1. Dab tsi yog C11000 copper alloy, thiab vim li cas nws lub cim rau copper yeeb nkab hauv kev siv cov ntawv thov?
C11000, tseem hu ua electrolytic tawv tawv (ETP) Tooj, yog tus neeg soj ntsuam cov tooj liab loj heev ntawm 99.90% rau 0.02%). Nws yog qhov siv dav dav tshaj plaws thiab tau lees paub txog tooj liab, feem ntau tsuas yog hu ua "tooj liab" hauv ntau cov ntsiab lus muaj kev lag luam.
Cov "elecolytic" nyob rau hauv nws lub npe yog hais txog lub chaw ua kom zoo nkauj, uas ua tiav qib siab heev ntawm kev coj dawb huv. "Cov suab tawv" piav qhia txog qhov tshwj xeeb hauv lub xeev me me hauv lub xeev tswj tau los ntawm cov ntsiab lus oxygen. Cov pa oxygen no nrog impurities thaum sandurification, ua rau muaj hluav taws xob tuab, cov hluav taws xob muaj hluav taws xob zoo nkauj ntawm 100% (International annaled tooj liab tooj) lossis siab dua.
Vim li cas nws thiaj yog tus qauv ntsuas?
C11000 yeeb nkab pabcuam ua cov cim vim nws qhov kev sib npaug ntawm cov khoom:
Zoo dua kev ua haujlwm: nws muaj cov hluav taws xob ntau tshaj plaws thiab thermal conductivity ntawm cov tooj liab alloys zoo, ua rau cov pa hluav taws xob, hluav taws xob, thiab cov chaw tsheb npav.
Zoo nkauj ductility thiab formability: nws tuaj yeem yooj yim khoov duav, thiab tsim yam tsis muaj kev tawg, uas yog qhov tseem ceeb rau cov kav dej thiab HVAC.
Corrosion Kuj: nws tiv thaiv corrosion los ntawm ntau yam dej thiab cua, ua kom muaj kev pabcuam ntev hauv cov kav dej thiab cua sov.
Kev paub zoo thiab txheej txheem: nws keeb kwm ntev txhais tau tias nws yog them los ntawm ntau cov qauv hauv ntiaj teb (zoo li cov kws ua haujlwm zoo siab los ntawm cov kws ua haujlwm hauv ntiaj teb, cov ntaub thaiv, thiab nruab tau thaj av.
Thaum lwm cov khoom tooj liab xws li C12200 (DHP tooj liab zoo dua, C11000} Lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb uas yog qhov siab tshaj plaws yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws.
2. Dab tsi yog cov qauv tseem ceeb thoob ntiaj teb uas kav C11000 Yeeb Nkab, thiab dab tsi ua lawv cov lus qhia tshwj xeeb?
Kev tsim khoom, qhov loj me, thiab kev ua tau zoo ntawm C11000 yeeb nkab raug tswj hwm los ntawm ntau tus qauv thoob ntiaj teb. Kev ua raws li cov qauv no ua kom muaj kev sib txawv, kev cia siab, thiab kev nyab xeeb thoob ntiaj teb cov saw hlau. Cov qauv tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog Astm, en, thiab JIS.
ASTM B 88 - Txheem Cov Qauv rau Seamless Tooj Hluav Taws Xob: Qhov no yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws hauv North America. Nws cais cov kav dej ua hom k, l, thiab lwm yam (ntws, cov khib nyiab, qhov sib txawv ntawm phab ntsa tuab rau tib lub taub sab nraud.
Hom K: muaj lub phab ntsa tuab tshaj plaws, siv rau kev pabcuam hauv av thiab cov ntawv thov siab.
Hom L: Ib nrab - duty Phab ntsa tuab, feem ntau rau cov kav dej sab hauv thiab cua sov.
Hom M: Ib qho thinner-} walled raj siv nyob rau hauv thaj tsis muaj tsawg {} Cov kav dej muaj zog thiab qee cov cua sov cov ntawv tso cai.
Tus qauv qhia meej tshuaj lom neeg cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg (zoo li tensile lub zog), thiab kev ntsuam xyuas nyuaj siab, suav nrog hydrostatic siab cov kev ntsuam xyuas thiab cov nplaim taws kev kuaj kom ntseeg tau tias kev ua tau zoo siab.
