1. Alloys zoo li 4j29 (K94610) thiab 4j42 (K942 (K94100) Dab tsi yog cov cuab yeej ntawm lub cev uas txhais tau cov chav kawm no, thiab qhov tshwj xeeb me me ntawm tus cwj pwm?
Cov cuab yeej tseem ceeb uas txhais tau qhov tseeb xws li 4J29 thiab 4J42 yog lawv tus kheej nyob rau hauv {}} xaub los yog thermal expansion (CTE) ntau tshaj qhov ntsuas kub. Qhov no yog sib txawv radically los ntawm feem ntau cov hlau, uas nthuav dav txog thiab muaj ntau thaum ua kom sov.
Tus cwj pwm metallurgical tom qab no tus cwj pwm tshwj xeeb yog cov hauv kev nthuav dav ntawm cov invar édoub guillaume (uas nws yeej xyoo 1920 Nobel nqi zog hauv Physics). Qhov tshwm sim no tshwm sim hauv qee lub ntsej muag - Chaw Sau lo lus sau lo lo lus sau (FCC)
Lub tshuab: Hauv qhov nqaim sib xyaw ua ke nyob ib ncig ntawm 36% npib tsib xee, cov khoom sib npaug txo nrog kev nce qib. Qhov no tsim ib tug tiv thaiv kev quab yuam uas yuav luag zoo tshaj tawm cov kev ua kom muaj kev nthuav dav vim kub. Qhov tshwm sim yog qhov tseem tshuav seem uas muaj kev ruaj ntseg nruab nrab ntawm qhov ntsuas kub (feem ntau los ntawm txog li -50℃rau {}}} degree).
Alloy -} Daim Ntawv Thov Tshwj Xeeb:
4J36 (CONV32 (super invar): Cov no yog cov classic "}}}}}
4J29 (K94610, "Kovar"): Qhov no alloy yog engeted tsis yog rau ze {3 xoom} Cov iav uas meej heev uas muaj borosilicate iav thiab qee yam alumina ceramics. Qhov no yog tiav los ntawm kev ntxiv cobalt (~ 17%) rau Ni - Fe puag, uas hloov thiab tailors thiab tailors ntawm nkhaus.
4J42 (K94100): Cov alloy no yog tsim los muaj CTE uas yog cov khoom qab zib uas zoo nkauj thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob sib xyaw hauv cov leeg.
Yog li ntawd, cov no tsis yog "muaj zog" hauv kev nkag siab, tab sis "Smart" cov lus teb tau muab los ntawm lawv cov lus hais txog qhov kub thiab txias, ua kom cov khoom siv daws teeb meem.
2. Rau ib qho khoom siv ntawm 4j29 (Kovar) hlau siv hauv kev ua lag luam hauv lub pob hluav taws xob, yog dab tsi tseem ceeb "thiab" precision "uas txuas deb dhau ntawm kev siv tshuaj lom?
Nyob rau hauv cov ntsiab lus ntawm semiconductor ntim, "durability" thiab "precision" rau 4j29 xaim yog ua kom siab nrawm tawm thiab ntev} kev cia siab rau kev cia siab.
Tseem ceeb "Precision" cwj pwm:
Qhov ntev ntev: Cov hlau yuav tsum muaj ib qho tshwj xeeb uas hla nrog ultra {{0000} ± 0.000 in 0. lossis zoo dua). Kev sib txawv tuaj yeem ua rau jamming hauv cov tshuab pub tsheb lossis tsis sib xws hauv lub cim kawg.
CTE sib xws batch - -- batch nkhaus yuav tsum zoo ib yam li ntawm ib qho tom ntej thiab ib qho ntxiv mus rau lwm qhov. Inconenties tuaj yeem ua rau cov iav tawg lossis cov cim ceramic thaum lub caij cua sov ntawm cov ntaus ntawv tsim lossis ua haujlwm. Qhov no yuav tsum muaj kev tswj kom nruj dua cov piam sij tsib thiab cov ntsiab lus cob lub sijhawm thaum melting.
