Cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab cov ntsiab lus ntawm tooj dag

1.Dab tsi yog cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab cov ntsiab lus ntawm tooj dag?

Brass yog ibbinary alloyFeem ntau yog tsim los ntawm tooj liab (Cu) thiab zinc (Zn), nrog rau kev xaiv kab lus los txhim kho cov khoom tshwj xeeb. Nws cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg sib txawv raws li qib alloy (piv txwv li, dawb- txiav tooj dag, naval tooj dag, siab- zog tooj dag), tab sis cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ua raws li cov lus qhia dav dav:

Cov Ntsiab Lus Tseem Ceeb (los ntawm Qhov Ntsuas Qhov Ntsuas):

Cheebtsam	Cov ntsiab lus ntau yam (%)	Lub luag hauj lwm & Lus Cim
Copper (Cu)	55–95	Lub hauv paus hlau; txiav txim siab ductility, corrosion kuj, thiab thermal / hluav taws xob conductivity. Cov ntsiab lus Cu siab dua (piv txwv li, 85–95%) ua rau softer, ntau ductile tooj dag (xws li, tooj liab liab), thaum qis Cu (55–65%) nce hardness thiab zog (xws li, daj tooj dag).
Zinc (Zn)	5–45	Alloying khoom uas txhim kho lub zog, hardness, thiab machinability. Cov ntsiab lus Zn siab dua (30-45%) txhawb nqa hnav tsis kam tab sis tuaj yeem txo qhov kev tiv thaiv corrosion hauv qhov chaw hnyav.
Cov Ntsiab Lus	0-5 (tag nrho)	Ntxiv rau kev txiav txim siab: - Lead (Pb):0.5–3% (piv txwv li, C36000 dawb-txiav tooj dag) rau kev txhim kho machinability. - Tin (Sn):1-4% (xws li, C46400 naval tooj dag) los txhim kho corrosion kuj nyob rau hauv dej ntsev. - Aluminium (Al):1-6% (piv txwv li, C60800 txhuas tooj dag) rau siab -kub lub zog thiab oxidation kuj. - Hlau (Fe), Nickel (Ni):Tsawg dua los yog sib npaug li 1% txhua kom nce hardness thiab stability.

Common Brass Alloys & Lawv Cov Txheej Txheem Zoo:

Alloy Qib (UNS)	Cu (%)	Zn (%)	Cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb (%)	Daim ntawv thov Focus
C26000 Cartridge tooj dag	68–71	29–32	-	Ductile; siv rau cartridges, tubing, thiab hniav qhov chaw.
C36000 (Dawb-Txiav tooj dag)	60–63	35–38	Pb: 2.5–3.7	Tshuab tau; zoo tagnrho rau screws, ceev, thiab precision Cheebtsam.
C46400 (Naval tooj dag)	60–63	35–37	Nr: 1.0–1.7	Corrosion-resistant; rau marine hardware thiab li qub.
C60800 (Aluminium Brass)	76–79	20–22	Al: 2.0–3.0	Siab -lub zog; siv nyob rau hauv tshav kub exchangers thiab industrial piping.

2. Cov xim ntawm tooj dag yog dab tsi?

tooj dag exhibits athaj tsam ntawm sov, golden-hued ximtxiav txim siab los ntawm nws cov tooj liab-rau-zinc piv, kev kho saum npoo, thiab ib puag ncig raug:

1. Raws li -Cast/Annealed (Unfinished) tooj dag:

Tsawg Zn (Cu Ntau dua lossis sib npaug rau 80%):Reddish-kub (piv txwv li, tooj liab liab / C23000) - zoo li tooj liab nrog lub ntsej muag zoo nkauj golden.

Nruab nrab Zn (Cu 60-70%):Ci daj-kub (piv txwv li, C26000 cartridge tooj dag) - cov xim "tooj dag" classic txuam nrog cov twj paj nruag thiab cov khoom siv zoo nkauj.

