoo yuav tsum huv thiab tsis muaj roj, roj, thiab cov cim cim.
Siv stainless hlau hlau txhuam hniav tshwj xeeb rau C-2000.
Sib tsoo lub log yuav tsum huv si thiab tsis muaj hlau paug.
Rov qab Purging:
Rau corrosion- daim ntawv thov tseem ceeb, rov qab purging nrog argon yog qhov tseem ceeb los tiv thaiv oxidation ntawm cov hauv paus hniav.
Oxidation nyob rau sab nraub qaum tuaj yeem tsim chromium- thaj chaw depleted uas raug rau corrosion.
Copper Content Consideration:
Cov tooj liab hauv C-2000 (1.3-1.9%) tuaj yeem ua rau kub tawg yog tias qhov vuam tsis raug.
Ua kom zoo vuam ceev thiab tsis txhob muaj cua sov ntau dhau.
Siv stringer hlaws dai es tsis siv dav.
Ncej -Wel Cleaning:
Tom qab welding:
Tshem tawm tag nrho cov cua sov tint thiab oxide discoloration los ntawm stainless hlau hlau txhuam los yog sib tsoo.
Pickling tej zaum yuav xav tau rau cov kev pabcuam tseem ceeb los kho cov txheej txheem passive.
Xyuas kom muaj kev tshem tawm tag nrho cov kab mob hlau (kuaj nrog tooj liab sulfate yog tias muaj kev txhawj xeeb).
Welding Dissimilar Hlau:
Thaum vuam C-2000 rau lwm yam alloys (piv txwv li, C-276, 625):
Siv C-2000 muab tub lim (ERNiCrMo-17) raws li nws muab qhov dav tshaj plaws corrosion kuj.
Lub weld deposit yuav yog ib qho sib tov ntawm ob qho tib si alloys tab sis feem ntau yuav muaj cov khoom siv tau.
Rau cov kev pabcuam tseem ceeb, sab laj tus kws tshaj lij kev txhim kho corrosion hais txog qhov sib txawv ntawm cov hlau sib txawv.
Kev txheeb xyuas:
Rau qhov tseem ceeb welds, xav txog:
Kev soj ntsuam pom kev tawg, tsis muaj fusion, lossis tsis muaj xim.
Dye penetrant xeem ntawm cov tiav weld.
Yog tias xav tau, kev kuaj corrosion ntawm vuam daim coupon kom paub tseeb HAZ kev ncaj ncees.
Kev pom zoo:
Rau vuam C-2000 puag ncig, siv ERNiCrMo-17 muab tub lim hlau, tswj qhov kub tsis sib xws, thiab xyuas kom rov qab purging rau corrosion- cov kev pabcuam tseem ceeb. Lub alloy lub thermal stability txhais tau tias tsis muaj kev kho cua sov tom qab vuam, tab sis tom qab vuam yog qhov tseem ceeb los tshem tawm cov cua sov.
5. Kev siv thiab kev xaiv: Hauv kev lag luam thiab cov khoom tshwj xeeb yog ASTM B574 Hastelloy C-2000 round bars feem ntau siv?
Q: Peb tab tom txiav txim siab standardizing ntawm Hastelloy C-2000 round tuav rau peb cov tshuaj cog cov khoom tseem ceeb. Dab tsi yog cov ntawv thov raug rau cov hlau no, thiab hauv kev lag luam dab tsi nws tau ua pov thawj zoo tshaj plaws?
A: Hastelloy C-2000 tau pom muaj kev lees paub thoob plaws ntau qhov kev lag luam txij li nws tau qhia. Nws versatility ua rau nws muaj txiaj ntsig tshwj xeeb hauv cov ntawv thov uas cov txheej txheem txheej txheem hloov pauv lossis qhov twg muaj ntau hom corrosive tam sim no.
Primary Industries thiab Applications:
| Kev lag luam | Tej Cheebtsam | Vim li cas C-2000 Excels |
|---|---|---|
| Kev ua tshuaj lom neeg | Reactor Cheebtsam, agitator shafts, thermowells, dip kav, valve stems | Kuaj ntau cov kua qaub; tolerates txheej txheem chim |
| Pharmaceutical | API reactor internals, sib xyaw shafts, sampling ports | Broad corrosion kuj; tuav purity |
| Pulp thiab ntawv | Bleach cog Cheebtsam, tov khoom shafts, scraper hniav | Tiv thaiv chlorine dioxide, chlorates, thiab acids |
| Pollution Control | FGD quench nozzles, txhuam cov tshuaj txhuam hniav | Kuaj pH thiab chloride sib txawv - ib puag ncig nplua nuj |
| Petrochemical | Thaum tshav kub kub exchanger Cheebtsam, instrumentation | Resistant organic acids thiab chlorides |
Cov Cheebtsam Tshwj Xeeb Ua los ntawm C-2000 Round Bars:
Agitator Shafts thiab Mixers:
Nyob rau hauv multipurpose reactors, lub agitator ncej pom tag nrho cov txheej txheem chemistry.
