Q1: Dab tsi yog ASTM B409 npog rau UNS N08810 phaj, thiab nws txawv li cas ntawm ASTM B409 rau UNS N08800?
A:ASTM B409 yog tus qauv specification rau npib tsib xee- hlau-chromium alloy phaj, ntawv, thiab sawb. Nws npog peb lub npe UNS: N08800 (tus qauv Incoloy 800), N08810 (Incoloy 800H), thiab N08811 (Incoloy 800HT). Rau UNS N08810 tshwj xeeb, tus qauv txhais tau hais txog chemistry, mechanical properties, thiab manufacturing requirements optimized for high -temperature creep service.
Qhov txawv tseem ceeb - N08810 vs. N08800 hauv qab ASTM B409:
| Parameter | UNS N08800 (Standard) | UNS N08810 (800H) |
|---|---|---|
| Cov pa roj carbon (C) | 0.10% max | 0.05-0.10%(tswj yam tsawg kawg nkaus) |
| Aluminium (Al) | 0.15-0.60% | 0.15-0.60% |
| Titanium (Ti) | 0.15-0.60% | 0.15-0.60% |
| Al+Ti tag nrho | 0.30-1.20% | 0.30-1.20% |
| Grain loj yuav tsum tau | Tsis tau teev tseg | ASTM 5 los yog coarser |
| Thawj daim ntawv thov | General corrosion kuj | High -kev pab cuam creep kub |
Vim li cas Carbon Yam tsawg kawg nkaus rau N08810:
Kev tswj cov pa roj carbon ntau (0.05-0.10%) hauv UNS N08810 txhawb kev tsim cov nplua chromium carbide precipitates ntawm cov ciam teb. Cov carbides pin cov qauv nplej, tiv thaiv cov ciam teb zawv zawg ntawm qhov kub siab. Qhov no mechanism dramatically txhim khocreep- tawg zogsiab tshaj 600℃(1112℃F).
Hauv qab no 0.05% carbon:Kev tsim cov carbide tsis txaus; cov khoom coj zoo li N08800 nrog cov neeg tsis zoo creep tsis kam
0.05-0.10% carbon:Qhov zoo tshaj plaws carbide faib; siab tshaj creep zog
Tshaj 0.10% carbon:Cov carbides ntau dhau tuaj yeem tsim cov kab txuas txuas txuas ntxiv (brittleness)
Grain Size Requirement (ASTM 5 lossis Coarser):
ASTM B409 rau N08810 yuav tsum tau ua pov thawj ntawm cov nplej loj ib ASTM E112. Coarser nplej (ASTM 5 vs. finer nplej zoo li ASTM 8) txo cov qoob loo ciam teb, uas nyob rau hauv lem:
Txo cov nplej ciam zawv zawg (txhim kho nkag tau yooj yim)
Txo qhov chaw rau carbide nag lossis daus (tiv thaiv dhau -sensitization)
Txhim kho oxidation tsis kam ntawm qhov kub siab heev
ASTM B409 Phaj - Muaj Qhov Loj thiab Kev Pom Zoo:
| Parameter | Ntau yam | Ua siab ntev |
|---|---|---|
| Thickness | 3.0mm-75mm (1/8 "mus rau 3") | ± 0.3 hli<5 mm; ±10% for thicker |
| Dav | Txog li 2500mm (100 ") | ± 3 hli |
| Ntev | Mus txog 12000 mm (40 ft) | ± 5 hli |
| Flatness | Raws li ASTM A480 | Tsawg dua los yog sib npaug li 5 hli ib 'meter' |
Qhia kom raug:
"Plate, Incoloy 800H (UNS N08810), ASTM B409, 10 mm thickness × 2000 mm wide × 6000 mm ntev, tov annealed, pickled. Grain loj ASTM 5 los yog coarser rau ASTM E112. Mill Test Reports per EN 10204 Type 3.
Cov ntsiab lus:ASTM B409 UNS N08810 phaj yog txawv ntawm N08800 los ntawm nws cov kev tswj cov pa roj carbon ntau (0.05-0.10% yam tsawg kawg nkaus) thiab coarser grain loj yuav tsum tau (ASTM 5 los yog coarser). Cov yam ntxwv no ua kom zoo dua cov khoom siv rau cov kev pabcuam siab kub siab tshaj 600 degree, ua rau nws qhov kev xaiv zoo tshaj plaws rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, thiab cov khoom siv petrochemical.
