Nickel, tooj liab, thiab tooj-cov npib tsib xee yog qhov sib xyaw, cov khoom, thiab cov ntawv thov, tab sis lawv sib npaug qee cov ntaub ntawv metallic.
1. Muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab cov txiaj ntsig tshwm sim
Cov tshuaj lom neeg lub cev (atomic tooj 28) cais raws li kev hloov tsheb hlau. Nws yog silvery-dawb, lus hais, thiab ib txwm tshwm sim hauv ores zoo li pentlandite thiab tom qab. Nickel feem ntau pom nrog hlau thiab leej faj hauv cov zaub mov.
Ntshiab npib tsib xee yog cibe, sib nqus, thiab tiv taus zoo heev rau kev xeb, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob hauv ib puag ncig alkaline.
Kev siv tshuaj lom neeg (atomic naj npawb 29), tus kab liab-xim av uas paub txog nws cov hluav taws xob zoo thiab thermal. Nws tshwm sim ib txwm nyob rau hauv ores zoo li chalcopyrite thiab malachite.
Ntshuam ntshiab yog mos, malleable, tooj ntsuab patina (tooj liab oxide) thaum raug cua, uas tiv thaiv nws los ntawm kev xeb ntxiv.
Ib qho kev daws teeb meem zoo li tooj liab thiab npib tsib xee, feem ntau nrog cov khoom me me xws li hlau, manganese, lossis zinc kom txhim kho cov khoom tshwj xeeb. Cov kev sib piv xws li cu -10 ni, cu -20 ni-cu alloy nrog cov ntsiab lus nickel ntau dua).
Lub alloy ua ke rau corrosion tsis kam ntawm npib tsib xee nrog tooj liab lub ductility thiab thermal conductivity.
2. Neeg kho tshuab thiab lub cev muaj zog
Lub zog: High tensile lub zog (≈400-600 MPa) thiab ua kom zoo, ua kom haum rau kev siv ntxhov siab ntau.
Melting taw tes: 1,455 degree (2,651 degree f), uas yog siab dua tooj liab.
Magnetism: Ferromagnetic ntawm chav tsev kub (loses Magnetism saum toj 354 degree, nws txoj kev cai curie).
Corrosion Kuj: Ua rau oxidation nyob rau hauv huab cua thiab yog inert rau ntau cov acids (tshwj tsis yog nitric acid).
Lub zog: softer tshaj li npib tsib xee (tensile muaj zog ≈220-250 MPa hauv daim ntshiab), tab sis nws lub ductility tso cai yooj yim tsim thiab xaim.
Melting taw tes: 1,085 degree (1,985 degree f), qis dua li npib tsib.
Conduction: Ib qho ntawm cov hluav taws xob zoo tshaj plaws (59.6 × 10 teev (401 w \/ m k · k), thib ob tsuas yog nyiaj.
Corrosion Kuj: Ua cov txheej oxide tiv thaiv hauv huab cua, tab sis yog kev raug mob rau corrosion hauv cov acidic lossis ammonia-nplua nuj.
Lub zog: tensile lub zog sib txawv sib txawv nrog cov ntsiab lus npib tsib xee (piv txwv li} ni muaj ≈450-550 mpa), sib txuas nrog tooj liab lub zog.
Melting taw tes: ntawm tooj liab thiab npib tsib xee (piv txwv li, cu -10 ni melts nyob ib ncig 1,200-1,250 degree), nyob ntawm alloy piv.
Conductivity: qis dua li ntshiab tooj liab (piv txwv li ntshiab tooj liab (piv txwv li, cu -30 ni muaj hluav taws xob conduction ~ 10% ntawm tooj liab) tab sis siab dua ntau tus hlau.
Corrosion Kuj: Cov kev zam tshwj xeeb rau dej hiav txwv, ntsev tsuag tsuag, thiab tshuaj lom neeg, nyob deb dawb huv tib leeg. Cov alloy cov ntaub ntawv ib qho ruaj khov, tsis xeb oxide txheej uas tiv thaiv kev ua kom tsis pom zoo.
3. Corrosion Cwj Pwm
Zoo dua corrosion tsis kam nyob rau hauv seaterater, ua rau nws zoo tagnrho rau cov ntawv thov marine. Lub alloy tiv thaiv biofouling (Organism Txuas) thiab pitting, tsis zoo li ntau yam hlau.
Nyob rau hauv noo lossis muaj cov cua nab kuab, nws tsim oxide oxide zoo sib xws li tooj liab tab sis ntau ruaj, tiv thaiv kev nkag mus tob.
4. Kev thov
Alloying Tus Neeg Sawv Cev: Siv nyob rau hauv stainless hlau (piv txwv li, 304, 316), superalalloys rau turbines, thiab ni-cu alloys (Monel).
Electroplating: rau kev ua kom zoo nkauj lossis tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv ntawm cov hlau.
Roj teeb: npib tsib xee-cadmium (Ni-CD) thiab npib tsib xee-hlau hydride (NI-MH) roj teeb.
Tshuaj lom neeg: khoom siv rau kev tswj cov tshuaj corrosive.
Hluav Taws Xob Cov Tshuab Hluav Taws Xob: Cov Hluav Taws Xob, Cov Hloov, thiab thiab tus neeg coj vim kev ua haujlwm siab.
Yais dej: Cov kav dej thiab cov fittings rau dej xa tawm.
Thaum tshav kub hloov: radiators, kev hloov cua sov, thiab cua txias chev.
Daim duab thiab Architecture: Cov ntsiab lus, vov tsev, thiab hniav zoo nkauj (vim yog PATINE tsim).
Marine Engineering: Nkoj Hulls, Cov Toos, Cov Kav Dej Dej, Thiab Cov Kws Khwv Dej (Ua kom tsis taus ntsev corrosion).
Muaj cov khoom siv: kev hloov pauv cua sov hauv cov nroj tsuag tshuaj lom neeg, kev xav tau zoo, thiab cov pa hluav taws.
Cheebtsam hluav taws xob: corrosion-resistant constors thiab seem nyob rau hauv cov chaw hnyav.
Kev Khib Nyib: Ib co npib (piv txwv li, Asmeskas npib tsib leeg, tab sis niaj hnub no peb cov leeg npib yog tooj liab plated zinc).
5. Tus nqi thiab muaj
Nickel: kim dua li tooj liab vim muaj cov txiaj ntsig zoo nkauj thiab cov txheej txheem nyuaj, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau qib siab.
Tooj liab: Muaj ntau nplua mias thiab pheej yig dua li npib tsib xee, ua rau nws dav siv nyob rau hauv daim ntawv thov them qis.
Tooj liab-tsibickel: tus nqi siab dua li cov tooj liab ntshiab tab sis pheej yig dua li cov monels, nrog cov ntsiab lus npib tsib xee (siab dua {2}} tus nqi siab dua).
