1: Dab tsi yog qhov kev piav qhia ntawm cov khoom siv los ntawm "ASTM B407 UNS N08800," thiab yog vim li cas lo lus "Hlau Hlau Yeeb Nkab" technically yuam kev rau cov khoom no?
Qhov tshwj xeeb ASTM B407 yog tus qauv Specification rau "Nickel-Iron-Chromium Alloy Seamless Yeeb Nkab thiab Tube." Lub npe UNS N08800 tshwj xeeb txheeb xyuas cov alloy feem ntau hu ua Incoloy® 800.
Yog li ntawd, cov lus piav qhia tseeb yog: "Seaamless Yeeb Nkab tsim los ntawm Nickel-Iron-Chromium Alloy UNS N08800 (Incoloy 800) rau cov cai ntawm ASTM B407."
Cov kab lus "Metal Steel Pipe" yog ib qho tseem ceeb misnomer. Thaum "steel" yog ib lo lus dav siv qee zaum siv rau cov kav dej hlau, nws yog qhov tsis raug thiab muaj teeb meem hauv kev tsim khoom engineering:
Hlau hauv paus txhais tau tias yog hlau -carbon alloy. Nws cov khoom yog tswj hwm los ntawm Fe-C system.
Incoloy 800 (UNS N08800) yog npib tsib xee- hlau-chromium alloy nrog cov nominal muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm 32% Ni, 21% Cr, thiab 46% Fe (ntxiv rau cov ntsiab lus me). Nws cov khoom yog txhais los ntawm nws cov ntsiab lus siab nickel thiab chromium.
Qhov txawv tseem ceeb: Cov ntsiab lus siab nickel muab tso rau hauv tsev neeg ntawm nickel-raws li alloys, conferring superior corrosion kuj, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau chloride kev nyuaj siab corrosion cracking, thiab sib txawv siab -kub tus cwj pwm piv rau steels. Hu rau nws "steel" undervalues nws cov nqi khoom kim heev chav kawm thiab tuaj yeem ua rau tsis meej pem nrog qis dua - cov ntaub ntawv ua tau zoo xws li stainless hlau 304H.
Cov ntsiab lus: Rau qhov tseeb thiab kev qhia tshwj xeeb, nws yuav tsum hu ua "Nickel Alloy Pipe" lossis "Nickel{0}}Iron-Chromium Alloy Pipe."
2: Raws li ASTM B407, dab tsi yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua rau kev tsim khoom, kev kho cua sov, thiab kev sim ntawm UNS N08800 seamless yeeb nkab?
ASTM B407 tsim cov txheej txheem nruj kom ntseeg tau cov yeeb nkab kev ncaj ncees thiab kev ua haujlwm:
Cov txheej txheem tsim khoom: Cov yeeb nkab yuav tsum yog seamless, feem ntau yog tsim los ntawm extrusion, rotary piercing, los yog cov txheej txheem zoo sib xws uas tsis cuam tshuam nrog longitudinal weld seam. Qhov no yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev ua haujlwm siab -siab lossis corrosive.
Kev kho cua sov (Yuav tsum tau): Tag nrho cov yeeb nkab UNS N08800 yuav tsum tau muab tso rau hauv kev daws teeb meem -annealed mob. Qhov no suav nrog cua sov cov yeeb nkab mus rau qhov kub txaus kom muab tag nrho cov carbides rau hauv kev daws teeb meem (feem ntau nyob rau hauv thaj tsam ntawm 1100-1175℃/ 2010-2150℃F), ua raws li kev ua kom txias sai (feem ntau yog dej quenching). Cov kauj ruam tseem ceeb no:
Dissolves teeb meem chromium carbides.
Maximizes corrosion kuj los ntawm kev tiv thaiv rhiab heev.
Ua kom lub cev tsis sib xws, ductile microstructure.
Chemical Composition: Cov yeeb nkab yuav tsum ua raws li cov kev txwv nruj rau UNS N08800 raws li teev nyob rau hauv tus qauv (piv txwv li, Ni: 30.0-35.0%, Cr: 19.0-23.0%, C: 0.10% max, Fe: balance).
Mechanical Properties: Tus qauv qhia qhov tsawg kawg nkaus lub zog, lub zog tensile, thiab elongation qhov tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum tau kuaj xyuas los ntawm kev sim.
Tsis yog-Kev Ntsuam Xyuas Kev Puas Tsuaj (NDE): Txhua lub yeeb nkab yuav tsum tau kuaj xyuas los ntawm kev ntsuas hydrostatic lossis tsis yog-kev ntsuas hluav taws xob puas tsuaj (xws li eddy tam sim no). Kev ntsuam xyuas hydrostatic txheeb xyuas qhov siab ncaj ncees nyob rau hauv ib qho kev ntxhov siab, thaum qhov kev ntsuam xyuas tam sim no pom qhov chaw thiab nyob ze - deg defects.