Q2: Dab tsi yog cov khoom tseem ceeb thiab kev kho cua sov rau ASTM B409 UNS N08810 phaj?
A:ASTM B409 qhia txog yam tsawg kawg nkaus txhua yam khoom rau UNS N08810 phaj nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj annealed mob. Kev kho cua sov kom zoo yog qhov tseem ceeb los tsim cov microstructure uas yuav tsum tau ua rau siab - qhov kub thiab txias.
Mechanical Property Requirements (Room Kub):
| Khoom | ASTM B409 Kev Xav Tau (UNS N08810) | Hom Achieved Value |
|---|---|---|
| Tensile zog (min) | 450 MPa (65 ksi) | 550-650 MPa |
| Yield zog 0.2% offset (min) | 170 MPa (25 ksi) | 200-280 MPa |
| Elongation hauv 50 hli (min) | 30% | 35-45% |
| Hardness (tus qauv, tsis qhia) | - | 140-200 HB / 75-90 HRB |
Elevated Temperature Mechanical Properties (Informational, for Design):
| Kub | Tensile Strength (ntev) | Yield Strength (zoo) | Creep Strength (1% hauv 10,000h, ib txwm) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 400℃(750℃F) | 480-580 MPa | 150-220 MPa | ~ 120 MPa |
| 500℃(930℃F) | 450-550 MPa | 140-200 MPa | ~ 80 MPa |
| 600℃(1110℃F) | 400-500 MPa | 130-180 MPa | ~ 45 MPa |
| 700℃(1290℃F) | 300-400 MPa | 100-140 MPa | ~ 25 MPa |
| 800℃(1470℃F) | 200-280 MPa | 70-90 MPa | ~ 12 MPa |
Kev kho cua sov (ASTM B409):
| Parameter | Kev xav tau | Vim li cas |
|---|---|---|
| Tshuaj annealing kub | 1150-1200℃(2100-2190℃F) | Dissolves carbide, teev cov nplej loj |
| Txoj kev txias | Kev txias sai sai (dej quench rau tuab ntu; cua txias rau nyias) | Tiv thaiv carbide nag lossis daus thaum lub caij txias |
| Huab cua | Tswj (cua rau pickled tiav; inert rau ci tiav) | Tiv thaiv kev scaling ntau dhau |
Kev txheeb xyuas qhov kev kho cua sov kom zoo:
| Kuaj | Txoj kev | Txais |
|---|---|---|
| Cov qoob loo loj | ASTM E112 | ASTM 5 los yog coarser |
| Hardness | Rockwell B los yog Brinell | 75-90 HRB (140-190 HB) raug |
| Intergranular corrosion (yeem) | ASTM G28 | Corrosion tus nqi<12 mm/year |
Qhov cuam tshuam ntawm Kev kho cua sov tsis zoo:
| Qhov xwm txheej | Teeb meem | Qhov tshwm sim |
|---|---|---|
| Annealing kub tsawg dhau (<1150°C) | Carbides tsis tag nrho yaj | Txo creep zog, muaj peev xwm rhiab heev |
| Annealing temperature too high (>1200 degree) | Kev loj hlob ntau dhau (ASTM 0 lossis coarser) | Txo ductility, tsis tshua muaj zog tensile |
| Cooling qeeb heev (lub cub txias) | Carbide nag lossis daus thaum txias | Txo corrosion kuj (sensitized) |
| Tsis muaj tshuaj anneal (raws li -dov) | Cov qauv ua haujlwm txias | Tsawg ductility, unpredictable creep kev ua tau zoo |
Cov ntsiab lus:ASTM B409 UNS N08810 phaj yuav tsum tau muab tshuaj annealed ntawm 1150-1200℃thiab txias sai sai kom ua tiav cov coarser grain loj (ASTM 5 los yog coarser) thiab carbide faib yuav tsum tau rau high-kub creep kuj. Cov cuab yeej cuab tam ntawm chav tsev kub zoo ib yam li N08800, tab sis qhov kub siab ua haujlwm tau zoo dua.
Q3: Dab tsi yog cov ntawv thov tseem ceeb rau ASTM B409 UNS N08810 phaj hauv siab -kev lag luam kub?
A:UNS N08810 phaj tau teev tseg rau cov cuab yeej ua haujlwm nyob rau hauv 600-815℃(1112-1500℃F) ntau yam uas yuav tsum tau muaj zog, oxidation tsis kam, thiab cov qauv kev ruaj ntseg. Daim ntawv phaj yog siv rau cov khoom siv hauv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob sib txuas, cov hlab ntsha siab, thiab cov khoom siv txheej txheem.
