Puas muaj qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb hauv qis-Tsub Toughness Ntawm Cov Nickel sib txawv- Raws li cov qib alloy?

Yog, muaj ibQhov sib txawv tseem ceeb nyob rau hauv qis -kub toughnessntawm cov nickel sib txawv -raws li alloy qib. Qhov kev sib txawv no feem ntau yog txiav txim siab los ntawm cov hlau alloy cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg, tsim microstructure, thiab cov txheej txheem kho cua sov, tag nrho cov uas raug kho kom haum rau cov kev pabcuam tshwj xeeb. Hauv qab no yog cov ncauj lus kom ntxaws tsom xam ntawm cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb thiab kev sib piv cov qib ib txwm:

1. Cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ua rau muaj qhov sib txawv hauv qhov qis -Tsub Toughness

(1) Tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg

Nickel cov ntsiab lus thiab matrix qauv

Nickel yog lub hauv paus tseem ceeb uas ua kom cov hlau tsis tshua muaj -kub toughness. Nws stabilizesntsej muag -centered cubic (FCC) austenitic matrix, uas muaj cov ductility zoo heev txawm tias qhov kub tsis tshua muaj siab (xws li, qhov kub thiab txias ntawm -269℃rau kev siv kua helium). Alloys nrog ntau dua npib tsib xee purity (los yog ntau dua nickel cov ntsiab lus txheeb ze rau lwm yam alloying ntsiab) feem ntau pom zoo dua kub-kub toughness. Piv txwv li, cov ntshiab nickel alloys (piv txwv li, Alloy 200/201) muaj cov qauv austenitic tag nrho tsis muaj nkig theem, yog li lawv cov tawv tawv tsis tshua muaj deteriorates ntawm qhov kub thiab txias.

Kev cuam tshuam ntawm alloying ntsiab

Cov ntsiab lus muaj txiaj ntsig: Manganese (Mn) thiab nitrogen (N) tuaj yeem kho cov qauv nplej, txhim kho qhov sib xws ntawm austenitic matrix, thiab txhim kho qis - kub toughness. Cov nyiaj me me ntawm titanium (Ti) thiab txhuas (Al) tsim cov theem zoo intermetallic (piv txwv li, 'theem: Ni₃(Ti, Al)) tsis muaj qhov cuam tshuam qhov hnyav, muab lawv cov ntsiab lus raug tswj.

Cov ntsiab lus tsis zoo: Cov pa roj carbon ntau (C), silicon (Si), thiab phosphorus (P) yog qhov ua rau cov theem nkig lossis sib cais ntawm cov ciam teb. Piv txwv li, cov ntsiab lus carbon siab txhawb cov nag lossis daus ntawm coarse carbides (piv txwv li, M₂₃C₆) ntawm cov ciam teb, uas ua raws li cov ntsiab lus kev ntxhov siab thiab txo qis - qhov kub thiab txias cuam tshuam toughness. Sulfur (S) ua rau qis-sulphide melting inclusions, ntxiv deteriorating toughness ntawm tsawg kub.

(2) Microstructure yam ntxwv

Cov qoob loo loj

Fine-grained npib tsib xee-raws li alloys tau zoo dua qis-kub toughness dua coarse-grained sawv daws yuav. Cov nplej zoo ua rau thaj tsam ntawm thaj tsam, cuam tshuam kev nthuav tawm ntawm microcracks ntawm qhov kub thiab txias, thiab nqus ntau lub zog tawg. Lub grain loj yog tswj los ntawm kev kho cua sov txheej txheem (xws li, tshuaj annealing kub thiab txias npaum li cas) thiab grain refiners (xws li, boron).

Precipitated theem

Alloys tsim los rau siab - kub lub zog (piv txwv li, nag lossis daus-hardened superalloys) feem ntau muaj ntau theem ntxiv zog xws li '(Ni₃(Ti, Al)) thiab '' (Ni₃Nb). Thaum cov theem no txhim kho siab -kub creep tsis kam, nag lossis daus ntau dhau tuaj yeem txo qis -kub toughness los ntawm kev nce matrix brittleness.

Corrosion-resistant nickel-raws li alloys (piv txwv li, Hastelloy C series) muaj ib qho yooj yim microstructure nrog rau ob peb lub sij hawm ntxiv dag zog rau, yog li lawv cov qis- kub toughness kuj zoo dua.

