1: Dab tsi yog qhov sib txawv ntawm Titanium Gr3 (Ti), Gr4 (Ti-0.5Pd), thiab Gr5 (Ti-6Al-4V) alloys nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab cov khoom siv rau kev siv kav dej?
Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb nyob rau hauv lawv cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg, uas dictates lawv txhua yam lub zog, corrosion kuj, thiab thawj daim ntawv thov nyob rau hauv industrial piping systems.
Qib 3 (Kev lag luam Pure Titanium, "Ti CP"): Qhov no yog qhov tseem ceeb uas tsis muaj titanium nrog kev tswj qib ntawm hlau thiab oxygen. Nws muaj qhov siab tshaj plaws ductility thiab zoo heev formability ntawm peb, nrog lub zog tensile nruab nrab (~ 450 MPa min). Nws corrosion kuj yog superb nyob rau hauv oxidizing thiab me ntsis txo ib puag ncig. Nws feem ntau suav hais tias yog qib pib "workhorse" qib rau tsis yog - tseem ceeb, tus nqi - cov ntawv thov uas muaj zog siab tsis yog thawj tus tsav tsheb. Nws yog qee zaum hu ua "nruab nrab-lub zog" CP titanium.
Qib 4 (Ti-0.5Pd / Ti-Pd Alloy): Qib no muaj cov khoom lag luam ntshiab titanium nrog kev txhob txwm tshaj tawm ntawm kwv yees li 0.15% palladium. Qhov me me Pd ntxiv no ua rau nws txhim khu kev tiv thaiv corrosion, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv kev txo cov acidic ib puag ncig (xws li, kub, tsis yog -aerated hydrochloric los yog sulfuric acid). Nws muab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv corrosion zoo heev hauv chloride-muaj cov tshuaj. Lub zog txhua yam ntawm Gr4 yog me ntsis siab dua Gr3 (~ 550 MPa min tensile). Thawj qhov kev txiav txim siab rau Gr4 yog nws qhov kev ua tau zoo tsis sib xws hauv cov txheej txheem tshuaj lom neeg tshwj xeeb, ua pov thawj nws tus nqi siab dua vim qhov muaj txiaj ntsig ntawm cov hlau ntxiv. Kuj tseem muaj Pd-dawb, "Enhanced" qib zoo li Gr17 thiab Gr18 tsim los rau cov kev pabcuam zoo sib xws.
Qib 5 (Ti-6Al-4V): Qhov no yog alpha{15}}beta alloy, muaj 6% txhuas thiab 4% vanadium. Nws yog qhov txawv ntawm CP qib (Gr3/Gr4). Cov ntsiab lus alloying muab qhov muaj zog ntau ntxiv (lub zog tensile ~ 895 MPa min)-ze li ob npaug ntawm Gr3. Nws muaj qhov zoo weldability, thiab nws lub zog tuaj yeem nce ntxiv los ntawm kev kho cua sov (kev laus). Txawm li cas los xij, nws qhov kev tiv thaiv corrosion feem ntau suav tias yog qis dua li qib CP hauv qee qhov kev tshaj tawm, vim tias cov ntsiab lus alloying tuaj yeem cuam tshuam qhov sib xws ntawm cov oxide zaj duab xis nyob rau hauv qee yam mob (tab sis nws tseem zoo heev piv rau cov hlau feem ntau). Nws lub ntsiab kom zoo dua yog rau siab -siab, siab-stress, los yog hnyav-rhiab piping systems.
2: Yuav ua li cas yog qhov tshwj xeeb corrosion kuj profile ntawm txhua qib dictate nws cov kev xaiv hauv Chemical Processing Industry (CPI) thiab offshore roj & roj?
Kev xaiv cov khoom siv rau cov kav dej hauv qhov chaw nruj no yog tus nqi tseem ceeb - kev txiav txim siab kev nyab xeeb raws li cov kev pabcuam tshwj xeeb.
Qib 3 (Ti CP): Nws cov ntawv thov zoo tshaj plaws yog nyob rau hauv oxidizing lossis nruab nrab media. Nws yog feem ntau siv rau kev tuav:
Chlorides: Seawater, brine daws, chlorinated organics.
Oxidizing Acids: Nitric acid ntawm ntau yam concentrations thiab kub.
Dej Chlorine Gas: Nws tsim cov yeeb yaj kiab oxide tiv thaiv.
Nws feem ntau pom muaj nyob rau hauv cov dej hiav txwv cua txias, desalination cog piping, thiab chloride - muaj cov txheej txheem kwj uas tsis tas yuav muaj zog.
Qib 4 (Ti-0.5Pd): Qhov no yog tus kws kho mob tshwj xeeb rau qhov hnyav, txo cov kua qaub. Lub palladium ua raws li cov catalyst, txhawb kev rov tsim cov yeeb yaj kiab TiO₂ yog tias nws tawg. Nws yog teev rau:
Kub, tsis yog - aerated hydrochloric thiab sulfuric acid daws qhov twg stainless hlau thiab txawm tias Gr3 titanium yuav sai sai corrode.
