Yog titanium kim dua li stainless hlau -} kev paub

1. Extraction: Titanium Ores yog qhov nyuaj rau qhov chaw thiab ua kom zoo

Titanium tsis muaj nyob rau hauv qhov uas yog hlau ntshiab; Nws muaj nyob hauv cov olide oxide nyiamIlmenite (Fetio₃)thiabRutile (Ti₂)Cov. Cov ores no muaj ntau nyob thoob ntiaj teb (titanium yog 9th feem ntau yog nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb crust), tab sis siv ntau dua li soourcing hlau (lub hauv paus hlau rau stainless hlau):

Hlau Rau Hlau Stainless: Hlau yog feem ntau ntawm qhov siab me me -} es concent concent es concent concent like es like zoo li Hematite (Fe₂o₃) lossis magnetite (Fe₃o₄). Cov ores no yog qhov yooj yim rau cov txheej txheem yooj yim: roasted kom tshem tawm impurities siv coke rauv taws ua haujlwm) {}} tus nqi txheej txheem uas tau ua kom zoo rau lub xyoo pua.

Titanium ore ua: Titanium Ores muaj tsawg cov ntsiab lus titanium muaj tsuas 30-45% tio₂) thiab feem ntau tov nrog lwm cov minerals (piv txwv li, hlau oxides, silica). Txhawm rau cais cov titanium, ores thawj zaug yauv mustus tau txais txiaj ntsig(Lub cev sib cais ntawm cov hlau nplaum lossis cov kev sib tsoo) kom nce tioing. Cov kauj ruam no ib leeg ntxiv tus nqi, vim tias nws yuav tsum tau siv cov khoom tshwj xeeb thiab lub zog.

2. Ntau Lawm: Titanium yuav tsum muaj zog - kev siv zog, cov txheej txheem tshwj xeeb

Hloov cov titanium ore rau hauv cov ntshiab meters khau raj titanium yog vastly ntau dua li ua rau cov hlau tsis muaj. Tus txheej txheem tseem niaj hnub no - tusKev txheej txheem KRIKRY-} puas muaj ntau - theem, thiab siv zog {{} Cov txheej txheem hnyav:

Tus yeeb tshuaj: Tau txais txiaj ntsig Titanium Ore (Ti₂) yog siv nrog chlorine roj (cl₂) thiab carbon ntawm 900-1,000℃los tsimTitanium Tetrachloride (Ticl₄)-} Cov kua lom, kua muaj kuab lom uas yuav tsum tau ceev faj tuav thiab ntxuav tawm (kom tshem tawm impurities li hlau chloride).

Kom me dua: Ticl₄ yog tom qab ntawd txo kom nws yog xim hlau titanium siv molten magnesium (mg) lossis sodium (siab {{} {} {}} kub ntsuas (700-800 degree). Qhov tshuaj tiv thaiv no ua rau lub ntxeem tau "ntawm titanium, uas yuav tsum tau txuas ntxiv kom tshem tawm cov seem ntawm Mg / NA thiab Chlorine.

Kev txua ntxiv: Lub titanium daim txhuam cev yog crushed, nias rau hauv cov block loj ("ingots"), thiab melted nyob rau hauv aNqus Arc Rauv (var)los yog Electron nqaj rauv taws kom tshem tawm cov voids thiab kom ntseeg tau cov kev sib luag. Kauj ruam no yog qhov tseem ceeb rau cov ntawv thov txheej txheem tab sis ntxiv cov nqi hluav taws xob tseem ceeb thiab cov khoom siv.

Los ntawm kev sib piv, kev tsim stainless hlau yog ncaj:

Hlau (los ntawm cov hluav taws kub tawg) yog melted nrogyeebsab(los ntxiv corrosion tsis kam),tus menyuam yaus(rau kev sib zog, hauv cov qib tsis zoo li 304/316), thiab lwm yam me me ntawm lwm cov alloys (piv txwv li, molybdenum) hauv ibFais arc rauv (EAF)lossisCov pa roj Oxygen Cub Rauv (BOF)Cov. Lub Molten Steel yog ces muab pov rau hauv cov pob zeb, dov rau hauv cov ntawv txheeb, muaj cov khoom siv ua kom tsawg}}}}}} cov nqi hauv.

