1. Kev lag luam tsim hluav taws xob yog qhov xav tau heev. Rau qhov tshwj xeeb siab - kub, siab - cov ntawv thov siab yog ASTM B514 Incoloy 800H Welded Pipe tshwj xeeb tsim thiab tsim nyog?
ASTM B514 Incoloy 800H (UNS N08810) welded yeeb nkab yog tsim los rau loj - txoj kab uas hla, siab - siab, siab - cov kav dej kub hauv lub zog tsim hluav taws xob uas cov yeeb nkab seamless yog tsis muaj nyob rau hauv qhov yuav tsum tau muaj qhov loj me lossis kev lag luam txwv, tab sis kev ua haujlwm tsis tuaj yeem cuam tshuam. Nws tsim thiab tsim nyog yog tsom rau ntawm "sib npaug- ntawm- tsob nroj" (BOP) cov tshuab hauv cov tshuab hluav taws xob thermal siab heev.
Daim ntawv thov tseem ceeb Power Generation:
Main Steam & Kub Reheat Piping: Nyob rau hauv supercritical thiab ultra-supercritical (USC) thee- hluav taws xob fais fab nroj tsuag, chav kub tuaj yeem tshaj 593℃(1100℃F) thiab siab tshaj 24 MPa (3500 psi). Incoloy 800H muaj kev nkag siab zoo zog thiab oxidation tsis kam piv rau cov qauv ferritic lossis austenitic steels hauv qhov ntsuas kub tseem ceeb (593-760℃/ 1100-1400℃F). B514 welded yeeb nkab tso cai rau cov fabrication ntawm loj-inch headers thiab manifolds uas khiav no superheated chav los ntawm lub boiler mus rau lub high-pressure turbine.
Advanced Heat Recovery Steam Generator (HRSG) Piping in Combined Cycle Plants: Niaj hnub nimno HRSGs hauv cov roj turbine ua ke -cycle (GTCC) cov nroj tsuag ua haujlwm ntawm qhov kub thiab txias los txhawb kev ua haujlwm. Lub siab -siab evaporator thiab superheater seem, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv thawj (kub) kab uas tig mus rau cov roj turbine tso, tej zaum yuav siv Incoloy 800H welded yeeb nkab rau nws muaj peev xwm tiv taus kub kub thiab thermal qaug zog los ntawm nquag caij tsheb kauj vab (pib-ups thiab kaw- downs).
Steam Bypass thiab Attemperator Kab: Cov kev nyab xeeb thiab kev tswj xyuas tseem ceeb no ua rau lub zog ntawm lossis ze rau qhov chaw tseem ceeb ntawm chav dej thiab raug rau thermal shock. Qhov siab - qhov kub thiab txias ntawm Incoloy 800H ua rau nws haum rau cov kev pabcuam uas xav tau.
Advanced Nuclear Power Systems: Hauv qee qhov tsim qauv IV reactor, xws li dej supercritical -cooled reactors (SCWRs) lossis siab -kub roj-cooled reactors (HTGRs), Incoloy 800H yog cov khoom sib tw rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob nruab nrab ntawm cov hluav taws xob sib txuas thiab cov khoom sib txuas hauv qab no.
Vim li cas Welded (B514) vs. Seamless: Rau cov kav loj - txoj kab uas hla (piv txwv li, NPS 24 thiab siab dua) xav tau rau cov kab tseem ceeb, seamless manufacturing tsis ua tau lossis kim heev. ASTM B514 tswj kev tsim cov welded yeeb nkab los ntawm phaj lossis ntawv, uas yog tom qab ntawd cov tshuaj annealed thiab txias ua haujlwm (yog tias tau teev tseg) kom ua tiav cov khoom mus txog cov khoom seamless. Qhov no muab ib tug nqi -zoo thiab technically suab tov rau loj - nplai, siab{11}} zog piping systems.
