C28000 tooj liab yog dab tsi

1. Kev siv ntau ntawm C28000 Brass

C28000, feem ntau hu ua"Muntz Hlau"los yog"Yellow Brass", yog ib lub siab -zinc tooj-zinc alloy (60% tooj liab, 40% zinc) cais raws li ib tugduplex tooj dag(alpha-beta theem microstructure). Nws qhov tshwj xeeb ua ke ntawm lub zog siab, kev ua haujlwm zoo heev, kev tiv thaiv corrosion zoo, thiab tus nqi -kev ua tau zoo ua rau nws nyiam cov khoom siv rau kev lag luam, architectural, thiab marine applications. Hauv qab no yog nws cov feem ntau siv thiab tseem ceeb:

1.1 Kev thov Marine & Coastal

Nkoj Hull Sheathing & Marine Hardware: Ib qho ntawm cov ntawv thov tseem ceeb ntawm C28000. Nws tiv taus cov dej ntsev corrosion, biofouling (tiv thaiv kev loj hlob ntawm barnacle), thiab lub zog txhua yam ua rau nws zoo tagnrho rau lub nkoj hull cladding, propeller shafts, rudders, thiab marine fasteners (bolts, ceev, washers). Tsis zoo li cov tooj liab ntshiab, nws cov ntsiab lus zinc ntau dua txhim kho lub zog yam tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam corrosion nyob rau hauv marine ib puag ncig.

Coastal Infrastructure: Siv nyob rau hauv ntug dej hiav txwv txuas hniav, piers, thiab offshore platform Cheebtsam (xws li, handrails, brackets, cable fittings). Nws tiv taus ntsev tsuag, av noo, thiab hloov pauv ntub - voj voog qhuav yam tsis muaj kev puas tsuaj loj.

Marine Piping & Valves: Fabricated rau hauv cov kav dej, li qub, thiab fittings rau seawater cooling systems, ballast tanks, thiab bilge systems. Nws machinability tso cai rau cov xov thiab sib dhos, thaum corrosion kuj ua kom ntev -lub sij hawm cia siab rau hauv dej ntsev.

1.2 Architectural & Kev tsim kho

Architectural Trim & Cladding: Ua hauj lwm hauv cov hniav trim, qhov rooj ncej, qhov rais sills, thiab lub tsev facades. C28000 lub ci golden- xim daj (thaum polished) thiab muaj peev xwm los tsim cov nplua nuj patina (xim av tsaus rau ntsuab -xim av) dhau sij hawm ntxiv cov txiaj ntsig zoo nkauj rau ob lub tsev keeb kwm thiab niaj hnub no. Nws kuj yog siv rau ru tsev panels nyob rau hauv ntug hiav txwv dej vim corrosion kuj.

Cov kav dej & Sanitary Fixtures: Siv nyob rau hauv vintage -style kav dej fixtures (xws li, faucets, da dej taub hau, yeeb nkab fittings) thiab kho kom zoo nkauj kho vajtse. Nws machinability enables intricate designs, thiab corrosion kuj rau potable dej ua rau nws haum rau tej thaj chaw thiab coj mus muag kav dej systems.

Cov Qauv Txheej Txheem: Siv tsis yog -load- cov kabmob cov khoom xws li cov tes tuav, cov ntaiv, thiab cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub. Nws lub zog -rau- qhov hnyav piv thiab formability pub rau cov duab kev cai thiab kev teeb tsa.

1.3 Muaj Machinery & Fabrication

Machined Parts & Cheebtsam: Dav siv rau lub zog, bushings, bearings, thiab valve stems nyob rau hauv industrial machinery. C28000's machinability zoo heev (nyob ntawm 80-90 ntawm cov tooj dag machinability nplai) tso cai rau siab - ceev txiav, drilling, thiab threading, txo cov sij hawm tsim khoom thiab cov nqi. Nws kuj pom zoo hnav tsis kam, ua rau nws haum rau cov khoom txav.

Thaum tshav kub kub Exchangers & Condenser: Siv nyob rau hauv qis - kub exchangers, condensers, thiab evaporators rau industrial tub yees thiab HVAC systems. Nws cov thermal conductivity (≈110 W / m·K) thiab corrosion kuj rau cov coolants (xws li, dej, glycol) ua kom muaj cua sov hloov thiab kav ntev.