Nto tas thiab kev nyiam huv: Cov xaim hlau nto yuav tsum yog Ultra {{0} maj mam, dawb ntawm cov khawb, thiab oxide nplai. Qhov ntxhib saum npoo yuav ntxig cov kab mob tsis huv, engas hauv lub tshuab nqus tsev, lossis tsuas yog tsis pub noj tsau. Rau siab siab - Txoj Kev Ntseeg Mloog, cov hlau yuav muab nrog lub tshuab hluav taws xob.
Tseem ceeb "durability" rau:
Cov cuab yeej siv tshuab sib xws (TEMPERT): Cov hlau yuav tsum tau muab rau hauv qhov kev kub ntxhov thiab tsis muaj zog (piv txwv li, lossis lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav). Qhov no ua kom nruj ib ce puas yog khoov, tsim, thiab caij nplooj ntoos hlav - rov qab tus cwj pwm thaum lub sij hawm coj txheej txheem fabreation txheej txheem. Tsis sib haum hardness yuav ua rau deformed lossis misaligned pins.
Nto kev ncaj ncees rau kev khi lus: lub "durability" ntawm cov khoom kawg yog hais txog Hermetic Foob. Cov hlau yuav tsum pub dawb ntawm voids sab hauv lossis suav nrog uas tuaj yeem sib tham rau hauv cov kab tawg thaum lub khob txheej txheem. Cov xaim hluav taws xob yuav tsum tau tswj hwm, adherent saum npoo oxide uas yog cov tshuaj uas tau tshaj tawm nrog lub iav molten los ua ib qho muaj zog, ruaj ntseg.
Kuj rau "ntsuab rot" (xaiv oxidation): Qhov no yog qhov tsis muaj sij hawm rau Kovar. Yog tias muaj cua sov nyob hauv ib qho chaw muaj huab cua noo (thaj tsam npib), lub npib tsib xee thiab muab cov roj av uas tsis muaj zog, tawm ntawm cov hlau oxide. Lub chaw ntim khoom siv tau ntawm 4J29 hlau txhais tau cov chaw tsim tshuaj paus nkag siab thiab tswj qhov kev pheej hmoo no, feem ntau los ntawm kev kho kom zoo pre}} oxidation kev kho tau ua ntej xaim siv.
3. Los ntawm kev ua yeeb yam metallurgical, dab tsi yog qhov tseem ceeb txoj kev sib tw hauv kev kos duab "precision alloy"}}} cov nyom ntawm cov khoom ntiag tug?
Hloov pauv ib qho cam khwb cia ntawm lub ntsej muag precision alloy rau hauv kev nplua, hlau hlau yog ib cov txheej txheem tshwj xeeb. Thawj qhov kev sib tw yog kev tswj cov khoom siv tau txais qhov qis dua thiab nws ua haujlwm siab {{}} puas muaj qhov ua rau muaj cov khoom ntiag tug.
TSEEM NYEEM:
Kev ua haujlwm hnyav ua haujlwm hnyav thiab tsis zoo li tooj liab lossis npib tsib, cov hlau}} libalt alloys ua haujlwm- nws tsis tau sai heev. Lawv tuaj yeem ua brittle thiab tawg tom qab tsuas yog ib qho kev txo tus mob txias thaum kos duab.
Tswj cov qauv kev siv tub rog thiab cov kev sib cais ntawm cov qauv sib txawv (NI, FE) thaum lub sijhawm sib txawv ntawm CTE, rov qab siv lub hom phiaj hlau.
Tswjhwm kawg Microstructure: Cov khoom kawg yog ua tiav los ntawm kev kho cua sov tshwj xeeb. Yog hais tias tus txias {- Cov qauv xyaum ua haujlwm ntawm kev kos tsis yog tswj tau, cov khoom siv tom ntej no yuav tsis tau raws li cov lus tshwj xeeb.
Yuav ua li cas cov kev nyuaj no tau kov yeej:
Intermediate annealing Cycles: Tus txheej txheem hlau kos tsis tas mus li. Nws cuam tshuam nrog cov "kos - thiab - anneal" kauj ruam. The wire is drawn through a series of dies to a certain reduction in area (eg, 20-30%), then it must be fully recrystallization-annealed in a controlled atmosphere furnace. Qhov kev txhawb nqa qib no muag cov khoom los ntawm kev tsim cov qauv tshiab, qauv-dawb qauv, rov kho dua rau kev kos duab tom ntej. Lub voj voog no yuav rov qab ua dua ntau zaus kom ncav cuag lub ntsuas zoo kawg.
