Yuav ua li cas yog Nickel superalloys tau

1.How yog nickel superalloys ua?

Nickel superalloys yog tsim los ntawm cov txheej txheem nyuaj, ntau kauj ruam txheej txheem kom ua tiav lawv cov teeb meem microstructure thiab cov khoom lag luam siab. Cov theem tseem ceeb muaj xws li:

Alloy Melting thiab Casting:
Thawj cov ntsiab (npib tsib xee, chromium, molybdenum, cibalt, etc. Lub tshuab nqus melting yog qhov tseem ceeb los txo cov pa porosity (piv txwv li, los ntawm oxygen lossis nitrogen) thiab tshem tawm impurities li sulfur. Tom qab melting, lub alloy tau raug pov rau hauv kev cuam tshuam, billets, lossis ze-net-final cov khoom siv los ntawm kev nqis peev meting (siv rau cov tshuab xuab zeb) lossis xuab zeb casting.

Kub Ua Haujlwm:
Ingots yog rhuab rau kev kub siab (feem ntau 1,000-1,200 degree) thiab puab kev ua yeeb yam, dov, lossis extrusion. Tus txheej txheem no ua kom cov qauv grain, txo cov khoom lag luam tsis xws luag, thiab ua kom haum nplej kom txhim kho kev siv zog-tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov creep kuj. Forging yog ib qho rau cov kab xev turbine, thaum dov cov ntawv lossis cov phiaj.

Kev Kho Cua Sov:
Ib kauj ruam tseem ceeb kom ua kom tau zoo microstructure. Kev khomob tib xws li:

Kev daws Annealing: Cov cua sov cov alloy rau 1,000-1,200℃kom yaj cov ntsiab lus tsis zoo, tom qab ntawd txias txias (quenching) kom kaw lawv hauv kev daws teeb meem.

Kev laus (nag lossis daus ua kom tawv): Rov ua kom sov rau qhov kub qis (650-900 degree) los ua rau kev tsim cov nplua, thiab "-ni₃nb). Cov no precipitates lub zog txav, muaj zog loj dua.

Qhov Txheej Txheem Theem Ob:
Cov kauj ruam ntxiv yuav suav nrog Machining (kom ua tiav cov kev kho mob ntau dua), piv txwv li cov hmoov txhuas) Hmoov metallurgy cuam tshuam nrog Atomizing alloy rau hauv hmoov zoo, tom qab ntawd sib xyaw ua ke thiab kub los tsim cov qauv grain nrog cov qauv sib xyaw.

Kev Tswj Xyuas Zoo:
Kev kuaj nruj (piv txwv li, xaim hluav taws xob rau kev tsom xam theem, ultrasonic kuaj rau kev tsis xws, thiab kev xeem rau lub zog) ua kom cov alloy ua tau raws li kev ua haujlwm tshwj xeeb.

2. Puas yog Nickel superallots sib nqus?

Cov khoom sib nqus ntawm Nickel superalloys nyob ntawm lawv cov lus thiab microstructure, tab sis feem ntau yogTsis yog-sib nqus lossis tsis muaj zog sib nqusnyob rau hauv chav tsev kub. Ntawm no yog vim li cas:

Nickel nws tus kheej yog ferromagnetic (nyiam rau cov hlau nplaum) ntawm chav tsev kub, tab sis ntxiv rau lwm cov ntsiab lus hauv superalalloys hloov tus cwj pwm no.

Chromium, Molybdenum, thiab niobium-ib txwm muaj alloying ntsiab-txo cov ferromagnetism los ntawm kev cuam tshuam cov nickel lub sib nqus.

Ntau tus neeg npib tsib xee (piv txwv li, inconel 718, hastelloy c-276, thiab waspanoy) yog tsim los yog sau lo lus teb, FCC) uas yog inherently tsis yog lub sib nqus.

Exceptions exist: Some nickel superalloys with higher iron content or specific heat treatments may exhibit weak magnetism, but this is rare. For example, certain grades with >10% hlau yuav qhia tau tias ferromagnetism, tab sis nws yog qhov tsis zoo piv rau cov hlau ferromagnetic nyiam hlau lossis cov hlau.