Primary Industries thiab Applications:
1. Petrochemical Processing (Steam Methane Reforming)
| Cheebtsam | Ua haujlwm kub | Vim li cas N08810 Phaj |
|---|---|---|
| Reformer furnace linings (phab ntsa thiab ru tsev) | 800-950℃(sab hauv) | Oxidation kuj, creep zog |
| Hloov kab manifolds | 750-850 degree | Creep kuj, weldability |
| Cua preheater plhaub | 600-700 degree | Thermal qaug zog kuj |
| Khib kub boiler plhaub | 500-650 degree | Corrosion tsis kam rau flue gases |
2. Kev kho cua sov thiab kev ua hlau
| Cheebtsam | Ua haujlwm kub | Vim li cas N08810 Phaj |
|---|---|---|
| Radiant tube rauv plhaub | 700-900 degree | Kev tiv thaiv oxidation, kev ruaj ntseg |
| Muffle furnace liners | 600-800 degree | Carburization kuj, creep zog |
| Retort shells (lub tshuab nqus tsev vacuum) | 500-700℃(cyclic) | Thermal qaug zog kuj |
| Roller hearth rauv liners | 600-750 degree | Dimensional stability |
3. Kev tsim hluav taws xob
| Cheebtsam | Ua haujlwm kub | Vim li cas N08810 Phaj |
|---|---|---|
| Superheater header plhaub | 550-650 degree | Creep zog, fireside corrosion |
| HRSG interstage ducting | 500-600 degree | Thermal qaug zog, weldability |
| Concentrated solar power (CSP) receiver panels | 500-600 degree | Molten ntsev corrosion kuj |
4. Kev ua tshuaj lom neeg (kub kub)
| Cheebtsam | Ua haujlwm kub | Vim li cas N08810 Phaj |
|---|---|---|
| Nitric acid cog siab -kub absorbers | 80-200℃(tsis kub siab) | Qhov tseeb N08800 yog siv; N08810 kev ua si |
| Phosphoric acid evaporator plhaub | 100-150 degree | Tsis kub kub; N08800 txaus |
| Sulfur recovery unit (Cov txheej txheem Claus) cov tshuaj tiv thaiv chav | 500-600 degree | H₂S + SO₂ kuj |
Phaj Thickness Selection Guide:
| Daim ntawv thov | Hom Thickness | Vim li cas |
|---|---|---|
| Rauv liners (ib -phab ntsa) | 3-6 hli (1/8-1/4 ") | Lub teeb ntsuas ntsuas txo cov thermal huab hwm coj thiab nqi |
| Cov hlab ntsha siab | 10-25 hli (3/8-1 ") | Kev tiv thaiv siab + creep nyiaj |
| Kub exchanger plhaub | 8-15 hli (5/16-5/8 ") | Siab + corrosion pub |
| Ducting thiab breeching | 4-8 hli (5/32-5/16 ") | Cov qauv tsim + oxidation pub |
Tsim qhov zoo ntawm N08810 Phaj:
| Qhov zoo | Kev piav qhia |
|---|---|
| Siab tso cai rau kev ntxhov siab ntawm 700 degree | ASME Tshooj VIII Division 1 tso cai ~ 25 MPa rau N08810 vs. ~ 15 MPa rau N08800 |
| Lub neej ntev dua | 2-3x lub sijhawm ntev mus rau 1% nkag ntawm 650℃piv rau N08800 |
| Oxidation tsis kam mus rau 815 degree | Kev pabcuam txuas ntxiv yam tsis muaj qhov ntsuas qhov tseem ceeb |
| Tsis kam rau carburization | Tseem ceeb hauv hydrocarbon thiab CO-nplua nuj huab cua |
| Weldability | Yooj yim welded siv cov txheej txheem txheej txheem (ERNiCr-3 muab tub lim) |
Kev txwv - Thaum N08810 tsis pom zoo:
| Qhov xwm txheej | Kev xaiv zoo dua |
|---|---|
| Continuous temperature >815℃(1500℃F) | Incoloy 800HT (N08811) lossis Inconel 601 |
| Severe carburization (high carbon activity, >900 degree) | Inconel 601 lossis 693 |
| High-pressure hydrogen (>100 bar, >400 degree) | Seamless yeeb nkab (tsis phaj) los yog Inconel 625 |
| Dej hiav txwv los yog siab -chloride immersion (tsawg kub) | Incoloy 825 los yog super duplex |
Cov ntsiab lus:ASTM B409 UNS N08810 phaj yog cov khoom siv rau siab - cov khoom siv kub ua haujlwm ntawm 600-815℃hauv petrochemical, kho cua sov, thiab kev lag luam tsim hluav taws xob. Nws ua ke ntawm creep zog, oxidation tsis kam, thiab fabricability ua rau nws nyiam xaiv tshaj N08800 rau kev pab cuam kub-kub.