Cov txheej txheem nruj tswj tswj: Tag nrho cov txheej txheem, los ntawm lub nqus tsev melting melting (vim) ntawm kev kho kom sov, yog meticulously tswj. Lub sijhawm annealing thiab kub yog tseem ceeb -} tsawg heev thiab cov khoom tsis zoo nkauj; Siab heev thiab kev loj hlob dhau heev tshwm sim, uas tuaj yeem txwv ob qho tib si daim ntawv tsim kho thiab kev sib xws ntawm cov khoom nthuav dav.
Thaum kawg stabilizing anneal: tom qab pib ua zaum kawg kauj ruam, cov hlau undergoes ib qho "ruaj" lossis "xaj" aneal. Qhov kev kho cua sov no yog tsim los daws cov kev ntxhov siab uas muaj kev nyuaj siab thiab tsim kom muaj cov kev nthuav dav me me) uas muab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tsis txaus. Cov kauj ruam no yog dab tsi "locks hauv" cov khoom txhais cov cuab yeej.
4. Hauv cov ntsiab lus hauv ntiaj teb, tus tsim qauv yuav pom ob qho tib si Suav GB Txuj Ci "4J29" thiab tsis tau "K94610." Tshaj li kev tsim qauv, qhov kev paub tseeb thiab kev ua tau zoo thiab ua kom muaj kev hloov kho rau "K94610
Thaum lub alloys yog nominally sib npaug, kwv yees ncaj qha sib txig tsis muaj kev phom sij rau qhov kev pheej hmoo tseem ceeb rau kev thov tseem ceeb. Cov txheej txheem tsim nyog yog qhov tseem ceeb.
Cov Txheej Txheem Kev Qhia Rau Cov Ntaub Ntawv:
Cov ncauj lus kom ntxaws txog kev sib piv: ib kab -} {kab kev sib piv ntawm GB / T 15018 (Suav Teb) thiab Asmeskas cov qauv. Thaum NI, thiab Fe yuav zoo sib xws, qhov kev tso cai ua kom zoo li cov pa roj carbon, silwb, leej txiv neej, phosphorus, magnesium, thiab cov pa tawm tuaj yeem sib txawv. Cov ntsiab lus no muaj peev xwm cuam tshuam rau ductility, weldability, thiab qhov kev ruaj khov ntawm cov kev nthuav dav thermaliention.
Cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj ntawm cov khoom siv lub cev: Qhov tshwj xeeb rau CTE yuav tsum zoo ib yam. Qhov no yuav tsum tshuaj xyuas cov qauv xeem thiab qhov lees paub CTE uas hla qhov uas yuav tsum muaj. Ib tus qauv yuav qhia tau qhov nruab nrab ntawm 20-400 degree, thaum lwm tus siv tau 30-450 degree.
Microstruction thiab cov xim zoo: cov nplej loj yuav tsum tau thiab ua tiav cov qauv txheej txheem (kev ywj pheej los ntawm cov nqaws, khawb, thiab oxide tuab) yuav tsum sib npaug. Lub unic tsis tau ua raws li tus qauv Aerospace zoo li Ams 7714, uas imperoses stricter ndt thiab kev tswj hwm zoo.
Kev ntseeg tau zoo rau qhov tseeb:
Yuav tsum tau kuaj cov txheej txheem tsim khoom: Tus neeg xa khoom lag luam tsim khoom yuav tsum raug tshuaj xyuas. Puas yog cov khoom siv nqus tau meluction (vim) kom ntseeg tau homogeneity thiab cov txiaj ntsig roj tsawg? Puas yog anealing atmospheres kom tiv thaiv kom tsis txhob muaj kev paug lossis decarburization?