3. Cov Khoom Siv: Titanium's "Hwm" Saib Xyuas Kev Cai Ntau Dua

Titanium tus nqi siab dua tseem yog qhov xav txog ntawm nws cov kev ua tau zoo tshaj stainless hlau {}}}} tus nqi ntawm qhov chaw nyob qib siab:

Ntiag tug	Titanium	Tus Hlau Stainless (piv txwv li, 316L)	Cuam tshuam rau tus nqi
Lub zog - rau - qhov hnyav} qhov hnyav. Piv	~ 40% sib dua dua li cov hlau tsis muaj zog, piv txwv li ti: 275-550 mpa; Ti-6al-4V: {} mpa)	Hnyav dua (ntom ntom: ~ 7.9 g / cm³ thiab 6's 4.5 g / cm³); 316L tensile lub zog: ~ 515 MPA	Titanium muab kev txo qis hauv aerospace (dav hlau (high {}
Corrosion Kuj	Tsis kam seaswater, muaj zog acids (piv txwv li, sulfuric acid), thiab lub cev muaj kua (biocompible) tsis muaj txheej.	Tiv taus me corrosion tab sis tuaj yeem lub qhov nqaij hauv dej hiav txwv lossis cov kua qaub muaj zog; Thov kom cov txheej ci rau cov chaw hnyav.	Titanium tshem tawm kev txij nkawm / hloov tus nqi hauv cov tub rog ua haujlwm hauv nkoj (yug neeg hauv vaj tse) lossis kev kho hniav (kev kho hniav) siv}}}} {}}}}} -
Biocompatibility	Tsis - kev toxic, tsis -}}} }ergatesatesatesates withກ tib neeg cov pob txha (OSOPSICE).	Qee qib (piv txwv li, 316L) tau siv hauv cov cuab yeej kho mob tab sis tej zaum yuav ua rau cov neeg tsis haum xeeb hauv cov neeg mob rhiab.	Titanium yog tus qauv kub rau kev cog hniav (hip hloov chaw, pacemaker Casings) {}}} margin ua lag luam qhov twg tus nqi tsis yog qhov thaiv.

Stainless hlau, los ntawm kev sib piv, yog "cov ntaub ntawv ua haujlwm: nws muaj peev xwm siv tau, thiab haum rau}

4. Kev Ua Lag Luam Dynamics: Tsawg ntim =}} Tsis muaj kev lag luam ntawm nplai

Kev lag luam ntawm cov nplai ua si lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv cov nqe: Stainless hlau yog ib qho ntawm feem ntau cov khoom lag luam uas tsim cov khoom lag luam hauv ntiaj teb, nrog ntau xyoo dhau los50 lab METAL tons(2023 cov ntaub ntawv). Qhov no loj heev tau tsav cov nqi: Cov chaw muab khoom tuaj yeem nqis peev rau cov khoom loj rau cov khoom siv raw (piv txwv li cov nqi roj raw (piv txwv li kev txij nkawm) thoob plaws lab.

Titanium, los ntawm kev sib piv, muaj ib qho kev ua lag luam me me: kev tsim khoom me me: kev tsim khoom hauv kev lag luam hauv lub hom phiaj titanium hlau tsuas yog ~60,000 metric tons(2023) {- tsawg dua 0.1% ntawm stainless hlau tso zis. Qhov ntim qis no txhais tau tias:

Tsis muaj loj - nplai them txo los ntawm kev tsim qauv qauv.

Tus nqi siab rau cov khoom siv tshwj xeeb (piv txwv li, cov khoom siv nqus plua plav arc) thiab cov ntaub ntawv raw (piv txwv, magnesium rau cov qib KRED).

Tsawg sib xeem ntawm cov neeg tsim khoom (ib tug tes ntawm cov tuam txhab dominate thoob ntiaj teb titanium muab, piv txwv li} Avolo, sijhawm sijhawm rau Asmeskas), txo cov nqi.

Titanium yog xwm yeem ntau kim dua li stainless hlau vim nwsCov txheej txheem sib xyaw ua ke / ua tiav, ntim qis heev, thiab cov kev ua tau zoo ntawm kev ua haujlwmCov. Thaum Stainless Hlau Dominates raug nqi -} {}} Lub zog, thiab corrosion}}} lub zog tus nqi uas outweigh tus nqi. Rau feem ntau cov neeg tau txais kev pab-}}} {} Cov tub ntxhais ua hauj lwm tsis muaj txiaj ntsig (piv txwv li, cov kab mob caj dab (piv txwv li tus nqi quav), titanium tus nqi yog qhov tsim nyog nqis peev.