2. ASTM B514 yog tus qauv tshwj xeeb rau "welded, unannealed" corrosion-resistant nickel alloy yeeb nkab. Dab tsi yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov cuab yeej cuab tam thiab qhov yuav tsum tau muaj nyob rau ntawm Incoloy 800H yeeb nkab, thiab lawv txawv li cas ntawm cov yeeb nkab seamless zoo li ASTM B407?
ASTM B514, 1.Standard Specification rau Welded, Unannealed Nickel thiab Nickel -Alloy yeeb nkab, yog txawv los ntawm cov specifications rau annealed seamless los yog welded -annealed yeeb nkab. Nws lub hom phiaj yog raws li -welded, txias- cov yeeb nkab ua haujlwm rau siab - siv zog.
Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm ASTM B514 rau Incoloy 800H:
Qhov xwm txheej: Cov yeeb nkab tau muab rau hauv qhov "raws li-welded" mob. Lub vuam thiab lub hauv paus hlau tsis yog tshuaj annealed tom qab qhov kawg kev sib sau thiab vuam ua haujlwm. Qhov no yog qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb.
Kev Ua Haujlwm Txias: Yuav kom ua tiav lub zog xav tau, cov yeeb nkab yuav raug txo qis (txias ua haujlwm txias) ntawm cov vuam thiab lub hauv paus hlau tom qab vuam. Tus qauv qhia txog qhov txo qis qis qis ntawm 10% ntawm phab ntsa thickness. Qhov kev ua haujlwm txias no ua rau muaj txiaj ntsig zoo thiab ua kom lub zog tensile.
Mechanical Properties (Rau Incoloy 800H ib B514):
Tensile Strength: Ntau dua lossis sib npaug rau 655 MPa (95 ksi)
Yield Strength (0.2% Offset): Ntau dua lossis sib npaug rau 310 MPa (45 ksi)
Cov txiaj ntsig no muaj txiaj ntsig ntau dua li qhov mob annealed (piv txwv li, hauv B407, annealed 800H yield zog yog feem ntau ~ 207 MPa / 30 ksi). Lub zog siab no nyob rau hauv raws li -welded, txias- lub xeev ua haujlwm yog thawj qhov laj thawj rau xaiv B514 yeeb nkab.
Kev sib piv nrog Seamless Specification ASTM B407:
| Yam | ASTM B514 (Welded, Unannealed, Txias Ua Haujlwm) | ASTM B407 (Seamless, Annealed) |
|---|---|---|
| Cov xwm txheej tseem ceeb | Raws li -welded + Txias ua haujlwm. Tsis annealed. | Cov tshuaj annealed rau ib coarse grain qauv (rau 800H). |
| Lub Hom Phiaj | Lub zog siab nyob rau hauv raws li -muab lub xeev rau loj - txoj kab uas hla cov yeeb nkab. | Optimized siab -kub creep zog thiab corrosion kuj. |
| Yield zog | Siab (Ntau dua lossis sib npaug rau 310 MPa). Ua los ntawm kev ua haujlwm txias. | Tsawg (~ 207 MPa). Optimized rau creep, tsis chav - kub tawm los. |
| Siab -Temp Creep Strength | Qhov txias- qauv ua haujlwm tsis ruaj khov ntawm qhov kub thiab txias. Nws yuav recrystallize thiab soften thaum raug rau qhov kev pab cuam kub, nws thiaj li mus txog cov khoom annealed. Thawj lub zog siab yog rau kev tuav / kev tsim kho. | Lub annealed, ntxhib- cov qauv nplej yog ruaj khov thiab tsim tau meej meej rau ntev - lub sij hawm nkag siab ntawm qhov kub thiab txias. Qhov no yog nws cov cuab yeej engineering tseem ceeb. |
| Kev tshuaj xyuas Weld | Yuav tsum tau nruj me ntsis kev ntsuam xyuas ntawm qhov ntev weld seam (ib B514). | Tsis muaj longitudinal weld seam los soj ntsuam. |
| Noob Noob Noob | Tsis xav tau rau coarse grain loj. | Qhov yuav tsum tau ua rau ASTM Tsis muaj . 5 lossis coarser grain loj rau 800H. |
Crucial Engineering Note: The high yield strength of B514 pipe is beneficial for handling, fabrication, and supporting the pipe during construction before it goes into hot service. Once in service at high temperature (e.g., >600 degree), qhov txias - ua hauj lwm qauv yuav thermally rov qab. Yog li ntawd, tsim kom muaj siab -kub creep yuav tsum yog raws li cov khoom siv annealed (xws li, los ntawm ASME Tshooj II, Ntu D rau SA-376 los yog zoo sib xws), tsis yog nyob rau hauv chav tsev kub yield zog los ntawm B514 xeem daim ntawv qhia.
