1. Dab tsi yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm metallurgical kev nce qib hauv Hastelloy B-3 dhau ntawm nws cov thawj coj B thiab B-2, thiab lawv tau txais txiaj ntsig li cas rau kev lag luam?
Hastelloy B-3® (UNS N10675) yog nickel-molybdenum alloy niaj hnub tsim los kov yeej cov kev txwv tseem ceeb ntawm tus qub Hastelloy B thiab B-2 alloy (UNS N10665). Thawj qhov kev nce qib nyob hauv nws qhov tshwj xeeb thermal stability thiab tsis kam mus rau theem intermetallic tsim.
Vs. Hastelloy B: Tus thawj alloy raug kev txom nyem los ntawm cov vuam kub heev- cuam tshuam cheeb tsam (HAZ) rhiab heev vim carbide nag lossis daus, ua rau intergranular corrosion. B-2 hais txog qhov no los ntawm kev txo qis carbon thiab silicon, ua rau nws tiv taus carbide tsim.
Vs. Hastelloy B-2: Thaum B-2 yog ib qho kev txhim kho loj, nws tseem pom muaj kev nyiam los nag kom Ni₄Mo intermetallic theem thaum lub sij hawm ntev raug nyob rau hauv 1200℃F-1600℃F (650℃-870 degree) ntau yam, uas yuav ua rau embrittlement thiab txo ductility hauv cov txheej txheem welded.
Hastelloy B-3 yog cov tshuaj sib npaug kom txo qis cov kinetics ntawm cov nag lossis daus phem no. Nws muaj kev ruaj ntseg microstructural zoo dua tom qab siab- qhov kub thiab txias, xws li thaum lub sij hawm kev ntxhov siab-reliving, welding ntawm daim hlau tuab, los yog ntev - kev pab cuam nyob rau hauv kub kub. Qhov no txhais ncaj qha rau cov txiaj ntsig kev lag luam: txhim kho kev ntseeg tau ntawm cov khoom siv welded, lub neej ntev kev pab cuam rau cov txheej txheem cov cuab yeej, thiab ntau dua yooj yim thaum fabrication-tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau hnyav B-3 phaj siv nyob rau hauv reactors los yog txhua qhov uas qeeb txias los ntawm qhov tseem ceeb kub ntau yam yog inevitable.
2. Dab tsi yog qhov corrosive ib puag ncig uas Hastelloy B-3 Plate yog cov khoom xaiv, thiab yuav tsum zam qhov twg?
Hastelloy B-3 phaj yog tsim tshwj xeeb rau kev tuav cov aggressively txo (tsis-oxidizing) acidic media. Nws qhov kev ua tau zoo tshaj plaws yog pom nyob rau hauv ib puag ncig uas tsis muaj cov tshuaj oxidizing tiav.
Cov ntawv thov tseem ceeb:
Hydrochloric Acid (HCl): Nws nthuav tawm qhov ua tau zoo heev rau txhua qhov kev xav tau thiab qhov kub thiab txias, suav nrog cov tshuaj kub kub. Qhov no yog nws daim ntawv thov flagship.
Sulfuric Acid (H₂SO₄): Ua tau zoo heev rau nruab nrab thiab siab concentrations, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv qhov kub thiab txias mus txog rau lub boiling point nyob rau hauv txo tej yam kev mob.
Acetic, Phosphoric, thiab Formic Acids: Ua rau muaj zog heev, txawm tias muaj kab mob thiab nyob rau qhov kub siab.
Aqueous thiab Gaseous Halides: Kev ua tau zoo tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv ib puag ncig uas muaj cov tshuaj chlorides, fluorides, thiab bromides, qhov uas nws tiv taus pitting, kev nyuaj siab corrosion cracking (SCC), thiab dav corrosion.
Ib puag ncig kom zam:
Oxidizing Conditions: B-3 muaj cov ntsiab lus chromium tsawg thiab tsis haum rau oxidizing acids xws li nitric acid, chromic acid, los yog sulfuric acid nrog cov oxidizers muaj zog (xws li, ferric lossis cupric ntsev).
Oxidizing Chloride Salts: Cov ntsev zoo li FeCl₃ lossis CuCl₂ yuav ua rau muaj kev tawm tsam sai.