En 1057 - tooj liab thiab tooj liab alloys- Kev Siv Hluav Taws Xob Nws siv cov txheej txheem sib txawv raws li cov yeeb nkab "ntau (piv txwv li, R250 rau kev ua haujlwm ib nrab) thiab qhia meej qhov ntev ntxiv hauv cov chav me me. Zoo li ASTM B88, nws tsim nyog yuav tsum muaj rau kev sib xyaw, cov khoom siv neeg kho tshuab, thiab kua si- nruj.
JIS h 3300 - tooj liab thiab tooj alloy Seamless kav thiab yas: Qhov no yog hais txog Japanese muaj kev lag luam, tau hais txog Asia. Nws muaj nws cov txheej txheem faib tawm tab sis npog cov tseev kom zoo sib xws rau cov khoom ua tau zoo thiab ua tau zoo.
Nkag siab cov qauv no yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev ua tiav, vim tias lawv tsis tau hloov dua siab ncaj qha. Tus kws ua choj kom paub meej ib txoj haujlwm hauv Tebchaws Europe yuav siv EN 1057, thaum ib qho hauv Asmeskas yuav siv ASTM B88.
3. Qhov npau taws (annealed thiab nyuaj - Kos duab) ntawm C11000 yam khoom thiab kev xaiv?
Qhov "npau taws" ntawm C11000 cov yeeb nkab hais txog nws qib ntawm kev ua haujlwm txias, uas txawv nws cov khoom siv tshuaj kho tau tsis hloov. Ob lub hauv paus tseem ceeb yog annealed (mos) thiab nyuaj- kos.
Annealed (muag) Tem (O):
Txheej txheem: Cov yeeb nkab yog rhuab rau ib qho kub thiab txias thiab tom qab ntawd txias maj mam. Tus txheej txheem no, hu ua kev annealing, relium kev ntxhov siab tshwm sim los ntawm kev ua haujlwm txias.
Cov Khoom: Nws ua tau nyob rau hauv ib cov yeeb nkab nrog siab tshaj plaws devility thiab softness. Nws lub zog tensile qis dua, tab sis nws tuaj yeem khoov duav thiab tsim tau yooj yim rau hauv cov qauv ua haujlwm yooj yim.
Cov ntawv thov: Qhov kev kub siab no yog qhov tseem ceeb rau cov ntawv thov uas xav tau dav rau hydronic radiant pem teb, thiab dej kav dej uas yuav tsum tau taug txhuas tsis siv ntau yam fittings.
Kev kub ntxhov - txav npau taws (h):
Txheej Txheem: Cov yeeb nkab yog kos los ntawm kev tuag ntawm chav tsev kub, uas ua haujlwm - hashens cov khoom.
Cov khoom: Nws muaj lub zog ntau dua thiab tawm los ntawm lub zog thiab yog stiffer thiab nyuaj. Txawm li cas los xij, nws tau muaj kev cuam tshuam zoo heev thiab yuav tawg yog tias khoov.
Cov ntawv thov: nyuaj {- Cov raj tso tawm rau qhov twg ntawm cov dej tseem ceeb, cov ntawv thov hluav taws xob, thiab tsheb npav hluav taws xob. Nws lub zog siab dua tso cai rau nws tiv thaiv cov kev ntsuas siab dua hauv cov kev teeb tsa ncaj.
Qhov kev txiav txim siab tseem ceeb yog qhov nyuaj - lub raj kos poom tuaj yeem ua tauib qho tseem ceebUa muag muag, tab sis thim rov qab tsis muaj tseeb. Xaiv qhov ua kom yog yog qhov kev txiav txim siab muaj kev sib txuam ua ke raws li ntawm cov teeb tsa txoj kev muaj txiaj ntsig zoo thiab lub zog yuav tsum tau ua.
4. Dab tsi yog thawj lub cev corrosion rau C11000 cov yeeb nkab hauv cov dej tshuab, thiab lawv tuaj yeem raug ntxias li cas?
Thaum corrosion siab - tiv taus, c11000 tsis muaj zog rau kev ua kom tsis txhob mob siab. Nkag siab txog cov txheej txheem kev siv tshuab no yog qhov tseem ceeb los ua kom ntseeg tau lub zog ntev.
Pitt Corrosion: Qhov no yog daim ntawv hauv zos ntawm corrosion uas tuaj yeem nkag rau hauv phab ntsa yeeb nkab. Hauv cov kav dej tooj liab, nws feem ntau txuas rau cov dej kev siv tshuaj.
Cause: Kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov duab yeeb yaj kiab, suav nrog cov yeeb nkab cov yeeb yaj kiab sab hauv, qib siab ntawm sulfate thiab c c chloride thiab c c cyloride thiab dej tsawg (acidic dej).