3. Hauv kev tsim kho hluav taws xob, qhov ntev weld seam yog qhov taw qhia rau kev ruaj ntseg zoo. Dab tsi tshwj xeeb weld geometry, txheej txheem, thiab tsis yog -kev kuaj xyuas puas tsuaj (NDE) yuav tsum tau ua ASTM B514 txoj cai los xyuas kom meej qhov ncaj ncees ntawm Incoloy 800H welded yeeb nkab?
Muab hais tias cov yeeb nkab yog siv nyob rau hauv siab - zog tshuab, kev ncaj ncees ntawm longitudinal weld seam yog qhov tseem ceeb. ASTM B514 tswj nruj tswj los ntawm vuam los ntawm kev tshuaj xyuas.
Weld Geometry thiab Txheej Txheem:
Vuam txheej txheem: Lub longitudinal seam feem ntau yog ua los ntawm cov txheej txheem vuam tsis siv neeg uas ua kom zoo sib xws. Cov txheej txheem muaj xws li:
Gas Tungsten Arc Vuam (GTAW) rau hauv paus hla, feem ntau ua raws li ...
Gas Hlau Arc Vuam (GMAW) los yog Submerged Arc Vuam (SAW) rau sau thiab hau hla. Kev siv SAW yog ib txwm siv rau tuab - cov yeeb nkab fais fab phab ntsa.
Filler Hlau: Yuav tsum yog cov muaj pes tsawg leeg tsim nyog rau kev tsim cov hlau uas ua tau raws li cov cuab yeej cuab tam ntawm cov lus qhia. Rau Incoloy 800H, qhov no feem ntau yog npib tsib xee zoo sib xws -chromium- hlau muab tub lim (piv txwv li, ERNiFeCr-1).
Weld Reinforcement: Tus qauv tso cai rau kev txhim kho vuam (ob sab hauv thiab sab nraud) tab sis txwv nws qhov siab kom ntseeg tau tias kev hloov pauv tau zoo thiab pab txhawb NDE. Lub weld yuav tsum tsis muaj kab nrib pleb, tsis muaj fusion, thiab ntau dhau undercut.
Yuav Tsum Ua Tsis Tau -Kev Ntsuam Xyuas Kev Puas Tsuaj (NDE) rau ASTM B514:
Cov lus qhia tshwj xeeb yuav tsum tau 100% kev tshuaj xyuas tsis zoo ntawm qhov ntev weld seam. Cov txheej txheem tso cai thiab lawv cov sequences raug txiav txim siab nruj:
Radiographic Examination (RT): Qhov no yog thawj thiab yuav tsum xeem txoj hauv kev.
Txuj: Ua raws li ASTM E94 (Cov Lus Qhia rau Kev Tshawb Fawb Radiographic) thiab ASTM E142 (Txoj Kev Tswjhwm Zoo ntawm Radiographic Testing).
Kev lees txais: Cov kev tsis zoo raug soj ntsuam rau ASTM E390,Siv cov duab hluav taws xob rau Steel Fusion Welds. Rau qhov siab - daim ntawv thov kev ncaj ncees, qib kev lees paub feem ntau yog nruj heev (piv txwv li, Qib B, Chav Kawm 2 lossis nruj dua raws li tus neeg yuav khoom tau teev tseg).