Fasteners & Kho vajtse: Ua rau hauv cov ntsia hlau, bolts, txiv ntseej, thiab ntxhua khaub ncaws rau kev siv dav dav. Nws kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm lub zog, kev tiv thaiv corrosion, thiab kev ua haujlwm ua haujlwm ua rau nws tus nqi - siv tau zoo rau steel fasteners nyob rau hauv ib puag ncig corrosive.

1.4 Cov Khoom Siv Hluav Taws Xob & Hluav Taws Xob

Hluav taws xob Connectors & Terminals: Siv nyob rau hauv qis -voltage hluav taws xob connectors, terminals, thiab switchgear Cheebtsam. C28000's zoo hluav taws xob conductivity (≈25% IACS) thiab corrosion kuj ua kom ntseeg tau hluav taws xob tiv tauj, thaum nws cov machinability tso cai rau kev tsim khoom ntawm kev sib cuag.

Transformer Bushings & Insulators: Ua hauj lwm hauv transformer bushings thiab hluav taws xob insulators rau fais fab faib tshuab. Nws lub zog thiab tsis kam rau hluav taws xob arcing ua rau nws haum rau siab -voltage applications.

Electronic Enclosures & Hardware: Fabricated rau hauv enclosures, brackets, thiab hardware rau electronic devices. Nws tiv thaiv corrosion tiv thaiv cov khoom sab hauv los ntawm ib puag ncig kev puas tsuaj, thiab nws cov formability tso cai rau kev cai enclosure designs.

1.5 Lwm Daim Ntawv Thov

Cov phom phom: Keeb kwm siv rau cov mos txwv casings (li no lub npe "Cartridge Brass" rau zoo sib xws high-zinc brasses), tab sis niaj hnub casings feem ntau siv C26000 (70/30 tooj dag) rau siab dua ductility. C28000 tseem siv tau rau qee cov mos txwv tshwj xeeb thiab cov khoom siv phom loj.

Suab paj nruag: Siv rau hauv kev tsim cov cuab yeej tooj dag xws li trombones, trumpets, thiab tubas. Nws lub suab nrov, kev ua tau zoo, thiab kev tiv thaiv corrosion ua rau nws nyiam cov khoom siv rau lub tswb thiab li qub.

Automotive Cheebtsam: Siv nyob rau hauv tsheb radiator cores, roj kab, thiab nres fittings. Nws cov corrosion kuj mus rau lub tsheb cov kua (coolant, roj, roj) thiab txhua yam muaj zog ua rau nws haum rau hauv qab - daim ntaub ntawv hood.

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2. Specifications rau C28000 Brass

C28000 yog tswj los ntawmthoob ntiaj teb, regional, thiab lub teb chaws tus qauvuas txhais tau tias nws cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg, txhua yam khoom, qhov ntev kam rau ua, thiab cov qauv kev sim. Cov qauv kev tso cai tshaj plaws thiab dav siv tau yog raws li hauv qab no:

