Yog lawm, Nickel-based superalloys feem ntau kim, ntau ntau tus nqi ntau dua li cov ntaub ntawv sib xyaw lossis txawm tias lwm cov ntaub ntawv siab. Lawv tus nqi siab stems los ntawm ntau yam:
Hwm cov ntaub ntawv raw: Npib tsib xee, lub hauv paus ntsiab, yog cov nquag kim dua li hlau (puag ntawm hlau) lossis txhuas. Tsis tas li ntawd, Nickel-based supallloys muaj ntau theem alloy alloy, thiab rhenium, thiab rhenium-ntsiab lus tseem ceeb rau lawv lub siab-kub ua zog thiab corrosion tsis kam. Piv txwv li, rhenium (siv hauv kev kawm qib siab dua tshiab) tuaj yeem nqis ntau txhiab nyiaj daus las ib phaus.
Complex chaw tsim khoom lag luam: Tsim cov nickel-based superalloys yuav tsum tau kho kom meej dua melting (piv txwv li ultrasonic, casting (suav nrog kev kho lead ib leeg), thiab kev kho cua sov. Cov kauj ruam no yog lub zog-intensive thiab yuav tsum muaj cov khoom siv tshwj xeeb kom zam zam kev paug, cov nqi ntxiv.
Tsawg-ntim ntau lawm: Lawv feem ntau yog tsim nyob rau hauv cov ntawv thov me me rau cov ntawv thov me, ntau dua li cov neeg muaj kev lag luam feem ntau ntawm cov nplai.
Hauv kev xyaum, Nickel-based superalloys tuaj yeem nqi 5-10 npaug ntau dua li stainless hlau thiab 2-3 zaug ntau dua cov qauv nickel alloys.
Nickel-based superalloys yog complex, muaj ntau lub alloys nrog npib tsib nrog thawj hom (feem ntau 50-70% los ntawm qhov hnyav). Lawv cov lus tau ua tiav kom sib npaug high-kub ua zog, thiab microOing tseem ceeb xws li:
Npib tsib xee (ni, 50-70%): Lub hauv paus hlau, muab lub ntsej muag ruaj khov-nruab nrab ntawm cov cubic (FCC) Matrix uas khaws cov duction ntawm kev kub siab.
Chromium (CR, 10-25%): Txhim kho cov oxidation thiab corrosion tsis kam los ntawm kev sib sau cov txheej txheem tiv thaiv oxide (croo₃) txheej, tseem ceeb rau nrog cov pa roj kub lossis dej ib puag ncig.
Aluminium (Al, 1-6%) thiab titanium (ti, 1-5%): Txhawb kev tsim ntawm intermetallic γ cov precipitates (ni₃ (al, ti)), uas tau ua rau muaj zog tshem tawm, muaj zog nyob rau hauv lub zog ntawm kev kub siab.
Molybdenum (mo, 1-10%) thiab tungsten (w, 1-10%): Pab kom muaj kev daws teeb meem zoo ntawm Nickel Matrix, txhim kho cov kev kub-kub ua rau muaj kev ntxhov siab qeeb hauv kev ntxhov siab).
Niobium (NB, 1-5%) lossis TANTALUM (TA, 1-5%): Ntxiv rau daim foos γ "precipitates (piv txwv li, ni₃nb hauv Inconel 718) lossis carbides, ntxiv txhim kho lub zog thiab cov plaw ua kom muaj zog.
Me Ntsiab: Small amounts of carbon (C), boron (B), zirconium (Zr), or hafnium (Hf) are often included to strengthen grain boundaries, reducing the risk of high-temperature failure. Rhenium (Re) is added to advanced grades (e.g., CMSX-4) to improve creep resistance at extreme temperatures (>1,000 ° C).
Piv txwv ntawm cov neeg raug:
Inconel 718: ~ 52% NI, 19% CR, 18.5% FE, 5% NB, 3% MO, 0.5% AL.
Tim 88dt: ~ 61% NI, 16% CR, 13% C, 4% MO, 3.7% AL, 2.1% TI, 0.7% NB, 0.3% C.
Nickel-based superalloys muaj koob meej rau lawv lub zog tshwj xeeb, tshwj xeeb ntawm kev nce siab kub uas feem ntau cov hlau tsis muaj zog. Lawv lub zog sib txawv los ntawm qib, kev kho cua sov, thiab kub thiab feem ntau suav nrog:
Chav-Kub Tensile Zog: Feem ntau cov npib tsib xee-based superalloys nthuav qhia qhov kawg tensile muaj zog (130,000 lub zog ntawm 600-1,200 mpa (87,000 PSI). Piv txwv li:
Inconel 718: UTS ~ 1,300 MPa, tawm dag zog ~ 1,100 MPa.
René 95: UTS ~ 1,600 MPa, tawm tswv yim ~ 1,200 mpa (ib qho ntawm cov muaj zog tshaj ntawm chav sov).
Kev Kub Siab Lub Zog: Lawv txhais tau cov lus qhia yog khaws cov muaj zog tseem ceeb ntawm 650-1,200 ° C (1,200-2,200 ° F), qhov twg alloys soften ntau heev. Piv txwv li:
Thaum 650 ° C, Inconel 718 Tsa Uts ntawm ~ 1,000 MPa (vs. ~ 200 MPa rau 316 Stainless hlau).
Ib Leeg-Crystal Superalloys zoo li CMSX-4 khaws cia ~ 700 mpa uts ntawm 1,000 ° C, tseem ceeb rau cov dav hlau cav tshuab tas.
Cov quav: Lawv tiv taus creep (qeeb, deformation nyob rau hauv kev ntxhov siab tas li) thaum kub. Piv txwv li, René 88DT cov khoom ua haujlwm tsawg kawg (<0.1% strain) after 1,000 hours under 200 MPa stress at 850°C-far outperforming other alloys.
Qaug zog muaj zog: Lawv tau txais kev ntxhov siab cyclic zoo, txawm tias muaj kub. Inconel 718, piv txwv li, muaj lub zog qaug zog ntawm ~ 500 MPA ntawm 650 ° C nyob rau hauv 10⁷ mus, ua rau nws haum rau kev sib cav zoo li ib tug turbine disks.
Qhov kev sib xyaw no ntawm lub zog nyob thoob plaws ua rau cov neeg siv nyiaj npib rau Nickel-based superalloys Irreplace Turnaces, thiab kev siv tshuab hluav taws xob, thiab kev ua haujlwm siab muaj Machinery thiab kev siv tshuab.
