1. Cov hlau twg yog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob uas tseem ceeb tshaj plaws rau superalalloys?
Nickel-raws li: feem ntau dav siv (piv txwv, hastelloy), vim muaj kev tshwj xeeb kub-kub lub zog, oxidation tsis kam, thiab ductilation. Nickel tus qauv Austenitic tso cai rau kev daws teeb meem ntxiv thiab muaj hnub nyoog los nag ntawm 'ntu (al, ti)) txog ~ 980 degree.
Cobalt-raws li: Feem ntau yog muaj txiaj ntsig rau kev coj tsis kam thiab ruaj khov nyob rau hauv corrosive ib puag ncig (piv txwv li ntawm cov ntsaws ruaj ruaj lossis kev cog phom). Cobalt alloys tswj lub hardness ntawm qhov kub thiab txias tab sis muaj qis dua creep tiv taus dua li nickel alloys.
Hlau-based: qhov tsawg tshaj plaws kim tab sis txwv kom txo qis-qhov kev siv kub (piv txwv li {{-286 rau cov dav hlau tso pa tawm). Iron's qis melting point (1,538 Qib VS. Nickel's 1,455 degree) txwv tsis pub siv saum toj no ~ 650 degree.
2. Dab tsi yog nyob rau hauv supalloy?
Puag hlau: Nickel, cobalt, lossis hlau (raws li saum toj no).
Ntxiv dag zog rau cov ntsiab lus:
Chromium (CR): Ua cov txheej oxide tiv thaiv (croo₃) kom tawm tsam oxidation thiab corrosion.
Molybdenum (mo) thiab tungsten (W): Cov-daws cov tshuaj tiv thaiv uas txhim kho los ntawm kev txo cov atomic diffusion.
Aluminium (AL) thiab titanium (ti): daim ntawv 'precipitates (ni₃ (al, ti)) nyob rau hauv npib tsib xee rau lub hnub nyoog tawv.
Niobium (NB): tsim '' (Ni₃nb) hauv alloys zoo li Incoycees 718 lossis Carbides (NBC) mus rau thaj tsam pin.
Stabilizing ntsiab:
TANTALUM (TA): Txhim kho kom muaj lub zog siab-ua kom muaj zog nyob rau hauv ib leeg-crystal alloys (piv txwv li CMSX {2}}).
Rhenium (re)
Lis Collectary Controllers:
Cov pa roj carbon (c): Cov ntaub ntawv carbides (piv txwv li, mc, mc ec, mc₆) rau ntxiv dag zog rau cov ciaj ciam tab sis yuav txo cov qauv sib zog yog tias muaj ntau dhau.
Boron (b) thiab zirconium (Zirconium (Zirconium (Zirconium (Cabirconium (Cegregate rau cov ciaj ciam nplej, txo cov intergranular tawg thaum nkag.
3. Puas yog Nickel-based supalloys kim?
Cov Khoom Siv Khoom Raw
Raug kev sib nraus:
Casting cov txheej txheem rau ib leeg-siv lead ua alloys (piv txwv li cov solidification) yuav tsum tau ua kom ntsuas kub thiab ntsuas kub tshwj xeeb.
Hmoov metallurgy (piv txwv li, rau rené 95) muaj feem cuam tshuam high-hillage compaction thiab kub iSostatic nias (duav), ntxiv rau cov nqi.
Machining yog nyuaj vim ua haujlwm-tawv thiab cov cuab yeej siv siab, nce kev ua haujlwm thiab kev siv hluav taws xob.
Daim ntawv thov tshwj xeeb: lawv tau ua kom haum rau Niche, muaj txiaj ntsig zoo cov chaw (piv txwv li cov xaim zis), cov khoom siv roj av uas tau tsav tsheb. Piv txwv li, ib lub dav hlau siv tshuab txhuam ua los ntawm CMSX {1}} yuav raug nqi kaum txhiab nyiaj.
4. Puas yog Nickel nyuaj dua li cov hlau?
Ntshiab Nickel: ~ 60-80 HV (vickers hardness), duterile thiab malleable.
Stainless hlau (piv txwv li, 304): ~ 150-200 hv hauv anealed daim ntawv, hardening mus ~ 300 hv ntawm kev ua haujlwm txias.
Nickel Superalloys:
Inconel 718 (Hnub nyoog): ~ 380-420 Hv, Vim '\/' 'nag lossis daus.
Waspaloy (siv rau hauv cov kab hlau turbine): ~ 350-380 HV, nrog lub zog tensile li 1,300 mpa.
Cobalt-raws stellite 6: ~ 300-400 hv, hardening ntxiv nrog hnav.
Cov Ntsiab Lus Tseem Ceeb: Kev ua alloying thiab kev kho cua sov txiav txim siab hardness. Thaum ntshiab npib softer, engineered superalloys ua tiav cov hardness piv rau lossis siab dua li high high zog sib piv (piv txwv li ultrasonic hlau, ~ 300 hv quenched thiab tempered).
5. Dab tsi yog qhov kev faib tawm ntawm superalloys?
Puag hlau (thawj kev faib tawm):
Nickel-based (piv txwv li, inconel 625, hastelloy c {2}})
Cobalt-based (piv txwv li, stellite 21, Hinnes 188)
Hlau-based (piv txwv li, -286}, Ferralium 255)
Txheej txheem tsim khoom:
Nrum alloys (piv txwv li, kev coj ua kom raug lossis ib leeg-siv lead ua rau turbine tuaj)
Wrought alloys (kub-dov lossis forged rau disks thiab shafts)
Hmoov metallurgy (PM) alloys (piv txwv li, rené 88dt rau high-zog fab)
Muaj zog zuj zus tshuab:
Nag lossis daus-tawv (piv txwv li, inconel 718, '\/' 'theem)
Khoom-daws lub zog (piv txwv li, inconel 600, CR \/ MO rau corrosion tsis kam)
Dispersion-ntxiv zog (piv txwv li, ma956, nrog al₂o₃ hais rau oxidation tsis kam)
Daim Ntawv Thov Txias:
Tsawg-kub superalloys (txog ~ 650 degree, piv txwv li, -286)
High-kub superalloys (txog ~ 1,100 degree, piv txwv li, cmsx {3}} rau combustors)
Kev lag luam Sector:
Aerospace (Turbine cav, tso lub tshuab kaw)
Lub zog tiam (roj turbines, nuclear reactors)
Tshuaj lom neeg (corrosion-resistant hlab)
Kev kho mob (Kev cog hniav, vim yog biocompatibility hauv qee cov alloys).