2.1 Cov Qauv Txheej Txheem Thoob Ntiaj Teb / Cheeb Tsam Tseem Ceeb

Standard Code	Standard Title	Muab Lub Cev	Ntsiab Scope & Requirements
ASTM B111/B111M	Standard Specification rau tooj liab-Zinc Alloy (Brass) Seamless Tubes	ASTM International (USA)	Txhais cov kev cai rau C28000 seamless raj siv hauv cov kav dej, dej hiav txwv, thiab kev lag luam. Cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb: - Chemical Composition: Cu 58.0–61.0%, Zn 39.0–42.0%, Pb Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug 0.07%, Fe Less dua lossis sib npaug 0.10%, Ni Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug 0.30%, lwm yam impurities Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug 0.30%. - Mechanical Properties (Annealed State): Tensile Strength=345–485 MPa, Yield Strength (0.2% Offset) Ntau dua lossis sib npaug li 125 MPa, Elongation (50 mm) Ntau dua lossis sib npaug li 30%. - Dimensional Tolerances: OD (Sab nraud txoj kab uas hla) ± 0.10 hli, phab ntsa thickness ± 0.05 hli. - Kev Ntsuas Cov Txheej Txheem: Tshuaj ntsuam xyuas ntawm qhov muag pom kev emission spectrometry (OES); Kev ntsuas tensile rau ASTM E8 / E8M; Kev kuaj dej hydrostatic.
ASTM B124 / B124M	Standard Specification rau tooj liab-Zinc Alloy (Brass) yeeb nkab, Standard Size	ASTM International (USA)	Npog C28000 seamless yeeb nkab rau dej, roj, thiab cov kav dej ua haujlwm. Cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb: - Tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg: Ib yam li ASTM B111/B111M. - Mechanical Properties: Tensile Strength Ntau dua lossis sib npaug li 310 MPa, Elongation Ntau dua lossis sib npaug li 25%. - Kev ntsuas siab: Raws li phab ntsa thickness thiab kub (ib ASME B31.3). - Tsis yog-Kev kuaj kev puas tsuaj: Ultrasonic tshuaj xyuas rau phab ntsa thickness uniformity; eddy tam sim no kuaj rau qhov tsis xws luag.
TS EN 12164: 2015	Copper thiab Copper Alloys - Seamless Tubes rau Hydraulic thiab Pneumatic Systems	European Committee rau Standardization (CEN)	Sib npaug rau C28000 (tsim raws li CuZn40, CW617N) hauv Europe. Cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb: - Chemical Composition: Cu 58.0–60.0%, Zn 40.0–42.0%, Pb Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 0.07%, Fe Less dua lossis sib npaug li 0.10%. - Mechanical Properties (Annealed): Tensile Strength 340–480 MPa, Elongation Ntau dua lossis sib npaug li 30%. - Ua raws li EU REACH thiab RoHS cov lus qhia.
TS EN 1962: 2021	Copper thiab Copper Alloys - Seamless Tubes rau Kev Siv Dej thiab Roj, Kev Siv Huv Huv thiab Cua Sov	European Committee rau Standardization (CEN)	Siv rau C28000 (CuZn40) raj rau cov kav dej thiab cua sov. Cov kev xav tau suav nrog kev ntsuas kev tiv thaiv corrosion (raws li EN 12168) thiab kev sib raug zoo nrog cov dej haus.

2.2 National Standards (Key Markets)

Tuam Tshoj (GB):

GB/T 5231-2012: C28000 yog sib npaug rau Suav qib H62 (Cu 60.5–63.5%, Zn 36.5–39.5%, Pb Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 0.08%).

GB / T 1527-2017: Npog C28000 / H62 seamless raj rau HVAC daim ntaub ntawv.

GB / T 18033-2022: Qhia meej qhov yuav tsum tau ua rau C28000 / H62 raj rau cov dej siv tau.

Nyiv (JIS):

JIS H3100: Copper thiab Copper Alloy Phaj, Sheets thiab Strips: C28000 yog sib npaug rau JIS C2800 (Cu 58.0–61.0%, Zn 39.0–42.0%, Pb Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 0.07%).

JIS H3300: Seamless Copper Tubes: Npog C28000 / C2800 raj rau marine, industrial, thiab architectural applications.

Lub teb chaws Yelemees (DIN):

DIN EN 12164: 2015 (tau txais los ntawm CEN): Tswj C28000 (CuZn40, CW617N) raj rau hydraulic thiab pneumatic systems.

DIN EN 1962: 2021: Siv rau C28000 raj rau cov kav dej thiab cua sov, nrog rau cov kev cai zoo ib yam rau EN 1962.

2.3 Cov Lus Qhia Tseem Ceeb rau C28000

Tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg: 60/40 Cu-Zn piv yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev tsim cov alpha-beta duplex microstructure, uas sib npaug zog thiab machinability. Cov impurities xws li txhuas (Less tshaj los yog sib npaug rau 0.07%), hlau (Less tshaj los yog sib npaug rau 0.10%), thiab npib tsib xee (tsawg tshaj los yog sib npaug rau 0.30%) yog nruj me ntsis txwv tsis pub kom tsis txhob muaj corrosion kuj los yog ua rau brittleness.

Mechanical Properties (Tswj Annealed State):

Tensile zog: 345-485 MPa

Yield Strength (0.2% Offset): Ntau dua lossis sib npaug rau 125 MPa

Elongation (50 mm): Ntau dua lossis sib npaug li 30%

Hardness (HB): 100-140