Kev kuaj ntxiv Eddy Tam sim no: B514 xav kom, ntxiv rau kev kuaj hluav taws xob, qhov chaw vuam yuav raug tshuaj xyuas los ntawm txoj kev eddy tam sim no.
Lub hom phiaj: Qhov no feem ntau yog txhawm rau txheeb xyuas qhov chaw thiab nyob ze ntawm - qhov chaw ntawm qhov chaw (xws li cov kab nrib pleb lossis cov seams) uas tej zaum yuav tsis yooj yim daws los ntawm cov duab hluav taws xob.
Txheej Txheem: Ua raws li cov txheej txheem ntxaws tau pom zoo los ntawm cov chaw tsim khoom thiab cov neeg yuav khoom.
Alternative/Additional NDE: Tus neeg yuav khoom yuav qhia kom meej ntxiv, xws li:
Liquid Penetrant Testing (PT): Raws li ASTM E165, ntawm lub hau vuam thiab cov hauv paus hniav kom pom qhov chaw - tawg qhov tsis xws luag.
Ultrasonic Testing (UT): Ib ASTM E273 (Kev Xyaum rau Ultrasonic Testing Longitudinal Welded Pipe and Tube) los yog ASTM E317 (Siv rau Kev Ntsuam Xyuas Kev Ua Tau Zoo ntawm Pulse - Echo Ultrasonic Testing Systems), tuaj yeem teev rau kev tshawb pom zoo dua ntawm cov yeeb nkab tsis xws luag.
Cov ntaub ntawv: Cov ntaub ntawv teev tseg ntawm tag nrho cov txiaj ntsig NDE, suav nrog cov ntawv xov tooj cua thiab cov ntawv ntsuam xyuas, ua ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj pob rau txhua qhov ntev ntawm cov yeeb nkab.
4. Rau siab - qhov kub thiab txias kev pab cuam nyob rau hauv fais fab nroj tsuag, qhov kev ua tau zoo ntawm txias - ua hauj lwm li cas, raws li -welded ASTM B514 yeeb nkab hloov zuj zus thaum lub sij hawm kev pab cuam, thiab dab tsi yog qhov tseem ceeb rau nws txoj kev tsim, kev txhawb nqa, thiab thermal cycling?
Nkag siab txog kev hloov pauv ntawm metallurgical evolution ntawm txias- ua haujlwm Incoloy 800H thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev nyab xeeb thiab txhim khu kev qha system tsim. Nws tus cwj pwm tsis zoo li qub.
Kev Ua Haujlwm Evolution Thaum Ua Haujlwm:
Thermal Recovery and Recrystallization: When B514 pipe (in the cold-worked, as-welded condition) is placed into high-temperature service (>600℃/ 1112℃F), qhov txias - ua haujlwm, strained microstructure yog thermodynamically tsis ruaj khov.
Cov khoom yuav raug rov qab los, recrystallization, thiab kev loj hlob ntawm cov nplej thaum lub sijhawm. Cov txheej txheem no txo cov kev ntxhov siab sab hauv los ntawm kev ua haujlwm txias thiab txo qis qhov ntom ntom.
Qhov tshwm sim: Lub chav - qhov kub thiab txias tawm los thiab lub zog tensile yuav txo qis, thaum kawg mus txog cov khoom ntawm cov tshuaj - cov khoom siv annealed. Lub ductility yuav nce.