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(3) Kev kho cua sov

Kev daws annealing thiab quenching

Kev daws kom zoo annealing (cua kub rau qhov kub thiab txias ceev) dissolves nkig theem nrab (xws li carbides, intermetallic compounds) rau hauv austenitic matrix, uas ua rau ib tug zoo microstructure thiab txhim kho qis - kub toughness. Kev daws tsis txaus annealing yuav ua rau tsis muaj qhov tsis sib haum xeeb, thaum overheating yuav ua rau cov nplej coarsening, ob qho tib si muaj kev puas tsuaj rau cov tawv nqaij.

Kev laus kev kho mob

Cov nag lossis daus- cov alloys tawv (xws li Inconel 718) xav tau kev kho kev laus kom ua rau muaj zog ntxiv. Txawm li cas los xij, dhau - kev laus ua rau coarsening ntawm '' theem, uas txo qis -kub toughness; nyob rau hauv - kev laus tsis ua tiav lub zog txaus thiab tseem cuam tshuam rau kev ruaj ntseg toughness.

2. Tsawg-Temperature Toughness Sib piv ntawm cov nickel zoo-raws li qib alloy

Alloy Qib	Hom	Tsawg-Tsub Toughness Performance	Hom Daim Ntawv Thov Scenarios
Alloy 200/201	Ntshiab Nickel Alloy	Zoo heev. Tsis muaj qhov tseem ceeb toughness poob txawm nyob ntawm -200℃; Lub zog cuam tshuam siab (Charpy V-notch cuam tshuam tus nqi> 100 J ntawm -196 degree)	Cryogenic cia tso tsheb hlau luam, kua dej ntuj (LNG) pipelines
Inconel 600	Thaum tshav kub kub-Resistant Alloy	Zoo. Tag nrho cov qauv austenitic; cuam tshuam tus nqi> 80 J ntawm -196 degree. Cov ntsiab lus tsawg ntawm cov theem brittle	Nuclear reactor Cheebtsam, qis-kub kub exchangers
ib 718	Dej nag-Hardened Superalloy	Nruab nrab. Sib npaug siab zog thiab toughness; cuam tshuam tus nqi 40-60 J ntawm -196 degree. '' theem nag lossis daus me ntsis txo toughness	Aerospace Cheebtsam, cryogenic siab hlab ntsha
Hastelloy C276	Corrosion{0}}Resistant Alloy	Zoo heev. Tsawg impurity cov ntsiab lus; tsis muaj nkig carbide nag lossis daus ntawm cov ciam teb; cuam tshuam tus nqi> 90 J ntawm -196 degree	Cov khoom siv dej hiav txwv desalination, qis -kub tshuaj ua haujlwm
Monel 400	Tooj liab -Nickel Alloy	Zoo. Austenitic matrix nrog tooj liab khoom tov; cuam tshuam tus nqi> 70 J ntawm -196℃. Resistant mus rau qis-kub embrittlement	Marine low-kub li qub, cryogenic fasteners

3. Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm qhov sib txawv toughness

Qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov qis -kub toughness ncaj qha txiav txim siab qhov kev thov ntawm nickel-raws li alloys:

Alloys nrogzoo heev low{0}}kub toughness(Alloy 200, Hastelloy C276) yog qhov zoo dua rau kev siv tshuab cryogenic (piv txwv li, LNG, kua oxygen / kua nitrogen cia thiab kev thauj mus los), qhov chaw tawg yuav tsum zam.

Alloys nrognruab nrab qis -kub toughness(Inconel 718) yog tsim rau cov khoom siv uas yuav tsum tau muaj lub zog siab thiab qis -kub tsis kam, xws li aerospace cav qhov chaw ua haujlwm nyob rau hauv qis - qhov kub thiab txias.

Yog tias cov hlau tsis zoo rau qhov qis- qhov kub thiab txias (xws li, qee qhov siab -carbon nickel-raws li superalloys rau ultra- siab kub), nws qhov qis- qhov kub thiab txias yog qhov tsis zoo, thiab nws yog qhov ua rau tawg tawg thaum siv hauv qab chav sov, yog li nws tsis pom zoo rau cov ntawv thov cryogenic.

Hauv kev xaus, qhov qis-kub toughness ntawm npib tsib xee-raws li alloys sib txawv heev nyob rau hauv cov qib, thiab qhov sib txawv no yog ib tug tseem ceeb cov txheej txheem rau xaiv txoj cai alloy rau tej yam tsawg - kub los yog cryogenic kev pab cuam tej yam kev mob.

Tsawg-Tsub Toughness ntawm Nickel alloy