Daim ntawv pov thawj: Cov chaw tsim khoom yuav tsum muab Daim Ntawv Qhia Txog Cov Khoom Siv (MTR) lees paub ua raws li txhua yam kev cai chemical, mechanical, thiab testing.
3: Nyob rau hauv cov ntawv thov kev lag luam tshwj xeeb yog ASTM B407 UNS N08800 seamless yeeb nkab cov khoom ntawm kev xaiv, thiab cov khoom tseem ceeb twg ua rau nws xaiv?
Incoloy 800 yeeb nkab yog xaiv rau cov kev pabcuam uas xav tau qhov sib npaug ntawm lub zog, kev ua kom muaj zog, thiab ua haujlwm rau ob qho tib si oxidation thiab cov corrosives tshwj xeeb, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau qhov kub siab.
Thawj Daim Ntawv Thov & Cov Tsav Tsheb:
Petrochemical & Tshuaj Ua Haujlwm:
Daim ntawv thov: Hloov cov kab rau cov txheej txheem ntws, cov kab dej ntws tawm, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob sib txuas.
Tsav Tsheb: Kev ua haujlwm zoo heev rau oxidation thiab carburization txog ~ 1100 degree, ua rau nws tsim nyog rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab cov kev pabcuam pyrolysis. Kev ua haujlwm zoo rau sulfuric thiab nitric acids, thiab kev tiv thaiv zoo tshaj rau chloride kev nyuaj siab corrosion cracking (SCC) piv rau 300-series stainless hlau.
Fais fab tiam (Fossil & Nuclear):
Daim ntawv thov: Chav generator tubing, feedwater rhaub tubing, siab -kub kav hauv superheaters.
Tsav Tsheb: Zoo corrosion kuj nyob rau hauv siab -purity dej thiab chav, ua ke nrog zoo tensile thiab creep- tawg lub zog ntawm nruab nrab kub (txog ~ 700℃/ 1290℃F). Nws qhov kev ua tau zoo hauv kev teeb tsa nuclear yog vim nws qhov ruaj khov nyob rau hauv irradiation.
Thaum tshav kub kub kev kho mob & Industrial Furnaces:
Daim ntawv thov: Radiant raj, retorts, kiv cua shafts, thiab cab kuj piping rau kub gases.
Tsav Tsheb: Zoo tiv thaiv rau cyclic oxidation thiab thermal qaug zog. Nws tsim ib qho chaw ruaj khov, ua raws chromium oxide nplai uas tiv thaiv lub hauv paus hlau thaum rov ua cua sov thiab cua txias.
Pulp & Ntawv Kev Lag Luam:
Daim ntawv thov: Digester cawv ua ntej- rhaub tubing, dej cawv dub rov qab boiler tubing.
Tus Tsav Tsheb: Tsis kam mus rau caustic (NaOH) cov kev daws teeb meem thiab sulfide- muaj ib puag ncig ntsib hauv cov txheej txheem kraft.
4: Dab tsi yog cov lus qhia tseem ceeb rau vuam thiab fabricating ASTM B407 UNS N08800 yeeb nkab, thiab lawv txawv li cas ntawm vuam txheem carbon steel yeeb nkab?
Vuam npib tsib xee alloys zoo li UNS N08800 yuav tsum tau tshwj xeeb cov txheej txheem los tswj corrosion kuj thiab txhua yam khoom:
Filler Hlau Xaiv: Siv qhov sib txuam lossis dhau -nickel sib npaug- alloy muab tub lim. Feem ntau yog ERNiCr-3 (AWS A5.14), tseem hu ua INCONEL® Filler Metal 82. Qhov no ua kom cov hlau vuam zoo sib xws, thermal expansion, thiab corrosion resistance.
Kev Npaj Ua Ntej & Kev Huv Huv: Qhov no yog qhov tseem ceeb. Cov cheeb tsam sib koom yuav tsum tau muab ntxuav kom huv si ntawm txhua yam kab mob- roj, roj, xim, cim inks, thiab qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws, sulfur thiab qis- melting- taw tes hlau (xws li zinc, lead, tin). Cov no tuaj yeem ua rau kub tawg lossis corrosion hnyav heev. Dedicated, alloy- tshwj xeeb sib tsoo thiab ntxuav cov cuab yeej raug pom zoo kom tsis txhob muaj hlau paug los ntawm cov cuab yeej carbon steel.