Siab Zn (Cu 55-60%):daj ntseg daj los yog golden-xim av (xws li, C36000 dawb-txiav tooj dag) – me ntsis paler vim muaj zinc ntau dua.

2. Tshaj tawm -Kev Ua Haujlwm & Kev Laus Los:

Polished tooj dag:Ua tiav daim iav-zoo li, ci ntsa iab ua tiav (feem ntau hauv cov khoom siv vaj tse, khoom plig, thiab cov twj paj nruag).

Patina Tsim:Thaum raug huab cua, noo noo, lossis tshuaj lom neeg (xws li, sulfur), tooj dag tsim lub ntuj patina dhau sijhawm:

Pib theem: Ib daim nyias nyias, dull golden zaj duab xis.

Advanced theem: Greenish-xiav (verdigris) los yog brownish-dub oxide txheej (xws li, antique tooj dag siv nyob rau hauv rooj tog los yog keeb kwm reproductions).

Kev kho deg:

Electroplating (piv txwv li, npib tsib xee, chrome) rau ib qho nyiaj los yog ua kom tiav.

Lacquering: Cov txheej tiv thaiv meej kom khaws cov xim zoo nkauj thiab tiv thaiv patina.

Tshuaj darkening: Tsim ib qho antique xim av / dub tiav rau cov hniav zoo nkauj los yog lub hom phiaj zoo nkauj.

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3. Lub hardness ntawm tooj dag yog dab tsi?

Brass hardness yog heev nyob ntawmalloy muaj pes tsawg leeg, temper (kev kho cua sov / mechanical ua hauj lwm), thiab txias ua hauj lwm degree. Hauv qab no yog qhov tseem ceeb hardness qhov tseem ceeb rau cov qib tooj dag thiab tempers, sim los ntawm cov txheej txheem (Brinell Hardness, HB; Vickers Hardness, HV; Rockwell Hardness, HR):

General Hardness Ranges los ntawm Temper:

Temper Designation	Kev piav qhia	Hom Hardness (HB)	Vickers Hardness (HV)	Rockwell Hardness (HRB)
O (Annealed)	Siab mos, recrystalized	40–80	45–85	20–60
H01 (Lub Teeb Txias Ua Haujlwm)	10-20% txias txo	70–110	75–115	55–75
H02 (Kev ua haujlwm txias txias)	20-30% txias txo	100–140	105–145	70–85
H04 (Havy Cold Work)	30-50% txias txo	130–180	135–185	80–95
HT (Kub-Kho tau)	nag lossis daus- hardened (piv txwv li, txhuas tooj dag)	150–220	155–230	85–100

Hardness ntawm Common Brass Alloys (Annealed vs. Txias-Ua hauj lwm):

Alloy Qib (UNS)	Kub	Brinell Hardness (HB)	Vickers Hardness (HV)	Rockwell Hardness (HRB)	Ntsiab Lus
C26000 Cartridge tooj dag	O (Annealed)	60–70	65–75	45–55	Ductile; haum rau khoov / kos duab.
C26000	H04 (Havy Cold Work)	140–160	145–165	85–90	Lub zog siab rau cov khoom siv.
C36000 (Dawb-Txiav tooj dag)	O (Annealed)	70–80	75–85	55–65	Balanced machinability thiab ductility.
C36000	H02 (Kev ua haujlwm txias txias)	110–130	115–135	75–80	Zoo tagnrho rau screws thiab fasteners.
C46400 (Naval tooj dag)	O (Annealed)	75–85	80–90	60–70	Corrosion-resistant; siv nyob rau hauv marine daim ntaub ntawv.
C46400	H04 (Havy Cold Work)	150–170	155–175	85–90	Lub zog siab rau cov khoom siv nkoj.
C60800 (Aluminium Brass)	HT (Kub-Kho tau)	180–210	185–215	90–98	Exceptional siab -kub hardness.