Q4: Puas yog UNS N08810 phaj piv rau UNS N08800 thiab N08811 phaj rau siab -kev siv kub?
A:Xaiv cov qib raug ntawm Incoloy phaj yuav tsum nkag siab qhov kub thiab txias - nyob ntawm qhov kev ua tau zoo sib txawv ntawm N08800, N08810, thiab N08811. Txhua qib yog ua kom zoo rau qhov kub thiab txias thiab kev pabcuam.
Qib Kev Sib Piv Cov Ntsiab Lus:
| Khoom | N08800 (Standard) | N08810 (800H) | N08811 (800HT) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cov pa roj carbon (C) | 0.10% max | 0.05-0.10% | 0.06-0.10% |
| Aluminium (Al) | 0.15-0.60% | 0.15-0.60% | 0.25-0.60% |
| Titanium (Ti) | 0.15-0.60% | 0.15-0.60% | 0.25-0.60% |
| Al+Ti tag nrho | 0.30-1.20% | 0.30-1.20% | 0.85-1.20% |
| Grain loj yuav tsum tau | Tsis tau teev tseg | ASTM 5 los yog coarser | ASTM 5 los yog coarser |
| Qhov kub siab tshaj plaws tas mus li | 600℃(1112℃F) | 815℃(1500℃F) | 980℃(1800℃F) |
| Creep zog (kwv yees ntawm 700 degree) | Tsawg (1 x lub hauv paus) | Siab (3-4x N08800) | Siab heev (5-6x N08800) |
| Thermal qaug zog kuj | Zoo heev | Zoo | Nruab nrab |
| Weldability | Zoo heev | Zoo | Kev Ncaj Ncees (PWHT feem ntau xav tau) |
| Tus nqi (tus txheeb ze) | 1.0x | 1.2-1.3x | 1.4-1.6x |
Daim ntawv thov -Txoj Kev Xaiv Raws li:
| Ua haujlwm kub | Pom zoo Qib | Vim li cas |
|---|---|---|
| Hauv qab 540℃(1000℃F) | N08800 (Standard) | Txaus; tus nqi qis tshaj |
| 540-650℃(1000-1200℃F) | N08810 (800H) | Creep ua qhov tseem ceeb; 800H yuav tsum tau |
| 650-815℃(1200-1500℃F) | N08810 (800H) | Txheem xaiv rau feem ntau siab - cov khoom siv kub |
| 815-980℃(1500-1800℃F) | N08811 (800HT) | Qhov siab tshaj plaws creep zog; txwv thermal cycling |
| Kev pabcuam Cyclic (nruam pib / kaw) | N08800 lossis N08810 (tsis yog 800HT) | 800HT muaj qis thermal qaug zog tsis kam |
Kev sib piv Creep Strength (Kev ntxhov siab los tsim 1% Creep hauv 10,000 teev):
| Kub | N08800 (MPa) | N08810 (MPa) | N08811 (MPa) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 600 degree | ~30 | ~45 | ~50 |
| 650 degree | ~15 | ~30 | ~35 |
| 700 degree | ~8 | ~18 | ~25 |
| 750 degree | ~4 | ~10 | ~15 |
| 800 degree | ~2 | ~5 | ~8 |
Oxidation Resistance Comparison (Qhov hnyav nce tom qab 1000 teev hauv huab cua):
| Kub | N08800 (mg / cm²) | N08810 (mg / cm²) | N08811 (mg / cm²) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 600 degree | ~3 | ~3 | ~2 |
| 700 degree | ~8 | ~7 | ~5 |
| 800 degree | ~20 | ~18 | ~12 |
| 900 degree | Tsis ntsuas | ~50 | ~30 |
Thermal Fatigue Resistance:
| Qib | Tus txheeb ze Thermal Fatigue Lub Neej (Cycles rau Failure ntawm ΔT=500 degree) |
|---|---|
| N08800 | Qhov zoo tshaj plaws (piv txwv li) |
| N08810 | Zoo (70-80% ntawm N08800) |
| N08811 | Nruab Nrab (40-50% ntawm N08800) |
Yog vim li cas N08811 muaj qis Thermal Fatigue Resistance:Qhov siab dua Al + Ti cov ntsiab lus (0.85-1.20%) txhawb nqa gamma prime (′) nag lossis daus, uas ntxiv dag zog rau cov hlau ntawm qhov kub thiab txias tab sis kuj txo cov ductility thiab ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam rau thermal cycling kev puas tsuaj.