Nqus Chlorine Gas: Qhov no yog qhov nruab nrab oxidizing heev uas yuav ua rau aggressively corrode B-3.
Caustic Alkalies: Txawm hais tias muaj kev tiv thaiv me ntsis, nickel alloys nrog ntau dua chromium (xws li C-276) feem ntau nyiam rau kev pabcuam caustic.
Kev xaiv ntawm B-3 phaj yog vim li no tau tsav los ntawm kev nkag siab meej ntawm cov txheej txheem chemistry, kom ntseeg tau tias qhov chaw nyob ruaj khov.
3. Dab tsi yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev vuam thiab tom qab-weld heat treatment ntawm tuab Hastelloy B-3 Phaj?
Vuam Hastelloy B-3 phaj, thaum yooj yim dua li nws cov neeg ua ntej, xav tau cov txheej txheem nruj kom khaws nws qhov kev tiv thaiv corrosion thiab txhua yam khoom.
Vuam txheej txheem: Gas Tungsten Arc Vuam (GTAW/TIG) yog txoj kev tseem ceeb tshaj plaws rau cov hauv paus hniav thiab pib dhau los ntawm kev tswj hwm zoo. Shielded Hlau Arc Vuam (SMAW) thiab Gas Hlau Arc Vuam (GMAW) tuaj yeem siv los sau cov ntawv hla ntawm daim hlau tuab. Matching B-3 muab tub lim hlau yog yuav tsum tau.
Cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb:
Kev huv huv: Kev ntxuav tsis huv yog tsis muaj - sib tham. Cov kab mob xws li sulfur, phosphorus, lead, thiab qis - melting- taw tes hlau los ntawm cov cim kos lossis cov khib nyiab hauv khw tuaj yeem ua rau weld tawg lossis embrittlement.
Thaum tshav kub kub input: Siv cov cua kub qis mus rau nruab nrab. Cov cua kub ntau tseem tuaj yeem txhawb nqa kev loj hlob ntawm cov nplej thiab, dhau sijhawm, ua rau cov theem sib txawv, txawm tias B-3 zam ntau dua li B-2.
Interpass Kub: Khaws qis dua 250℃F (121 degree) los tswj tag nrho cov thermal raug.
Shielding: Zoo heev inert gas shielding (argon / helium) ntawm lub ntsej muag weld, cag, thiab nraub qaum yog qhov tseem ceeb los tiv thaiv oxidation thiab paug. Pom zoo ib daim ntaub thaiv tom qab.
Post-Weld Heat Treatment (PWHT): Hastelloy B-3 feem ntau tsis tas yuav muaj PWHT rau kev txhim kho corrosion, uas yog qhov zoo dua. Txawm li cas los xij, rau tuab - phaj fabrications raug rau cov kev ntxhov siab hnyav, kev kho cua sov kom txo tau qhov kev ntxhov siab yuav raug teev tseg kom txo qis cov kev ntxhov siab uas yuav ua rau muaj kev ntxhov siab corrosion tawg hauv kev pabcuam. Yog tias ua tau, nws feem ntau ua kom cua sov mus rau 1125℃F (607 degree), tuav lub sijhawm luv luv (piv txwv li, 1 teev ib nti ntawm tuab), thiab tom qab ntawd cua txias lossis sai dua.
4. Rau kev tsim cov hlab ntsha siab, dab tsi yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom siv thiab cov qauv tsim siv rau Hastelloy B-3 Phaj?
Thaum siv rau cov hlab ntsha siab, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, los yog cov reactors, B-3 phaj yog tswj hwm los ntawm cov cuab yeej cuab tam nruj thiab cov qauv tsim thoob ntiaj teb.
Hom Chav Kub Kub Mechanical Properties (Plate, annealed condition):
Tensile Strength: Ntau dua lossis sib npaug rau 115 ksi (Ntau dua lossis sib npaug rau 793 MPa)
Yield Strength (0.2% offset): Ntau dua lossis sib npaug rau 52 ksi (Ntau dua lossis sib npaug rau 359 MPa)
Elongation: Ntau dua lossis sib npaug li 40%
Cov khoom no ua kom muaj lub zog txaus thiab ductility rau kev ntim hauv siab.
Key Design Codes:
ASME Boiler thiab Pressure Vessel Code, Tshooj II: Muab cov ntaub ntawv lees paub rau B-3 phaj: SB-333 (phaj, ntawv, thiab sawb).