C-2000 qhov dav tsis kam ua kom lub neej ntev tsis hais txog kev hloov pauv.
Lub zog siab (piv rau cov yas) tso cai rau ntev, loj dua - txoj kab uas hla.
Valve Cheebtsam:
Valve stems, pob, thiab rooj zaum hauv qhov tseem ceeb tswj li qub.
Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv sulfuric acid kev pab cuam qhov twg tooj liab - bearing alloys excel.
Hauv kev pabcuam chlorine qhov twg siab chromium muab kev tiv thaiv.
Pump Shafts:
Vertical twj shafts hauv cov twj tso kua mis tuav cov kua qaub sib xyaw.
Kab rov tav twj tso kua mis shafts hauv cov txheej txheem twj tso kua mis nrog lub luag haujlwm sib txawv.
Instrumental:
Thermowells thiab cov raj tiv thaiv rau qhov ntsuas kub.
Dip kav rau qib ntsuas los yog cov qauv rho tawm.
Orifice phaj thiab flow meter Cheebtsam.
Fasteners:
Studs, bolts, thiab txiv ntseej rau flanged kev sib txuas hauv kev pabcuam corrosive.
Teem screws thiab tuav lub nplhaib rau cov khoom siv sab hauv.
Thaum tshav kub kub Exchanger Cheebtsam:
Tube nplooj ntawv (thaum ua los ntawm bar Tshuag).
Baffles thiab txhawb nqa rods.
Impingement daim hlau.
Case Study: Multipurpose Pharmaceutical Reactor:
Ib lub chaw tsim tshuaj loj tshaj plaws ntawm C-2000 rau tag nrho cov reactor internals thoob plaws lawv cov khoom siv ntau yam. Yav dhau los, lawv siv:
B-3 rau HCl kev sib tw
625 rau cov phiaj xwm nitric acid
C-276 rau kev sib xyaw ua kua qaub
Qhov tshwm sim:
Txo cov khoom lag luam (ib qho hlau tsis yog peb)
Tshem tawm kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev siv cov khoom tsis raug rau kev sib tw
Cov txheej txheem vuam yooj yim thiab kev tsim nyog
Lub neej ntev ntawm cov cuab yeej siv vim qhov dav dua corrosion kuj
Case Study: Sulfuric Acid Dilution:
Ib tug tshuaj distributor tuav ntau qhov ntau ntawm sulfuric acid hloov los ntawm 316L mus rau C-2000 rau dilution nozzles thiab sib tov shafts.
Qhov teeb meem: 316L corroded sai heev ntawm intermediate concentrations (40-80% H₂SO₄).
Kev daws: C-2000's tooj liab ntxiv muab tshwj xeeb tiv thaiv thoob plaws tag nrho cov concentration ntau.
Qhov tshwm sim: Cov khoom siv lub neej tau nce los ntawm lub hlis mus rau xyoo.
Thaum Tsis Xaiv C-2000:
Thaum muaj ntau yam, C-2000 tsis yog qhov kev xaiv zoo tshaj plaws:
Pure HCl Kev Pabcuam: B-3 (28% Mo) muaj kev tiv thaiv zoo tshaj ntawm tus nqi qis.
Siab -Kev Pabcuam Kub Fluoride: C-4 tej zaum yuav nyiam vim nws thermal stability.
Seawater Service: C-276 lossis 625 tej zaum yuav raug nqi ntau dua.
Tus nqi- Cov ntawv thov rhiab heev: Yog tias tsuas yog ib qho kua qaub nkaus xwb, cov khoom siv tshwj xeeb yuav ua rau muaj kev lag luam ntau dua.
Kev pom zoo:
Rau cov nroj tsuag tshuaj nrog cov txheej txheem sib txawv lossis ntau hom kab mob corrosive, kev ua qauv ntawm C-2000 round bars rau cov khoom tseem ceeb yog ib qho zoo heev. Lub versatility txo qis cov khoom lag luam nyuaj, tshem tawm cov khoom tsis raug xaiv, thiab muab cov npoo kev nyab xeeb rau cov txheej txheem ntxhov siab. Txawm li cas los xij, rau ib leeg - cov kev pabcuam kua qaub, ntsuas seb puas muaj cov khoom siv tshwj xeeb tuaj yeem siv tau ntau dua.