Qhov cuam tshuam rau Kev Tsim: Qhov softening no txhais tau hais tias qhov pib siab tshaj tawm lub zog los ntawm B514 daim ntawv ntsuam xyuas TSIS TAU siv tau ntev - lub sij hawm, siab - kub tsim. Tus kws tsim qauv tsim qauv yuav tsum siv cov txiaj ntsig kev ntxhov siab uas tso cai (S-cov nqi) rau cov khoom ntim Incoloy 800H raws li teev nyob rau hauv ASME Boiler thiab Pressure Vessel Code, Tshooj II, Ntu D (xws li, rau specification SA-376 los yog sib npaug). Cov S-cov nqi no yog muab los ntawm cov creep- tawg thiab tensile lub zog ntawm cov khoom annealed, coarse-grained.
Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm qhov system tsim & kev txiav txim siab ua haujlwm:
Kev Txhawb Kev Tsim: Cov yeeb nkab txhawb nqa, hangers, thiab anchors yuav tsum tau tsim los txiav txim siab txog ob theem sib txawv:
Kev Tsim Kho / Txias Txias: Cov yeeb nkab muaj lub zog ua kom muaj zog thiab tuaj yeem pom tsawg dua sag.
Kev Ua Haujlwm Kub Kub: Cov yeeb nkab tau muag muag. Kev txhawb nqa yuav tsum tau tsim los nqa qhov hnyav ntawm cov yeeb nkab, rwb thaiv tsev, thiab cov ntsiab lus nrog qis, annealed modulus ntawm elasticity thiab lub zog zog. Lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav hangers tsim nyog yog qhov tseem ceeb los tswj kev hloov chaw.
Thermal Cycling and Fatigue: Fais fab nroj tsuag, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov uas siv rau load-raws li los yog ua ke- lub voj voog lub luag hauj lwm, muaj ntau zaus thermal cycles. Cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb suav nrog:
Stress Relaxation: Thaum lub sij hawm tuav ntawm qhov kub thiab txias, kev ntxhov siab hauv cov txheej txheem kev txwv yuav so vim muaj kev nkag siab, uas tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau kev faib khoom ntawm kev txhawb nqa.
Thermal Fatigue: Cyclic stresses los ntawm expansion/contraction yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo soj ntsuam. Qhov kawg, recrystallized grain qauv ntawm cov yeeb nkab yuav cuam tshuam nws lub neej thermal qaug zog.
Weld Procedure Qualifications (WPQ): Txhua qhov chaw welds (lub taub qab welds koom nrog cov yeeb nkab ntu) yuav tsum tau ua raws li cov txheej txheem tsim nyog ntawm cov khoom siv annealed, tsis txias - cov khoom ua haujlwm. Cov txheej txheem yuav tsum ua kom pom tau tias cov vuam thiab HAZ ua tiav cov khoom sib npaug ntawm cov hlau nplaum tom qab ib qho kev tshaj tawm -weld heat treatment.
System Hydrotest: Qhov system hydrostatic test yog ua nyob rau hauv chav tsev kub. Kev ntsuas siab yog nyob ntawm qhov txias, tso cai rau kev ntxhov siab. Lub siab pib lub zog ntawm cov yeeb nkab B514 muab qhov kev nyab xeeb zoo ntawm qhov kev sim no, tab sis lub siab tseem yuav tsum tau tswj kom tsis txhob muaj kev ntxhov siab rau lwm cov khoom hauv lub cev (flanges, li qub) tsis ua los ntawm cov khoom txias - ua haujlwm.
5. Dab tsi yog cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj tiav thiab cov cim cim rau ASTM B514 Incoloy 800H yeeb nkab, thiab cov ntaub ntawv no ua ke nrog ASME Boiler Code qhov yuav tsum tau ua li cas (xws li SA-376) rau kev tsim hluav taws xob?
Rau cov cai- tswj hwm kev tsim kho hluav taws xob, cov khoom siv traceability thiab ntawv pov thawj raug cai. ASTM B514 muab cov khoom specification, thaum ASME muab cov qauv tsim thiab kev tsim kho.
ASTM B514 Daim Ntawv Pov Thawj & Kos Npe:
Mill Test Certificate (MTC): Cov chaw tsim khoom yuav tsum muab daim ntawv pov thawj uas suav nrog:
Thaum tshav kub kub (melt) tshuaj ntsuam xyuas rau tag nrho cov ntsiab lus.
Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm tag nrho cov kev ntsuas yuav tsum tau siv tshuab (tensile, flattening) ntawm cov yeeb nkab tiav.
Nqe lus hais txog qhov tsawg kawg nkaus txo qhov txias.
Nqe lus hais tias cov weld raug tshuaj xyuas raws li tus qauv (RT + Eddy Tam sim no), nrog rau cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov txiaj ntsig.
Cov yeeb nkab qhov ntev thiab qhov ntev.
Kev qhia tshwj xeeb (ASTM B514, UNS N08810).
Thaum tshav kub kub naj npawb thiab cov neeg tsim khoom qhia.
Daim Ntawv Pom Zoo: Txhua qhov ntev ntawm cov yeeb nkab yuav tsum tau stenciled lossis stamped nrog:
Tus neeg tsim khoom lub npe lossis lub cim lag luam.
Specification (B514).
Qib (800H) lossis UNS tus lej (N08810).
Kub naj npawb.
Loj (NPS thiab lub sij hawm los yog phab ntsa thickness).
Cov cim no tso cai rau kev taug qab lub cev thoob plaws hauv cov khoom siv thiab mus rau qhov chaw tsim kho.
Kev koom ua ke nrog ASME Boiler & Pressure Vessel Code:
Rau lub tshuab hluav taws xob tsim rau ASME Code, ASTM cov khoom siv tshwj xeeb feem ntau tau txais los ntawm ASME nrog "SA" ua ntej.
ASME Specification: SA-376 yog ASME tsim rauSeamless Austenitic Steel Pipe rau High -Tub Kub Central- Chaw Nres Tsheb. Thaum SA-376 feem ntau npog cov yeeb nkab seamless, nws Table 1 teev cov khoom siv thiab tshuaj lom neeg rau ntau qib, suav nrog UNS N08810 (800H). Qhov tseem ceeb, SA-376 npog cov yeeb nkab hauv qhov mob annealed.
Kev Kho Kom Zoo: Ib cov yeeb nkab uas tsim los rau ASTM B514 (welded, unannealed, txias- ua haujlwm) tuaj yeem siv rau hauv ASME Code Tshooj I fais fab boiler yog tias nws ua tau raws li cov hauv qab no:
Nws tau txiav txim thiab lees paub rau B514.
Nws cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg ua tau raws li cov cai ntawm SA-376 rau UNS N08810.
Nws qhov siab - qhov ntsuas kub uas tso cai rau kev ntxhov siab yog coj los ntawm ASME Tshooj II, Ntu D rau SA-376/800H (cov khoom siv annealed).
Tag nrho cov vuam (ob lub zeb longitudinal seam thiab teb girth seams) yog ua raws li ASME Tshooj IX.
Tus fabricator/installer muab cov ntaub ntawv qhia cov khoom ua raws li tus qauv tsim, uas hu rau SA-376/800H cov khoom.
Daim Ntawv Qhia Txog Cov Khoom Siv Certified (CMTR) rau B514 yeeb nkab tau dhau los ua ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm Daim Ntawv Qhia Cov Ntaub Ntawv rau lub boiler lossis lub nkoj siab, ua kom pom tias tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv ua tau raws li lub hom phiaj ntawm Txoj Cai. Kev kos npe ntawm cov yeeb nkab tso cai rau Tus Neeg Saib Xyuas Kev Tso Cai (AI) los txheeb xyuas cov khoom tawm tsam cov ntaub ntawv. Qhov kev sib koom ua ke no ua kom ntseeg tau tias txawm tias cov khoom siv welded zoo li B514 yeeb nkab tau tuav kom zoo tib yam - rau - cov qauv kev pabcuam raws li cov yeeb nkab seamless hauv qhov chaw tsim kho zaum kawg.