Hauv cov ntsiab lus kev ua tswv yim, feem ntau Nickel superalloys siv nyob rau hauv Aerospace, lub zog lossis sib nqus, ua rau cov khoom siv tshuaj sib nqus (MUAB NTXIV

3. Dab tsi yog cov qib sib txawv ntawm Nickel-based supalloys?

Nickel-based superalloys tau faib rau qib raws lawv cov lus, ntxiv dag zog rau kev ua haujlwm, thiab cov ntawv thov npaj. Hauv qab no yog qib tseem ceeb, pab pawg los ntawm lawv thawj kev siv lossis kev txhais cov khoom:

Aerospace thiab high-kub lub zog

Inconel 718: Cov neeg siv hluav taws xob tsis tshua muaj npe siv Nickel superalloy, muaj ~ 53% ni, 19% Mo. thiab 3% Mo.

Waspaloy: Muaj ~ 58% ni, 19% cr, 13% Mo.

Timré 41: Cobalt-muaj alloy (~ 55% ni, 19% cr, 11% co) nrog oxidation siab tiv taus. Siv Hauv Dav Hlau Cav Tom qab cov neeg ua haujlwm kub.

Inconel 625: ~ 61% ni, 21.5% CR, 9% MO, thiab 3.6% NB. Paub rau corrosion tsis kam thiab lub zog txog 980℃(1,800℃f); siv rau hauv kev ua pa tawm thiab ua yeeb yam.

Corrosion Kuj

Hastelloy C-276: ~ 57% ni, 16% cr, 16% MO, thiab 5% FE. Tsis kam ua rau muaj kev txhim kho hauv cov acids (sulfuric, hydrochloric), chlorine, thiab dej hiav txwv. Siv rau hauv cov tshuaj reactors, cov khoom siv qias neeg, thiab cov khoom siv roj offshore.

Inconel 600: ~ 76% ni, 16% cr, thiab 8% FE. Muab cov oxidation tsis kam nyob rau hauv cov huab cua kub siab thiab siv nyob rau hauv Nuclear Reactor CORES, kev hloov pauv kub, thiab cua sov qhov chaw.

Alloy 20 (Nickel 200/201): ~ 99% ni (nrog tsawg kawg tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam hauv 201). Heev tiv taus rau caustic daws (piv txwv li, sodium hydroxide) thiab siv rau hauv cov khoom siv tshuaj lom neeg thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob.

Creep tsis kam ntawm ultra-siab kub

Inconel 738LC: ~ 61% ni, 16% cr, 8.5% CO, thiab 3.4% AL. Tsim los rau roj turbine hniav tuaj, nrog creep tsis kam nce mus txog 900℃(1,650℃f).

CMSX-4: Ib qho ib zaug-siv lead ua superalloy (~ 61% ni, 10% cr, 9% co) siv hauv turbine hniav. Nws ib-crystal qauv tshem tawm cov ciaj ciam, txo cov creep thiab txhim kho siab-ua tau zoo tshaj 1,000℃(1,830℃f).

Weldable thiab ntau yam kawm

Inconel 825: ~ 42% ni, 21.5% CR, 30% FE, thiab 2.2% CU. Sib tw tiv thaiv corrosion tsis kam (rau sulfuric acid, seasater) thiab weldability. Siv nyob rau hauv cov roj zoo tubing thiab cua sov sib pauv.

Monel 400: Ib npib tsib xee-tooj liab (~ 67% ni, 30% Cu) nrog cov nqaij seed thiab hydrofluoric acid. Thaum tsis ib txwm cais ua "superalalloy" nyob rau hauv nruj nqe lus, feem ntau yog koom nrog lawv rau kev ua haujlwm siab corrosion.

Txhua qib kawm yog engolation rau qee yam kev mob, nrog kev hloov pauv hauv cov khoom siv corrosion (molybdenum siv lawv cov khoom rau Niche cov ntawv thov.