Cov kab mob loj heev corrosion nyob rau hauv kub chloride brines.
Phosphoric acid ntau lawm thiab lwm yam txheej txheem chemical synthesis.
Nws siv yog tsim nyog qhov twg cov cuab yeej tsis ua hauj lwm yuav muaj kev puas tsuaj los yog qhov twg nws ua rau muaj kev ua tau zoo dua los ntawm kev ua haujlwm hnyav dua.
Qib 5 (Ti-6Al-4V): Hauv cov kev lag luam no, nws siv yog tsav los ntawm kev xav tau kev siv tshuab ntau dua li cov tshuaj tiv thaiv zoo dua. Cov ntawv thov suav nrog:
Siab -siab manifold systems ntawm offshore platforms, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau kev cuam tshuam zoo (xws li, coiled tubing kab) qhov twg lub zog - rau - qhov hnyav piv yog qhov tseem ceeb.
Hydraulic thiab instrumentation tubing nyob rau hauv subsea ib puag ncig yuav tsum muaj siab vau thiab tawg lub zog.
Downhole ntau lawm tubing rau qaub (H₂S{0}}muaj) los yog siab -CO₂ qhov dej, qhov twg nws lub zog thiab sulfide kev nyuaj siab cracking kuj yog qhov zoo, tab sis yuav tsum tau ceev faj ntsuas kub thiab pH.
3: Dab tsi yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm vuam thiab kev txiav txim siab rau cov kav dej ua los ntawm peb qib titanium no?
Titanium qhov kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo nrog cov pa oxygen, nitrogen, thiab hydrogen ntawm qhov kub siab tshaj tawm cov txheej txheem tsim cov txheej txheem nruj.
Shielding Gas Purity & Coverage: Qhov no yog ib qho tseem ceeb tshaj plaws. Vuam yuav tsum tau ua nyob rau hauv ib qho inert argon los yog helium cua nrog siab purity (99.999% +). Tsis tsuas yog yuav tsum tau lub pas dej ua ke los tiv thaiv, tab sis tag nrho cov cua sov- cuam tshuam cheeb tsam (HAZ) ntawm ob sab hauv thiab sab nraud ntawm cov yeeb nkab yuav tsum tau tiv thaiv kom txog thaum nws txias qis dua ~ 800℃F (430℃). Qhov no yuav tsum tau siv cov ntaub thaiv npog (rau sab nraud) thiab sab hauv tsev pheeb suab lossis cov dams (rau sab hauv). Discoloration (straw, xiav, grey, dawb) qhia tias muaj kab mob thiab yuav tsum tau zam, raws li nws txhais tau hais tias embrittlement.
Cov txheej txheem vuam: Gas Tungsten Arc Vuam (GTAW/TIG) yog txoj kev siv ntau tshaj plaws thiab nyiam tshaj plaws rau tag nrho peb qib vim nws cov kev tswj zoo thiab kev huv. Rau tuab- cov kav dej Gr5, Gas Metal Arc Vuam (GMAW) tuaj yeem siv nrog cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb. Orbital welding yog dav siv rau siab -purity thiab kev pabcuam tseem ceeb piping kom ntseeg tau tias sib xws.
Filler Hlau Xaiv: Cov hlau muab tub lim yuav tsum sib phim lossis dhau ntawm lub hauv paus hlau qhov kev tiv thaiv corrosion thiab lub zog.
Rau Gr3, ERTi-2 lossis ERTi-3 muab tub lim feem ntau yog siv.
Rau Gr4 (Ti-0.5Pd), ERTi-7 (Ti-0.2Pd) muab tub lim hlau yog tus qauv. Cov ntsiab lus Pd qis me ntsis hauv qhov muab tub lim pab tiv thaiv lub cell galvanic hauv qhov vuam.
Rau Gr5 (Ti-6Al-4V), ERTi-5 (Ti-6Al-4V) muab tub lim yog siv. Kev kho cua sov tom qab vuam (kev laus) tuaj yeem siv rau Gr5 welds kom rov qab muaj zog tag nrho hauv HAZ.
Kev huv huv: Txhua qhov chaw (lub hauv paus hlau, muab tub lim) yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo ntxuav cov roj, roj, thiab av tam sim ntawd ua ntej vuam.
4: Dab tsi yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm ASTM / ASME cov qauv tswj hwm cov kav dej titanium no, thiab lawv ua li cas kom zoo rau kev lag luam?
Cov kav dej rau siab thiab kev pabcuam tseem ceeb yog tsim los rau cov qauv nruj uas txhais tau tias txhua yam ntawm kev tsim khoom.
Khoom Specification: Qhov no txhais cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab cov cuab yeej cuab tam rau seamless lossis welded yeeb nkab.
ASTM B861 / ASME SB861: Txheem Specification rau Titanium thiab Titanium Alloy Seamless Yeeb Nkab. Qhov no yog thawj tus qauv, suav nrog tag nrho peb qib (Gr1, Gr2, Gr3, Gr4, Gr5, thiab lwm yam).