Tswv yim pom zoo:
| Scenario | Kev xaiv |
|---|---|
| Lub cub tawg tshiab, khov kho- lub xeev ua haujlwm ntawm 750 degree | N08810 (qhov sib npaug zoo tshaj) |
| Kev hloov kho qhov cub uas twb muaj lawm, xav tau ntau dua throughput (kub) | N08811 (yog 800-850 degree) |
| Batch furnace, nquag qhib qhov rooj (thermal cycling) | N08810 (tsis yog 800HT) |
| Tus nqi - qhov haujlwm tseem ceeb, ua haujlwm ntawm 550 degree | N08800 |
| Qhov siab tshaj plaws tuaj yeem nkag tau lub neej ntawm 850 degree | N08811 |
Cov ntsiab lus:Rau daim ntawv thov phaj hauv 600-815℃ntau yam, ASTM B409 UNS N08810 (800H) yog tus qauv thiab ntau yam kev xaiv. N08800 tsuas yog qis dua 600 degree. N08811 (800HT) yog tshwj tseg rau kev pabcuam siab dua 815℃lossis qhov siab tshaj plaws creep lub zog yuav tsum tau, tab sis nws muaj qis thermal qaug zog tsis kam thiab kim dua.
Q5: Yuav ua li cas ASTM B409 UNS N08810 phaj yuav tsum tau fabricated, welded, thiab tshuaj xyuas rau siab - kub kev pab cuam?
A:Kev tsim kho kom zoo, vuam, thiab kev tshuaj xyuas ntawm UNS N08810 phaj yog qhov tseem ceeb los khaws lub siab - qhov kub thiab txias creep zog thiab corrosion kuj ntawm cov khoom. Cov kev coj ua tsis zoo tuaj yeem tsim cov cheeb tsam weld uas ua tsis tiav ntxov hauv kev pabcuam.
Fabrication Guidelines:
| Kev ua haujlwm | Kev pom zoo | Vim li cas |
|---|---|---|
| Txiav (shearing, plasma, laser) | Siv cov cuab yeej huv, ntse; tshem HAZ (tshav sov- thaj tsam cuam tshuam) tom qab plasma / laser txiav | Tiv thaiv kom tawg pib los ntawm cov npoo ntxhib |
| Ua kom txias (txias) | Siv cov nkhaus radii loj (Ntau dua lossis sib npaug rau 2 × phaj tuab rau 90℃khoov) | N08810 muaj qhov nruab nrab ductility; nruj khoov yuav tawg |
| Forming (kub) | Tshav kub rau 950-1050 degree, daim ntawv, ces tov anneal | Kev kub siab yam tsis muaj kev tshaj tawm -anneal tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev ntxhov siab ntxiv |
| Tshuab dhos | Siv cov cuab yeej ntse carbide, zoo rake, coolant dej nyab | Ua hauj lwm hardens ceev; npub cov cuab yeej ua rau galling |
Vuam Cov Lus Qhia:
| Parameter | Kev pom zoo |
|---|---|
| Txheej txheem | GTAW (TIG) lossis SMAW (stick) - nyiam; GMAW (MIG) – txais |
| Filler hlau | ERNiCr-3 (Inconel 82) - tus qauv; ERNiFeCr-1 (Incoloy 800 muab tub lim) - kuj siv tau |
| Tiv thaiv roj | 100% Argon (GTAW); Argon + 2-5% Hydrogen rau hauv paus hla (yeem) |
| Rov qab ntxuav | Yuav tsum muaj rau tag nrho -kev nkag welds (argon ntawm sab nraub qaum) |
| Interpass kub | Tsawg dua los yog sib npaug rau 150℃(300℃F) - tsis txhob overheat |
| Thaum tshav kub kub input | 10-20 kJ / in (qis rau nruab nrab) |
| Tom qab-weld heat treatment (PWHT) | Tsis xav tau N08810(tab sis tej zaum yuav raug teev rau cov ntu tuab lossis cov ntawv sau npe) |
Kev txiav txim siab tshwj xeeb rau N08810 vs. N08800 Vuam:
| Qib | PWHT Requirement | Yog vim li cas |
|---|---|---|
| N08800 | Tsis xav tau | Standard tov annealed qauv |
| N08810 | Tsis ib txwm yuav tsum tau | Tab sis yog tias PWHT ua tiav, siv 980℃+ ceev txias |