ASME Seem VIII, Division 1: Cov cai tseem ceeb rau kev tsim cov hlab ntsha siab, sau cov qauv tsim, tso cai rau kev ntxhov siab, kev tsim khoom, thiab kev tshuaj xyuas. B-3 tau muab tus nqi siab tshaj plaws rau kev ntxhov siab ntawm ntau yam kub hauv ASME Tshooj II, Ntu D.
ASTM Standards: ASTM B333 yog cov txheej txheem sib xws rau cov khoom siv tshuaj, tshuab, thiab qhov ntev.
PED (Pressure Equipment Directive) 2014/68/EU: Rau cov nkoj muab tso rau hauv kev ua lag luam hauv European Union, cov ntaub ntawv yuav tsum ua raws li Harmonized Standards (piv txwv li, EN 10095 rau nickel alloys).
Cov kws tsim qauv xaiv B-3 phaj tuab raws li cov lej no, suav nrog kev siab sab hauv, cov khoom siv sab nraud, thiab kev tiv thaiv corrosion. Nws zoo ductility thiab tawg toughness yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev ua raws cai thiab kev nyab xeeb kev ua haujlwm.
5. Tus nqi li cas -rau- kev ua tau zoo piv ntawm Hastelloy B-3 Phaj ua kom pom tseeb nws qhov kev siv piv rau cov khoom siv pheej yig dua lossis cov khoom siv kim dua?
Kev xaiv ntawm Hastelloy B-3 phaj yog cov ntaub ntawv classic ntawm lub neej-kev txheeb xyuas tus nqi ntawm cov khoom siv thawj zaug. Thaum nws cov nqi them ua ntej yog siab dua cov hlau tsis muaj steel (xws li, 316L) lossis qis dua -qib nickel alloys, nws feem ntau raug nqi ntau dua -zoo dua li cov kab txawv, siab dua-chromium alloys xws li Hastelloy C-276 rau cov kev pabcuam tshwj xeeb.
Vs. Pheej Yig Alloys (Stainless Steels, Nickel 200): Nyob rau hauv kub, concentrated hydrochloric acid, stainless hlau yuav poob kev puas tsuaj nyob rau hauv ib tug luv luv lub sij hawm. Tus nqi ntawm kev hloov khoom siv rov ua dua, lub sijhawm tsim khoom loj heev, thiab kev nyab xeeb kev nyab xeeb ua rau B-3, nrog rau nws lub neej kev pab cuam ntev xyoo, qhov kev xaiv ntawm kev lag luam.
Vs. Hastelloy B-2: Txawm hais tias B-2 muaj tus nqi qis dua, B-3 lub thermal stability zoo txo qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev ua tsis tiav thaum lub sijhawm tsim khoom (xws li, tawg hauv cov ntu tuab) thiab txuas ntxiv lub neej kev pabcuam hauv cov kev pabcuam kub. Qhov kev pheej hmoo txo qis ntawm kev kho qhov chaw raug nqi lossis kev hloov ntxov ntxov feem ntau ua rau tus nqi them rau B-3 hauv cov ntawv thov tseem ceeb, welded.
Vs. Ntau Cov Alloys Nqis (C-276, C-22): Cov alloys zoo heevoxidizinglos yog sib xyaw oxidizing / txo qhov chaw. Siv lawv hauv kev txo cov kua qaub zoo li HCl dhau lawm - specification- lawv tsis muaj txiaj ntsig kev ua tau zoo thiab tuaj ntawm 30-50% cov khoom siv ntau dua li B-3. B-3 yog lub hom phiaj, cov nqi kho kom zoo rau kev txo qis corrosion.
Yog li ntawd, qhov kev ncaj ncees rau B-3 phaj yog nyob rau hauv nws precision engineering rau ib tug tshwj xeeb corrosion domain. Nws muab qhov zoo tshaj plaws tshuav nyiaj li cas ntawm tus nqi pib, kev ntseeg tau ntawm kev tsim khoom, thiab kev ua haujlwm ntev ntev uas tsis muaj kev sib piv hauv nws lub hom phiaj ib puag ncig, txo tag nrho cov nqi ntawm cov tswv cuab ntawm cov cuab yeej siv lub neej.