ASTM B862 / ASME SB862: Txuj Specification rau Titanium thiab Titanium Alloy Welded Yeeb Nkab. Npog cov kav dej ua los ntawm welded thiab txias - ua haujlwm coil.
Kev Xeem thiab Ntawv Pov Thawj: Cov yeeb nkab xa mus rau cov qauv no yog nrog los ntawm Daim Ntawv Qhia Txog Cov Khoom Siv Pov Thawj (CMTR) uas suav nrog:
Kev tshuaj ntsuam xyuas tshuaj: Ladle thiab cov khoom (kuaj xyuas) kev soj ntsuam xyuas qhov ua tau raws qib - cov kev txwv tshwj xeeb (xws li O, Fe, N, C, H rau qib CP; Al, V, Pd rau qib alloyed).
Mechanical Tests: Tensile test results (Yield Strength, Tensile Strength, Elongation) thiab hardness tests.
Flattening Test, Flare Test, lossis Reverse Khoov Test: Ua kom pom kev ductility thiab weld soundness (rau welded yeeb nkab).
Hydrostatic lossis Tsis yog-Kev Ntsuas Hluav Taws Xob Hluav Taws Xob (NDE): Txhua cov yeeb nkab raug kuaj los yog tshuaj xyuas los ntawm eddy tam sim no, ultrasonic, lossis radiographic kuaj kom ntseeg tau tias muaj kev ncaj ncees.
Dimensional Standards: Cov yeeb nkab qhov ntev (OD, phab ntsa tuab, ntev) feem ntau yog tsim los rau ASTM B861/B862 lossis rau cov kev lag luam uas muaj xws li ASME B36.19M (Stainless Steel thiab Titanium yeeb nkab).
5: Tus nqi li cas -kev ua tau zoo thiab lub neej- lub voj voog tsom xam cuam tshuam rau kev xaiv ntawm Gr3, Gr4, thiab Gr5 titanium kav rau ib qhov project?
Qhov kev xaiv yog kev lag luam kev lag luam classic- tawm ntawm kev siv peev txheej pib (CAPEX) thiab ntev - kev siv sijhawm ua haujlwm (OPEX) thiab kev ntseeg tau.
Qib 3 (Ti CP): Tus nqi pib qis tshaj. Nws muab tus nqi zoo tshaj plaws -ib - lub zog piv rau cov ntawv thov uas nws lub zog thiab corrosion kuj txaus. Lub neej- kev tshuaj xyuas lub voj voog yog qhov zoo rau lub sijhawm ntev - kev pabcuam hauv nws qhov chaw tsim nyog (piv txwv li, dej hiav txwv), vim nws tshem tawm cov nqi kho thiab hloov pauv cuam tshuam nrog cov khoom siv tsis zoo xws li coated carbon steel lossis qee yam stainless hlau.
Qib 4 (Ti-0.5Pd): Tus nqi pib siab tshaj vim yog cov ntsiab lus palladium. Nws qhov kev txiav txim siab tsuas yog nyob rau hauv lub neej voj voog nqi (LCC) thiab kev pheej hmoo txo qis. Nyob rau hauv ib daim ntawv thov uas Gr3 los yog lwm yam ntaub ntawv yuav ua tsis tau sai, yuav tsum tau nquag kaw, hloov, khoom poob, los yog ib puag ncig / kev nyab xeeb xwm txheej, Gr4 dhau los ua kev xaiv pheej yig tshaj 10-20 xyoo cog lub neej. Nws kev xaiv yog kev nqis peev hauv kev ntseeg siab kawg rau cov kev pabcuam hnyav tshaj plaws.
Qib 5 (Ti-6Al-4V): Tus nqi siab dua Gr3 vim yog kev sib xyaw ua ke thiab kev ua haujlwm, tab sis feem ntau tus nqi qis dua Gr4 tshwj tsis yog Pd cov nqi siab heev. Nws tus nqi proposition yog enabling tsim.
Nws tso cai rau cov phab ntsa nyias nyias vim nws lub zog siab, txo qhov hnyav, cov khoom ntim, thiab cov nqi txhawb nqa - tseem ceeb hauv kev siv offshore thiab aerospace.
Nws ua rau cov tshuab ua haujlwm ntawm ntau qhov siab dua qhov twg Gr3 yuav ua tsis tau vim yog phab ntsa tuab.
Nws qhov zoo ntawm LCC yog los ntawm kev ua haujlwm - theem kev txuag (qhov hnyav, qhov chaw, kev teeb tsa) thiab kev ua haujlwm zoo dua hauv siab - kev ntxhov siab, corrosive ib puag ncig uas yuav tsum tau muaj zog thiab corrosion kuj.
Qhov kev xaiv zaum kawg yog ntau-kev txiav txim siab txog kev qhuab qhia uas muaj cov txheej txheem engineers, cov kws tshaj lij cov ntaub ntawv, thiab cov kws lag luam kev lag luam, sib npaug cov kev xav tau ntawm cov nqi ntawm cov tswv cuab.