Mitigation: Ua kom muaj kev ntseeg siab - Zoo yeeb nkab nrog ib tug huv si, yeeb yaj kiab} {1} ionging ion.
Yaig {{0- corrosion: Qhov no yog cov kev coj ua kom nrawm dua vim kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm corrosion thiab cov neeg kho tshuab hnav los ntawm cov dej khov kho tshiab, dej ntws tawm.
Cause: High dej velocities (feem ntau saum 1.2 {- 1.5 m / s) thiab muaj cov npuas tshem tawm lossis cov pa npuas. Nws feem ntau pom raws li tus yam ntxwv horseshoe-puab grooves nyob rau hauv kev coj ntawm ntws.
MITIGATION: Tsim cov kab ke kom muaj cov dej tsis pub dhau qhov kev txwv tsis pub dhau thiab zam kev hloov pauv sai ntawm kev tsim cov cua hlob.
Microbiologically cuam tshuam corrosion (mic): Cov kab mob me me tuaj yeem pib kho kom xeb lossis ua kom nrawm.
Cause: Biofilms ntawm cov kab mob, xws li sulfate - Txo cov kab mob uas tsis muaj chaw nyob ntawm cov yeeb nkab nto.
Kev me me: tswj tshuaj tua kab mob tawm, zam cov dej tsis huv, thiab cov txheej txheem flushing.
Kev ntsuas kev ntsuas rau txhua hom corrosion suav nrog kev teeb tsa kev ua kom zoo rau tooj liab thiab ua kom muaj kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv, nplai) ntau dua li txhoj puab heev corrosion.
5. Hauv siab {{- sov daim ntawv thov zoo li hnub ci thermal, dab tsi tshwj xeeb cov yeeb nkab tam sim no?
C11000 yog qhov kev xaiv nrov rau hnub ci thermal thiab txuas cov kav dej thermal thiab txuas tau zoo heev thermal cov khoom, tab sis nws muaj kev txwv tshwj xeeb uas yuav tsum tau tswj hwm.
Qhov Zoo:
Tshwj xeeb ntawm thermal conductivity: qhov no yog nws thawj qhov tau txais txiaj ntsig. Nws hloov chaw kub los ntawm kev nqus phaj rau cov cua sov hloov kua dej, ua kom tiav lub kaw lus tag nrho.
Yooj yim ntawm cov fabrication: nws ductility tso cai rau nws kom yooj yim khoov thiab puab kom haum rau lub hnub ci collector panels thiab thauj cov chaw ru tsev.
Compatibility nrog cov kua dej ntau: Nws yog cov tiv thaiv kev xeb ntawm high {{
Cov kev txwv thiab kev xav txog kev engineering:
Annaling ntawm tsa kub siab: qhov no yog qhov kev txwv tseem ceeb tshaj plaws. Thaum C11000 muaj lub siab melting taw tes (~ 1085 degree), nws pib anneal (muag) ntawm ntau dua qis dua kub, nyob ib ncig ntawm 200 {900}. Hauv qhov "stagnation kev tshwm sim" - thaum lub hnub ci ntsa iab nthuav tawm rau tag nrho lub hnub tab sis tsis muaj cua sov tau kos tawm (piv txwv li lub zog hluav taws xob) tau yooj yim tshaj li 350 degree. Qhov no tuaj yeem Annal nyuaj-kos cov kav dej, ua rau lawv sag hauv lawv tus kheej hnyav lossis sab hauv.
Thermal nthuav tawm: Tooj muaj cov coefficient ntawm thermal expansion. Nyob rau hauv ntev, constrained sau raug nyob rau hauv hnub ci nruab, tseem ceeb thermal ntxhov siab tuaj yeem tsim kho. Qhov no yuav tsum tau ua kom haum nrog nthuav dav dav, khoov, lossis offsets los tiv thaiv kev puas tsuaj rau cov kav dej thiab ua haujlwm.
Galvanic corrosion: yog C11000 cov yeeb nkab txuas nrog ncaj qha rau cov hlau uas muaj cov hlau uas muaj peev xwm ntawm cov hluav taws xob (piv txwv li, nws yuav ua rau cov khoom ua kom huv) ntawm cov hlau. Dielectric cov koomhaum yuav tsum tau siv los tiv thaiv qhov no.
Yog li ntawd, thaum C11000 yog ib qho kev coj ua zoo tshaj plaws rau hnub ci thermal, lub kaw lus tsim yuav tsum tau ua kom zoo nkauj thaum lub siab- kub stagnation thiab tswj thermal expansion kev ntxhov siab.