Daim ntawv pov thawj thiab muaj kev sib tw: Tus neeg muag khoom yuav tsum tau txais cov ntaub ntawv xeem ntawv (CMTT) uas tau raws li cov kev xav tau Western, muaj tag nrho cov traceability mus rau tus lej kub. Daim ntawv tshaj tawm yuav tsum suav nrog tsis yog kev siv tshuaj thiab cov neeg kho tshuab tab sis kuj ntsuas qhov tseeb CTE cov txiaj ntsig los ntawm kev muab ntau.
Ua ntej - Tshooj Kev Kuaj: Ua ntej ua haujlwm rau ntau lawm, thawj}}} Tshooj Tshooj yuav tsum raug ntsuas kom tau txais kev ntsuas txhua yam. Qhov no suav nrog:
Cov ntaub ntawv ywj siab ntawm CTE.
Metrology cov tshev ntawm txoj kab uas hla, ovality, thiab saum npoo tiav.
Kev ntsuas tus nqi thiab Ductility xeem (piv txwv li, khoov kev kuaj) kom ntseeg tau tias nws coj tus txheej txheem tsim khoom.
Ib qho kev sim ua ke qhov twg cov hlau siv los tsim lub khob - mo {1} Kev sim ua kom sov thiab}
5. Cov khoom siv ntawm cov alloys feem ntau los nrog kev xaiv zoo li "annealed" lossis "caij nplooj ntoos hlav temper." Rau tus kws ua haujlwm tsim kho lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav tseem ceeb hauv kev xaiv kho qhov muag tsis zoo, yog dab tsi?
Qhov kev xaiv ntawm temper yog kev txiav txim siab tseem ceeb ntawm kev txiav txim siab sib npaug ntawm kev fabrice tiv thaiv kev ua haujlwm zaum kawg.
Annealed Tem (muag muag):
Cov Khoom: Cov hlau yog nyob rau hauv nws cov muag muag, feem ntau lub xeev nrog lub zog qis thiab tawm lub zog. Nws tau tag nrho recrystallized.
Cov txiaj ntsig zoo: Zoo heev rau kev ua haujlwm hauv theem nrab. Nws tuaj yeem yooj yim khoov, coiled, los yog puab rau hauv cov ntsiab lus sib xws lossis cov ntaub ntawv tsis muaj lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav thiab tsis muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev tawg. Nws yog lub xeev nyiam rau kev fab ntaub ntxiv.
Qhov tsis zoo: Nws tsis muaj cov khoom siv hluav taws xob lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav. Ib feem ua los ntawm anealed xaim yuav deform nyob tas li nyob rau hauv ib tug heev load.
Caij nplooj ntoos hlav temper (nyuaj):
Cov Khoom: Cov xov hlau tau txias - Kos duab kom muaj kev txo qis hauv thaj chaw (piv txwv li, 50% lossis ntau dua) tsis muaj qhov ntxiv rov qab cov lus qhia ntxiv. Qhov no loj heev ua haujlwm- haj tensens cov ntaub ntawv, ua rau muaj lub zog siab heev thiab muaj txiaj ntsig zoo, thiab tseem ceeb elastic resilience.
Cov txiaj ntsig zoo: Nws muaj lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav zoo tshaj plaws: muaj zog zog rau kev thauj khoom {{}} Cov kabmob zoo, thiab lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav zoo- rov qab. Nws yog siv rau kev sib cuag lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav tiag tiag, hloov pauv, thiab cov khoom siv uas yuav tsum muaj lub zog lossis rov qab mus rau txoj haujlwm ncaj qha.
Qhov tsis zoo:
Nyuaj rau daim ntawv: nws yog ntau nyuaj rau coil lossis khoov tsis muaj cov khoom siv tshwj xeeb thiab muaj lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav}}} rov qab, ua kom zoo dua cov duab nyuaj.
Kev pheej hmoo ntawm anisotropy: kev ua haujlwm txias heev tuaj yeem ntxias cov teeb meem kev taw qhia. CTE lossis lwm yam khoom siv lub cev tej zaum yuav txawv me ntsis raws qhov ntev ntawm lub xaim piv rau nws lub cheeb.
Kev ntxhov siab so: nyob rau hauv ib tug tas mus li tauv tas li, txias {{{0} {ceev dua lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav ua los ntawm ib lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav- tawv allloy.