Vuam Tshuab:
Siv Gas Tungsten Arc Vuam (GTAW/TIG) rau cov hauv paus hla thiab feem ntau rau kev hla dhau los kom tswj tau zoo thiab huv.
Khaws qhov ntsuas kub sib txawv, feem ntau qis dua 150℃(300℃F). Kev siv hluav taws xob ntau dhau tuaj yeem ua rau cov qoob loo loj hlob, distortion, thiab txo corrosion kuj nyob rau hauv tshav kub - cuam tshuam cheeb tsam (HAZ).
Siv cov txheej txheem "stringer hlaws" nrog tsawg kawg weaving los tswj cov cua sov.
Ncej -Weld Thaum tshav kub kub kho (PWHT): Feem ntau tsis tas yuav tsum tau rau Incoloy 800. Cov tshuaj-annealed puag hlau thiab vuam zoo nrog cov muab tub lim zoo sib xws feem ntau ua rau lub suab, corrosion-tiv taus sib koom ua ke. PWHT qee zaum tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj tshwj tsis yog xav tau tshwj xeeb rau kev pabcuam hnyav.
Qhov Tseem Ceeb Qhov txawv ntawm Carbon Steel: Carbon steel welding yog qhov kev zam txim ntau dua txog kev sib kis thiab cov khoom cua sov. Kev tsom mus rau kev ua kom huv si, tsis muaj cua sov nkag, thiab cov khoom siv tshwj xeeb yog cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev vuam siab -kev ua tau zoo nickel alloys.
5: Thaum twg tus engineer yuav tsum qhia UNS N08800 (Incoloy 800) yeeb nkab rau ASTM B407, thiab thaum twg lawv yuav tsum xav txog qhov siab dua -qib UNS N08810 (800H) lossis UNS N08811 (800HT)?
Qhov kev xaiv ntawm cov qhab nia no hinges ntawm qhov yuav tsum tau muaj siab -kub creep- tawg lub zog thiab cov ntawv thov tshwj xeeb.
Qhia meej Standard UNS N08800 (Incoloy 800) thaum:
Thawj qhov yuav tsum tau muaj yog kev tiv thaiv corrosion (piv txwv li, rau chlorides, ntau yam acids, caustics) ntawm qhov kub qis mus rau nruab nrab.
Qhov kev khiav hauj lwm kub yog qis dua li ntawm 600-650℃(1110-1200℃F) qhov kev txhim kho creep lub zog tsis yog qhov tseem ceeb tsim.
Daim ntawv thov cuam tshuam nrog thermal cycling tseem ceeb, qhov twg nws zoo thermal qaug zog kuj tseem ceeb.
Tus nqi yog qhov kev txiav txim siab, raws li tus qauv 800 feem ntau tsis tshua kim dua qib H / HT.
Hloov kho rau UNS N08810 (800H) lossis UNS N08811 (800HT) thaum:
Daim ntawv thov cuam tshuam nrog ntev - kev pabcuam nyob rau hauv kev ntxhov siab (siab, thauj khoom) ntawm qhov kub siab tshaj 600℃. Qhov no suav nrog cov raj hloov kho, cov raj ethylene cracker raj, thiab siab - kub taub hau.
Qhov txawv ntawm qhov tseem ceeb: Ob leeg H thiab HT muaj cov ntsiab lus tswj tau siab dua (0.05-0.10% vs . 0.10% max rau 800) rau kev txhim kho kev nkag siab.
800H vs. 800HT: 800HT (UNS N08811) muaj qhov yuav tsum tau ua ntxiv rau qhov tsawg kawg nkaus Aluminium + Titanium cov ntsiab lus (Ntau dua lossis sib npaug li 0.85%) rau kev ruaj ntseg microstructural zoo tshaj . 800HT muab qhov siab tshaj plaws lav tau creep- tawg lub zog ntawm SMEs feem ntau yog cov qauv tsim los ntawm peb tus lej thiab feem ntau yog tus qauv siab Cheebtsam.
Cov qib no yuav tsum tau muab rau hauv kev daws teeb meem -annealed thiab coarse -grained mob (ASTM grain loj 5 los yog coarser) kom ua kom zoo dua cov khoom creep- ib qho yuav tsum tsis txhob siv rau tus qauv 800.
Txoj cai ntawm tus ntiv tes xoo: Rau siab - qhov kub thiab txias nyob rau hauv load, qhia meej 800H lossis 800HT. Rau corrosion kuj nrog zoo tag nrho - nyob ib ncig ntawm cov khoom nyob rau hauv qis kub, tus qauv Incoloy 800 (UNS N08800) ib ASTM B407 yog ib qho zoo heev thiab tus nqi -kev xaiv zoo.