| N08811 | Feem ntau yuav tsum tau (980℃+ quench) | Txhawm rau kho cov khoom creep hauv weld HAZ |
Kev npaj Weld:
| Kauj ruam | Paub meej |
|---|---|
| Ntxuav | Tshem tawm cov roj, roj, thiab cov pa phem (acetone lossis cawv) |
| Bevel | Ib leeg V lossis ob npaug V nyob ntawm tuab; 60-70℃nrog lub kaum sab xis |
| Hauv paus qhov sib txawv | 2-4 hli (0.08-0.16 ") |
| Av (hauv paus ntsej muag) | 1-2 hli (0.04-0.08 ") |
Kev Tshawb Fawb thiab Kev Xeem:
| Kuaj | Txoj kev | Txais | Ntau zaus |
|---|---|---|---|
| Kev kuaj pom | Qhov muag liab qab los yog 2x magnification | Tsis muaj kab nrib pleb, undercut, porosity | 100% ntawm welds |
| Dye penetrant (PT) | ASTM E165 | Tsis muaj linear indications | 100% tseem ceeb welds |
| Kev ntsuas hluav taws xob (RT) | ASTM E 94 | Tsis muaj kab nrib pleb, tsis muaj fusion | Spot los yog 100% rau code |
| Ultrasonic (UT) | ASTM E 213 | No indications >1.2 hli | Thick sections (>12 hli) |
| Hardness traverse (hla weld) | ASTM E18 | Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug rau 95 HRB (tsawg dua lossis sib npaug rau 200 HB) | Sour kev pab los yog code yuav tsum tau |
Ncej -Fabrication Cleaning thiab Passivation:
| Kauj ruam | Txoj kev | Vim li cas |
|---|---|---|
| Degreasing | Alkaline ntxuav los yog hnyav | Tshem tawm cov roj, cov ntiv tes |
| Pickling | Nitric -hydrofluoric acid sib tov (rau scale tshem tawm) | Tshem tawm cov cua sov los ntawm vuam |
| Passivation | 20-25% nitric acid ntawm 50℃rau 30 feeb | Restores chromium -nplua nuj passive zaj duab xis |
| Yaug | Deionized dej | Tshem tawm cov kua qaub residue |
Common Fabrication Mistakes thiab Tiv Thaiv:
| yuam kev | Qhov tshwm sim | Kev tiv thaiv |
|---|---|---|
| Tsis muaj rov qab tshem tawm ntawm lub hauv paus pass | Qab Zib (Internal oxidation) | Siv argon rov qab ntxuav |
| Excessive heat input (>25 kJ / hauv) | Grain loj hlob, txo creep zog | Siv stringer hlaws, tsis dav weaves |
| Vuam tsis tu | Porosity, suav nrog | Degrease ua ntej welding |
| Sib tsoo nrog carbon steel log | Embedded hlau (galvanic corrosion) | Siv cov hlau tsis muaj steel lossis cov log tshwj xeeb |
| Cold working >15% tsis muaj annealing | Cracking, txo ductility | Anneal tom qab hnyav ua haujlwm txias |
Code Requirements (ASME Section VIII Division 1):
| Parameter | Kev xav tau |
|---|---|
| Tso cai rau qhov kev ntxhov siab | ASME Tshooj II, Ntu D (Table 1A rau N08810) |
| Weld kev sib koom ua haujlwm | 1.0 rau tag nrho RT; 0.85 rau qhov chaw RT; 0.70 rau RT |
| PWHT kev zam | Txog li 25 hli thickness, tsis muaj PWHT yuav tsum tau (ib ASME) |
Cov ntsiab lus:ASTM B409 UNS N08810 phaj yog yooj yim fabricated thiab welded siv cov txheej txheem txheej txheem. Cov kev xav tau tseem ceeb suav nrog: siv ERNiCr-3 muab tub lim, rov qab ntxuav kom puv -kev nkag welds, tswj cov khoom siv hluav taws xob (10-20 kJ / hauv), thiab ntxuav / passivate tom qab vuam. PWHT tsis yog ib txwm xav tau. Kev tsim khoom tsim nyog khaws cia qhov kub-kub creep zog uas txawv N08810 los ntawm N08800.
